Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

PLAN:  The United States Federal Government should provide necessary financial incentives for community-planned solar and wind energy production.

Contention 1: Intangible Energy

The centralized energy system on which modern society runs—we are distanced, geographically and emotionally, from the sources of electricity.  This distance and the attendant intangibility of energy makes awareness and sustainability impossible.

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 [James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf]

THE INTANGIBILITY OF ENERGY  A common observation among designers and researchers  interested in… the  notion of energy-as-materiality and further outline a simple  framework for designing interactions with energy-asmateriality  involving collecting, keeping, sharing, and  activating energy.

The result of this intangibility of energy is an untenable relationship between society and the environment.  Because we, as consumers, are alienated from the production of electrical energy, we are willing to ignore environmental consequences and authorize violence in order to ensure an unending, cornucopian supply

Byrne and Toly, 2006 [John BYRNE Director Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and Public Policy @ Delaware AND Noah TOLY Research Associate Center for Energy and Environmental Policy ‘6 in Transforming Power eds. Byrne, Toly, and Glover p. 1-3]

From climate change to acid rain, contaminated landscapes, mercury pollution, and biodiversity loss ,2 the…democratic failure in the evolution of modern energy, and considers the discursive continuities between the premises of conventional and sustainable energy futures.

The environmental costs of the traditional power system-- from climate change to water pollution to air pollution—are massive but ignored.  This destroys the environment and makes renewables economically uncompetitive.

Sovacool, 2009 [Benjamin, Energy Governance Program, Centre on Asia and Globalisation, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.  “Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States” Energy Policy 37 (2009) 4500–4513]

3. Economic impediments¶ While renewable power sources have social benefits, they are not without costs, and the existing system prices … when the prices are so skewed in their favor is much like racing a tricycle against a Ferrari.

This relationship to the energy economy makes massive environmental destruction and species extinction inevitable because of pollution, resource competition, and global warming.  Only a new energy paradigm focused on micro-generation can create change fundamental enough to avert disaster.

Rifkin, 2012 [Jeremy Rifkin is president of the Foundation on Economic Trends and the bestselling author of nineteen books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the economy, the workforce, society, and the environment. His books have been translated into more than thirty five languages and are used in hundreds of universities, corporations and government agencies around the world. His most recent books includeThe Third Industrial Revolution, The Empathic Civilization, The Hydrogen Economy, The European Dream, The End of Work, The Age of Access, and The Biotech Century.  Jeremy Rifkin has been an adviser to the European Union for the past decade and is the principle architect of the European Union’s Third Industrial Revolution long-term economic sustainability plan.. “The third Industrial Revolution”. Feb 14th.http://www.makingitmagazine.net/?p=4514]

Our industrial civilization is at a crossroads. Oil and the other fossil fuel energies that make up the industrial way …impacting the very way we conduct business, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life.

Contention 2: Empowered Communities

An overt political challenge is a necessary component of this strategy.  The plan’s confrontation with status quo energy elites galvanizes movements and lends legitimacy to broader environmental movements. 

Scrase and Smith, 2009 [Ivan SCRASE Science and Technology Policy Research @ Sussex AND Adrian SMITH Science and Technology Policy Research @ Sussex ‘9 “The (non-)politics of managing low carbon socio-technical Transitions” Environmental Politics 18 (5) p. 722-724]

Political strategies for transitions In the reflexive spirit TM calls for, it is worthwhile questioning the assumption in TM …informal transition politics already exists. In our view, this suggests possibilities for mobilisation in a political programme for low carbon transitions.

And, Government support is essential to the adoption of renewable tech—it LEADS to community and market acceptance.  The negative’s complaints about “intermittency” aren’t failures of technology, they are failures of status quo political leadership.  The plan’s STRONG SIGNAL at the POLICY LEVEL is key.

Wolsink, 2011 [Maarten, Maarten Wolsink∗ Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,” The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources” Elsevier Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]

3.2.1. Inadequate policies  The challenges of implementing renewables demonstrate the  importance of…particularly in the first phase of renewables development, as the model of large wind farm schemes  generating significant revenues was demonstrated to be viable [59].

