Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
A2: Earthquakes

Group earthquakes turn—

1. Decades of CO2 EOR disproves their earthquakes link
   NETL 10 National Energy Technology Laboratory @ US Department of Energy, “Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery Untapped Domestic Energy Supply and Long Term Carbon Storage Solution,” March 2010 

Can’t injecting carbon dioxide into …CO2 EOR and CO2 sequestration.  Pg. 25

Current EOR disproves their earthquake scenario – They ignore secondary trapping
Hill 12 - Scientist and Geologist @ Clean Air Task Force [Dr. Bruce Hill (PhD in Geology), “Seismic Risk Won’t Threaten the Viability of Geologic Carbon Storage,” Clean Air Task Force, June 20th, 2012, pg. http://www.catf.us/blogs/ahead/2012/06/20/seismic-risk-wont-threaten-the-viability-of-geologic-carbon-storage/

This week’s rumblings against carbon capture …of large-scale geologic storage, rather than abandon it.

A2: increase warming
First, AFF Solves Warming—

1. Bridge technology: CCS provides a short term solution to prevent extreme weather events, that’s essential—no other renewable energy can fill in—that’s Der.
   2. Negative emissions: biomass facilitates a decrease in past CO2 emitted and halt emissions from current coal plants, that’s Selosse.  
   3. Coal: CCS is the only mechanism to decrease future emissions from coal plants. The plan creates a market for industrial CO2, lowering our emissions by billions of tons, that’s Claussen.
   Second, CO2 EOR substantially reduces emissions - You should prefer our ev.  It is based on a life cycle analysis of a fully functional EOR project
   Ravagnani et al 09 – Professor of Petroleum Sciences @ UNICAMP, Brazil Ana Teresa Ferreira da Silva Gaspar Ravagnani (Program of Petroleum Sciences and Engineering — UNICAMP, Brazil), E.L. Ligero (Center of Petroleum Studies — CEPETRO/UNICAMP, Brazil) S.B. Suslick (Institute of Geosciences and Center of Petroleum Studies — CEPETRO/UNICAMP, Brazil), “CO2 sequestration through enhanced oil recovery in a mature oil field,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 65 (2009) pg. 129–138

6. Conclusions
CO2 sequestration is an important tool … increased oil production can be noted.  Pg. 136-138  AT: Turn: EOR = warming  

We store 37% more CO2 than we emit
Ravagnani et al 09 – Professor of Petroleum Sciences @ UNICAMP, Brazil Ana Teresa Ferreira da Silva Gaspar Ravagnani (Program of Petroleum Sciences and Engineering — UNICAMP, Brazil), E.L. Ligero (Center of Petroleum Studies — CEPETRO/UNICAMP, Brazil) S.B. Suslick (Institute of Geosciences and Center of Petroleum Studies — CEPETRO/UNICAMP, Brazil), “CO2 sequestration through enhanced oil recovery in a mature oil field,” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 65 (2009) pg. 129–138

Table 3 summarizes the results of the relevant … the project lifetime. Pg. 133 AT: Turn: EOR = warming  
No CO2 emissions during oil production
NETL 10 National Energy Technology Laboratory @ US Department of Energy, “Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery Untapped Domestic Energy Supply and Long Term Carbon Storage Solution,” March 2010 

Won’t the carbon dioxide be released when the oil is produced?
No. Any CO2 that is produced along … into place to make sure that is true. Pg. 23

A2: Renewable Tradeoff

CCS is a bridge to renewables
Soupa and  Lajoie 6/1/12 (Olivier, Managing Director of the SBC Energy Institute, non-profit organization founded by Schlumberger Business Consulting, center  for scientific and tech. research into energy industry issues, Board includes former IEA and OPEC advisors and directors. “Leading the Energy Transition: Bringing Carbon Capture and Storage to Market.” SBC Energy Institute, June 2012. http://www.sbc.slb.com/SBCInstitute/Publications/~/media/Files/SBC%20Energy%20Institute/SBC%20Energy%20Institute_Bringing%20CCS%20to%20Market1.ashx.) 

CCS is not a competitor of renewables – … total primary energy demand by 2035.

Benefits outweigh the risk – CCS will pave the way for a more sustainable future
Klass & Bergan 08 – Professor of energy and environmental law @ University of Minnesota & Former Executive Director @ Great Plains Institute for Sustainable Development [Alexandra B. Klass & Sara E. Bergan (JD Candidate @ University of Minnesota), “SYMPOSIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND SUSTAINABILITY,” Tulsa Law Review, Fall 2008, 44 Tulsa L. Rev. 237

CCS could play a major role in mitigating the … solution to the climate change problem.