And, the plan’s incentive for local renewable microgeneration creates a material and emotional interaction with energy that challenges the monolithic energy structure of the status quo and fosters a broader discussion and participation in discussions about energy.  Awareness alone is insufficient—this sort of material engagement is a prerequisite to meaningful participation, and creates sustainable relationships to the environment more generally

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 [James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University ”Designing for emotional attachment to energy” http://www.jamesjpierce.com/publications/pierce-emotional_energy.pdf]

4.2. Transforming our relationships with energy. One of the primary aims of our research is to promote sustainable everyday…and materiality with the aim of redirecting everyday interactions and practices toward sustainability.

The material and communal connection to energy engendered in the plan allows us to form emotional relationships with energy and remake the way we value it  Criticisms of this attachment, while important, ignore the fact that we already have an unsustainable relationship to energy—only the aff’s move towards tangibility and awareness can “sustainably recode” society.

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 [James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf]

Designing for energy as material and symbolic  Proposing a more explicit treatment of the design of energy  as both material…is merely “something to”—  something undemanding and undeserving of our sustained  care and attention.

The plan directs our relationship with energy towards sustainability—the psychological effects of its integration create wholesale cultural change and awareness

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 [James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf]

Our approach is grounded in a belief that sustainable  interaction design can benefit from and indeed likely requires…order to re-shape our material, social and cultural conditions into those capable of being sustained.

The plan creates a flexible approach to generation emphasizing local needs, ownership and control.  This is an institutional change that challenges the central energy system by encouraging polycentric decision-making and empowering local actors at the expense of status quo energy elites

 Wolsink, 2011 [Maarten, Maarten Wolsink∗ Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,” The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources” Elsevier Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]

6. Concluding remarks¶ What are the social foundations of smart grids? They consist of decentralized…slow down such developments. Ultimately the danger is that it will  impede the application of the most promising solutions for smart  grid development.

And, the plan’s focus on community-based solutions is essential.  Allowing communities to come together around their local generation networks creates a shared sense of ownership—leading people to participate—and responsibility—leading to changes in consumption patterns.  Cookie cutter, imposed solutions are doomed to failure.

Wolsink, 2011 [Maarten, Maarten Wolsink∗ Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,” The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources” Elsevier Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews]

4. Community perspective¶ 4.1. Trust¶ In addition to being physically close, DG increasingly is also at closer ‘social distance’ … The impact of electric vehicles on the distribution network  will largely be determined by behavioural factors, such as driving  patterns, charge timing and vehicle penetration [31].

Finally, energy must be rendered tangible via micro-generation.  Doing so builds a bridge between “energy awareness”—the status quo where people know about environmental consequences but don’t change their behavior—and “energy engagement”, where we actively remake our lives towards sustainability. 

This tangible engagement is the difference between shrilly shouting at people about energy and inviting and teaching them to change their lives.  The aff is the key to mediating our relationship with energy towards a sustainable future. 

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 [James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf]

Designing for energy engagement and attunement Energy engagement could be a powerful way of … designs us to treat energy as immaterial, we must also recognize that we can design our world to be otherwise.

Start your evaluation of the debate from an integrated, socio-technical perspective.  Politics, technology, economics, and society form a co-productive, interactive web.  Their arguments about “impossibility” or “technical failure” or “inevitability” take minor contingent facts and treat them as immutable—the plan is a change at every level that can radically alter our relationship to technology and the world

Sovacool, 2009 [Benjamin, Energy Governance Program, Centre on Asia and Globalisation, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.  Also, knocked Herndon out of the NDT his junior year.  On vagueness.  Siiiiiiiick. “Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States” Energy Policy 37 (2009) 4500–4513]

By laying out these impediments as “economic,” “political,” and “behavioral,” the author did not intend to suppose that demarcations between …The question of whether a technology works – whether it remains “lost” and “marginalized” – cannot be answered prior to its adoption.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC

Contention One: Intangible Energy

What is powering our laptops?  The lights in this building?  The air conditioner and elevators?  What sort of fuel is burning to keep the power plant running?  Where is it from? Who--and what--is hurt by it?  

Most in current society are unable to answer these questions, because energy is  intangible and taken for granted.  We expect power to be there when we plug into an outlet  We don’t worry about where it came from.  

This is a direct result of the design of the centralized energy system we are distanced, geographically and emotionally, from the sources of electricity.  the attendant intangibility of energy makes awareness and sustainability impossible.

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf

THE INTANGIBILITY OF ENERGY  A common …collecting, keeping, sharing, and  activating energy.

The result of this intangibility of energy is an untenable relationship between society and the environment.  Because we, as consumers, are alienated from the production of electrical energy, we are willing to ignore environmental consequences and authorize violence in order to ensure an unending, cornucopian supply

Byrne and Toly, 2006 John BYRNE Director Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and Public Policy @ Delaware AND Noah TOLY Research Associate Center for Energy and Environmental Policy ‘6 in Transforming Power eds. Byrne, Toly, and Glover p. 1-3

From climate change to acid rain, contaminated … energy, and considers the discursive continuities between the premises of conventional and sustainable energy futures.

The environmental costs of the traditional power system are massive but ignored.  This destroys the environment and makes renewables uncompetitive.
Sovacool, 2009 Benjamin, Energy Governance Program, Centre on Asia and Globalisation, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.  Also, knocked Herndon out of the NDT his junior year.  On vagueness.  Siiiiiiiick. “Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States” Energy Policy 37 (2009) 4500–4513
3. Economic impediments¶ While renewable power sources … much like racing a tricycle against a Ferrari.

This relationship to the energy economy makes massive environmental destruction and species extinction inevitable because of pollution, resource competition, and global warming.  Only a new energy paradigm focused on micro-generation can create change fundamental enough to avert disaster

Rifkin, 2012 Jeremy Rifkin is president of the Foundation on Economic Trends and the bestselling author of nineteen books on the impact of scientific and technological changes on the economy, the workforce, society, and the environment. His books have been translated into more than thirty five languages and are used in hundreds of universities, corporations and government agencies around the world. His most recent books includeThe Third Industrial Revolution, The Empathic Civilization, The Hydrogen Economy, The European Dream, The End of Work, The Age of Access, and The Biotech Century.  Jeremy Rifkin has been an adviser to the European Union for the past decade and is the principle architect of the European Union’s Third Industrial Revolution long-term economic sustainability plan.. “The third Industrial Revolution”. Feb 14th. http://www.makingitmagazine.net/?p=4514

Our industrial civilization is at a crossroads. Oil and … conduct business, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life.
Failure to change global environmental trends will cause planetary extinction – the threshold is hidden.
WATSON  c.  00    founder Sea Shepherd conservation Society.  Founding Director Greenpeace, MA Environmentalist
Paul, “The Politics of Extinction,” http://www.eco-action.org/dt/beerswil.html
Individual humans are for the most part insulated … specter of massive human destruction. 

Their species defense arguments are wrong – resiliency is only possible given long time-frames and freedom from artificial intervention – consensus of scientists proves that species loss will devastate global ecosystems and threaten human survival
WILSON 02 Professor of Environmental Biology at Harvard
http://raysweb.net/specialplaces/pages/wilson.html
People commonly respond to the evidence of species … where biodiversity is both the richest and most threatened. 

Warming is real, anthropogenic, and causes extinction
Deibel, 07 (Terry L. Professor of IR @ National War College, 2007. “Foreign Affairs Strategy: Logic for American Statecraft”, Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today)
Finally, there is one major existential threat … continued existence of life on this planet

Our regime of consumption is the underlying driver of global conflict.  
Mark LACY Politics and IR @ Lancaster (UK) ‘5 Security and Climate Change p. 32-48
A common tactic by politicians and organizations hostile to the IPCC … its capital investment and belching out carbon dioxide. " 40

Prefer our systemic analysis of crises and conflict – focus on symptoms obscures underlying structures and causes serial policy failure
Ahmed 11—Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed is an international security analyst. He is Executive Director at the Institute for Policy Research and Development, and Associate Tutor at the Department of IR, University of Sussex, where he obtained his DPhil. “The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society,” Global Change, Peace and Security, Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011, Taylor and Francis Online

The twenty-first century heralds the unprecedented …polarisation that can culminate in violent conflict.