CCS is a bridge to renewables
Soupa &  Lajoie 6/1/12 (Olivier, Managing Director of the SBC Energy Institute, non-profit organization founded by Schlumberger Business Consulting, center  for scientific and tech. research into energy industry issues, Board includes former IEA and OPEC advisors and directors. “Leading the Energy Transition: Bringing Carbon Capture & Storage to Market.” SBC Energy Institute, June 2012. http://www.sbc.slb.com/SBCInstitute/Publications/~/media/Files/SBC%20Energy%20Institute/SBC%20Energy%20Institute_Bringing%20CCS%20to%20Market1.ashx.) 

CCS is not a competitor of renewables – …primary energy demand by 2035.

A2: Leaks 

3. Not true—science is on our side
Dooley and Davidson 10 – Senior Staff Scientist @ Joint Global Change Research Institute JJ Dooley (Scientist-Engineer Level 5 (of six levels) @ PNNL) and CL Davidson (Researcher in the Building Energy Systems and Technologies @ PNNL. Focused on CSS), JJ Dooley and CL Davidson, “A Brief Technical Critique of Ehlig-Economides and Economides 2010: “Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in a Closed Underground Volume” Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-19249, April 2010

The technical feasibility of storing … and challenges associated with CCS.

A2: Coal lock-in

CCS doesn’t drive tech choices
Klass and Bergan 08 – Professor of energy and environmental law @ University of Minnesota and Former Executive Director @ Great Plains Institute for Sustainable Development Alexandra B. Klass and Sara E. Bergan (JD Candidate @ University of Minnesota), “SYMPOSIUM: ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY: CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND SUSTAINABILITY,” Tulsa Law Review, Fall 2008, 44 Tulsa L. Rev. 237

The next question is whether investment in … development of more sustainable technologies.
No tech lock-in
Gough and Upham 10 – Energy Research Fellow @ Tyndall Manchester  and Visiting Professor in Governance of Energy Systems and Climate Change @ Finnish Environment Institute Claire Gough and Paul Upham, “Biomass energy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS): a review,” Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Working Paper 147, December 2010

(Shackley and Thompson unpublished) explore in detail the …reinforcing fossil lock-in in the longer term.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
A2: Accidents

4 decades without an accident
NEORI 12 The National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative (Initiative members include executives from the electric power, coal, ethanol, chemical, and oil and gas industries; state officials, legislators, and regulators; and environmental and labor representatives), “Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Domestic Energy, Economic, and Environmental Opportunity,” February 2012

Today, over 3,900 miles (Dooley, et al., 2009) of ... serious injuries or fatalities reported. Pg. 1

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC

Permutation: Do both – solves the net benefit

Permutation:  United States federal government should reveal the plan in the Quadrennial Energy Review
QER is exclusively federal actors and is a federal energy policy
Koonin 11 - Under Secretary for Science @ U.S. Department of Energy Steven E. Koonin, “Department of Energy’s Quadrennial Technology Review,” Statement Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources United States Senate, November 15, 2011, pg. http://tinyurl.com/8p56qt2

When the PCAST, as an external advisory board to … a mechanism for managing this crosscutting¶ challenge.

CP makes status quo efforts now – they 

Permutation: Do the CP – 

a. certainty and immediacy are not in the plan text- counterplan isn’t separate from the mandate of the plan

b. should means desirable
  Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 7 – (http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=should*1+0anddict=A)

  should (DUTY)
  auxiliary verb
  used to express that it is necessary,…of the following verb

c. severance is justified when counterplans compete off an element of time or certainty- these counterplans are bad for debate

4. Counterplans that allow the possibility of doing the entire plan are a voting issue
a. Kills affirmative ground—debate is rigged for the neg because they can choose the institution they submit the plan to where the literature is on their side—even if we can get offense it relies on us reading new offense in the 2AC that gives them a 13 minute block to answer vs a 5 minute 1AR.
b. Anti-educational—consult counterplans give negatives an incentive to never do any work on the topic because they can always just change the process of the plan and claim arbitrary advantages—this prevents an in-depth examination of the literature.

No net benefit – their politics link argument means that they would say no

Link to the net benefit – if the counterplan results in the passage of the PTC, Obama would still get backlash 

DOE QTR isn’t programmatic – just general suggestions – no reason they’d be followed
DOE  11  Department of Energy Quadrennial Technology Review Framing Document, http://energy.gov/QTR, 3/14/2011

The scope of the DOE-QTR will include …analytical assets that can inform policy making by others.