Specific scenarios should receive less weight than social goals.  Expert specificity is more vulnerable to short-term thinking and bias in favor of existing interests. 

Derk LOORBACH 7 Dutch Research Institute For Transitions @ Erasmus University (Netherlands) Transition Management: New Mode of Governance for Sustainable Development p. 91-92

Anticipative strategies in general help to … protected environments, transition arenas (Meadowcroft 2005).

The Plan
PLAN:  The United States Federal Government should substantially increase financial incentives for community-planned solar energy production.

Contention two—Empowered Communities
Distributed generation has the potential to create a sustainable energy paradigm or it can uphold existing institutions – framing is key
Pierce and Paulos, 2010 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf
Our approach is grounded in a belief that sustainable  … those capable of being sustained. 5

Framing shapes politics
Rockridge Institute 7 “Frames and Framing,” progressive think tank that uses neuroscience and cognitive linguistics to shape argument form and phrasing for progressive values, former website: rockridge institute.org/aboutus/frames-and-framing/index.html, link not active currently

Expressing progressive political ideas and values … explicit in order to improve political debate.
An overt political challenge is a necessary component of this strategy.  The plan’s confrontation with status quo energy elites galvanizes broader environmental movements.  

Scrase and Smith, 2009 Ivan SCRASE Science and Technology Policy Research @ Sussex AND Adrian SMITH Science and Technology Policy Research @ Sussex ‘9 “The (non-)politics of managing low carbon socio-technical Transitions” Environmental Politics 18 (5) p. 722-724
Political strategies for transitions In the reflexive spirit … programme for low carbon transitions.
The material and communal connection to energy engendered in the plan allows us to form emotional relationships with energy and remake the way we value it  Criticisms of this attachment ignore that we already have an unsustainable relationship to energy—only the aff’s move towards tangibility and awareness can “sustainably recode” society.

Pierce and Paulos, 2010 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf

Designing for energy as material and … of our sustained  care and attention.
Energy must be rendered tangible via micro-generation.  Doing so builds a bridge between “energy awareness”—the status quo where people know about environmental consequences but don’t change their behavior—and “energy engagement”, where we actively remake our lives towards sustainability.  
Pierce and Paulos, 2010 James Pierce, Eric Paulos, researcher and Cooper-Siegel Endowed Chair at the  Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Carnegie Mellon University “Materializing energy”, http://www.paulos.net/papers/2010/MaterializingEnergy_DIS2010.pdf

Designing for energy engagement and attunement Energy …can design our world to be otherwise.

And, Government support is essential to the adoption of renewable tech—it LEADS to community and market acceptance. Complaints about “intermittency” aren’t failures of technology, they are failures of status quo political leadership.  
Wolsink, 2011 Maarten, Maarten Wolsink∗ Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,” The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources” Elsevier Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

3.2.1. Inadequate policies  The challenges of implementing …generating significant revenues was demonstrated to be viable 59.
Start your evaluation of the debate from an integrated, socio-technical perspective.  Politics, technology, economics, and society form a co-productive, interactive web.  Their arguments about “impossibility” or “technical failure” or “inevitability” take minor contingent facts and treat them as immutable—the plan is a change at every level that can radically alter our relationship to technology and the world

Sovacool, 2009 Benjamin, Energy Governance Program, Centre on Asia and Globalisation, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.  Also, knocked Herndon out of the NDT his junior year.  On vagueness.  Siiiiiiiick. “Rejecting renewables: The socio-technical impediments to renewable electricity in the United States” Energy Policy 37 (2009) 4500–4513

By laying out these impediments as “economic,” “…“marginalized” – cannot be answered prior to its adoption.

The plan creates a flexible approach to generation emphasizing local needs,  This institutional change challenges the central energy system by encouraging polycentric decision-making and empowering local actors

 Wolsink, 2011 Maarten, Maarten Wolsink∗ Department of Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam,” The research agenda on social acceptance of distributed generation in smart grids: Renewable as common pool resources” Elsevier Journal Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

6. Concluding remarks¶ What are the … the application of the most promising solutions for smart  grid development.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Avoids transmission problems

Lewis 10-23
Craig Lewis Executive Director, Clean Coalition Distributed Generation - A Key Piece of the Energy Puzzle 10/23/2012 

Furthermore, DG beats out centralized generation … protects America's pristine environments.

Grid upgrades will cost THOUSANDS of BILLIONS of dollars in the next twenty years—DG bypasses these costs

Martin, 2009 [Jeremi Martin  Under the supervision of Antoine Hyafil, Dean of the Energy Track at HEC Paris  May 2009École des Hautes Études Commerciales de Paris http://www.vernimmen.net/ftp/An_introduction_to_distributed_generation.pdf]

Investment in transmission and distribution networks: … generation investments remaining constant).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC

2. Substantially means a considerable amount
Arkush 02 (David, J.D. Candidate Harvard Law School, “Preserving "Catalyst" Attorneys' Fees Under the Freedom of Information Act in the Wake of Buckhannon Board and Care Home v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources,” Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review Vol. 37 http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/crcl/vol37_1/arkush.pdf)
Plaintiffs should argue that the term … considerable amount, quantity or dimensions"). 101

3. Prefer
a) The word “substantially” is ambiguous and can have no predictable limiting function
Stark 97 – patent attorney from Tennessee (Stephen, “NOTE: KEY WORDS AND TRICKY PHRASES: AN ANALYSIS OF PATENT DRAFTER'S ATTEMPTS TO CIRCUMVENT THE LANGUAGE OF 35 U.S.C.,  Journal of Intellectual Property Law, Fall, 1997 5 J. Intell. Prop. L. 365, lexis)
In patent law, ambiguity of claim language … protection particularly hard to determine.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC

Congress has gone home – no more major legislation till after the election
National Journal 9/20 Executive Insight Briefing, http://www.nationaljournal.com/membership/document/download/3691

Hill Has Empty Calendar Until November
Both chambers of Congress have scrapped … major action until after the election.

WINNERS-Win – victories snowball
SINGER  09  senior writer and editor for MyDD My Direct Democracy, 3-3-09, http://www.mydd.com/story/2009/3/3/191825/0428)

From the latest NBC News-Wall Street Journal …push forward on anything from universal healthcare to energy reform to ending the war in Iraq.

Obama has made major green moves
Digges 9/4/2012 Charles, As Democratic National Convention convenes, what remains of Obama’s initial green hopes? Bellona Foundation  http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2012/Obama_DNC

What has gone right?¶ But for all of the Republican … willing to go an extra environmental mile, Søyland said.

Financial Incentives for green energy Popular
BORCHERS 10 – 16 – 12 Globe Correspondent Callum Borchers, Voters favor President Obama’s energy platform over Mitt Romney’s, according to poll, but many undecided, http://www.boston.com/politicalintelligence/2012/10/16/voters-favor-president-obama-energy-platform-over-mitt-romney-according-poll-but-many-undecided/3NKjDv5es2XxQmEKQ2OjYP/story.html

More voters support President Obama’s … renewable energy sourcing by utilities.

Solar popular – Solyndra bashing doesn’t work with the public
GRUNWALD 10 – 25 – 12 Time Staff Michael Grunwald, (Almost) Everyone Loves Solar, http://business.time.com/2012/10/25/almost-everyone-loves-solar/

You probably like solar energy. i know … also support Governor Romney’s desire to cut red tape.”

Famine doesn’t cause war ---- it makes people too hungry to fight
Barnett in ’00 (Jon, Australian Research Council fellow and Senior Lecturer in Development Studies @ Melbourne U. School of Social and Environmental Enquiry, Review of International Studies, “Destabilizing the environment-conflict Thesis”, 26:271-288, Cambridge Journals Online)

Considerable attention has been paid to the … widespread malnutrition and large loss of life. 

Empirically resource wars don’t escalate
Maximus ‘8 (Fabius Maximus April 29, 2008 “Higher food prices , riots, shortages = what is going on?” http://fabiusmaximus.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/inflation/)

Perhaps there will be wars over … for maintaining OUR cheap food supply. 

1AR

Blanket claims of food wars are false – each country is different
Messer and Cohen, 06 - International Food Policy Research Institute (Ellen and Marc, Internatioanl Food Policy Research Institute, 2006 “Conflict, food Insecurity, and Globalization”)

The maps and tables indicate, not surprisingly, that … no conflict, such as India and  Niger. 

Food prices don’t cause massive instability
Sonin ‘8 – Professor at the New Economic School, is a columnist for Vedomosti Konstantin (Sonin, Moscow Times April 29, 2008 “The Upside of High Food Prices”)

Of course, rising food prices adversely … cause for instability in grain-exporting countries

No evidence defending the theory of pc – idology matters more
John Sides, Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at George Washington University, 2009
“What We Have Learned from the Health Care Debate,” The Monkey Cage, December 16th, Available Online at http://www.themonkeycage.org/2009/12/what_we_have_learned_from_the.html, Accessed 02-10-2010
The pathologies of reporting and commentary … is to make a decision — whether or not it is right.

Emprically - steamrolling
Green 10 professor of political science at Hofstra University, David Michael Green, 6/11/10, "The Do-Nothing 44th President ", http://www.opednews.com/articles/The-Do-Nothing-44th-Presid-by-David-Michael-Gree-100611-648.html
Moreover, there is a continuously evolving and …retired Helen Thomas, this is precisely what they did.

Obama has made major green moves
Digges 9/4/2012 Charles, As Democratic National Convention convenes, what remains of Obama’s initial green hopes? Bellona Foundation  http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2012/Obama_DNC

What has gone right?¶ But for all of the Republican … are willing to go an extra environmental mile, Søyland said.

Solar popular – Solyndra bashing doesn’t work with the public
GRUNWALD 10 – 25 – 12 Time Staff Michael Grunwald, (Almost) Everyone Loves Solar, http://business.time.com/2012/10/25/almost-everyone-loves-solar/

You probably like solar energy. i know this … also support Governor Romney’s desire to cut red tape.”

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fed key – four reasons
Kay, 2012  Energy Federalism: Who Decides? David Kay  Cornell Community and Regional Development Institute (CaRDI) July 2012 http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/cals/devsoc/outreach/cardi/programs/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfileandPageID=1071714

Centralized Federalism Sovocool list four significant … the aggregate minimum must indeed be higher than the minimum among the separate smaller governments.
Especially true for DG
Bluvas, ‘7 Kristin Bluvas, attorney. “Distributed generation: a step forward in United States energy policy.” Albany Law Review, Vol. 70 Nbr. 4, September 2007. http://law-journals-books.vlex.com/vid/distributed-generation-step-forward-56308005
B. Distributed Generation and Reliability Under EPACT … several U.S. electricity markets the past few years

Perm: Do the CP
Bulman-Pozen and Gerken 09 – JD from Yale University (07) and Professor of Law @ Yale Law School JESSICA BULMAN-POZEN AND HEATHER K. GERKEN, “Essay: Uncooperative Federalism,” The Yale Law Journal, May 2009, 118 Yale L.J. 1256

Federalism scholarship offers two distinct visions … and allies to the federal government.

• • • • No funding plank means the CP cant solve --- states must balance their budgets --- only the federal government can deficit spend
        NCSL 99 State Balanced Budget Requirements, http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/budget/state-balanced-budget-requirements.aspx

Requirements that states balance their …statement that the state must have a balanced budget."

race to the bottom means cant solve environment -- perm solves best
Pursley 12 Garrick B. Pursley, Assistant Professor of Law, Texas Tech University School of Law, “Unblocking Cooperative Energy Governance.” http://www.law.northwestern.edu/searlecenter/papers/Pursley_Unblocking.pdf

Thus, without some sort of unifying nationwide … strategy built into the Clean Air and Clean Water acts. 35

Trickle down
Carlson 07/05/2009 Ann E. Carlson, Shirley Shapiro Professor of Environmental Law Faculty Director, “ITERATIVE FEDERALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE.” Northwestern University School of Law, https://165.124.73.46/journals/lawreview/v103/n3/1097/LR103n3Carlson.pdf

In the case of RGGI’s cap-and-trade …unacknowledged in the environmental literature. 340