First QER isn’t till 2014 – huge timeframe and proves the net benefits are inevitable
KOSKI  11  Coons Staff  Senator Coons calls for coordinated national energy review, http://www.coons.senate.gov/newsroom/releases/release/senator-coons-calls-for-coordinated-national-energy-review

U.S. Senator Chris Coons (D-Del.), a member of the … economic competitiveness and security in the United States.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC

Romney just like Obama – differences are all talk
Sanger ’12 Chief Washington correspondent of The New York Times, has reported from New York, Tokyo and Washington, covering a wide variety of issues surrounding foreign policy, globalization, nuclear proliferation and Asian affairs. Twice he has been a member of Times reporting teams that won the Pulitzer Prize
David E. Sanger “Is there a Romney doctrine?” May 12, 2012 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/13/sunday-review/is-there-a-romney-doctrine.html?pagewanted=all

Iran may be a first test. Mr. Romney … to come to a peaceful resolution. 

War wouldn’t escalate, would control most of the impacts.
KROENIG  12  Stanton Nuclear Security Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations  Matthew Kroenig, Why a Strike Is the Least Bad Option, January/February 2012, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136917/matthew-kroenig/time-to-attack-iran

Even if the United States managed to identify all of Iran’s … international crisis and limit the scope of the conflict.

Romney wins – ground gain, closing polls, states aligned
METZLER 11 – 1 – 12  political writer for U.S. News and World Report Rebekah Metzler, Path to Victory: How Mitt Romney Wins the White House, http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ballot-2012/2012/11/01/path-to-victory-how-mitt-romney-wins-the-white-house

Less than a week away from Election Day, Republican … and heads to New Hampshire over the weekend.

Too late – early voting
GOLDBERG 10 – 25 – 12 American conservative syndicated columnist Jonah Goldberg, Goldberg: Early voting pre-empts last-minute gaffes, http://amarillo.com/opinion/opinion-columnist/weekly-opinion-columnist/2012-10-25/goldberg-early-voting-pre-empts-last

I suspect most voters watching Monday …percent of ballots will be cast before Election Day.

3. No link—The plan is a part of the all of the above strategy
Alston and Bird LLP 12 Environment and Land Use Blog, “Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative Released,” March 7, 2012 | pg. http://www.alston.com/environmentalandlandblog/blog.aspx?entry=4538

Last week, the National Enhanced Oil Recovery Initiative(… American ingenuity that is re-invigorating oil fields.”

4. No link—Obama pushing clean coal strategies now
WSJ  5 – 11 – 12  Wall Street Journal Obama Camp Adds Coal to ‘All of the Above’ Energy Strategy, http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2012/05/11/obama-camp-adds-coal-to-all-of-the-above-energy-strategy/

President Barack Obama‘s re-election campaign …clean tech to environmentalist and pro-oil to others

6. Link turn—the plan is popular with environmental groups
Bevill 12 Kris Bevill, “Carbon capture initiative could benefit ethanol producers,” Ethanol Producer Magazine, | February 29, 2012, pg. http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/8606/carbon-capture-initiative-could-benefit-ethanol-producers

A number of Congressional members have … groups on board,” he said. “That’s not a common thing.”

7. No link—the plan would help the econmy
NCC 11 – Federal Advisory Committee to the U.S. Secretary of Energy on coal and the coal industry National Coal Council, “Expedited CCS Development: Challenges and Opportunities,” March 18, 2011

As new technologies are introduced, people often … American communities view CCS as an economic development opportunity.  AT: elections DA 

9. No link uniqueness—greens are already mad at Obama but they are voting for him anyway
Politico 6/18/2012 Darren Samuelsohn Greens give Obama wilting enthusiasm
http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=A89E603A-7C5C-4E57-9DB8-FB3AE331776F

Environmentalists are furious at President Barack …as the campaign progresses,” Brune added.

1. 1. Energy issues won’t switch votes
      NATIONAL JOURNAL  9 – 19 – 12  National Journal By Olga Belogolova, Insiders: Oil-Price Volatility Won’t Affect Election, http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/insiders-oil-price-volatility-won-t-affect-election-20120919#.UFsddiG2CPw.twitter

During his acceptance speech at the Republican …been shoved off the field,” one Insider said.

1AR

1AR Early Voting

Means its too late
THE WEEK 10 – 15 – 12 Early voting: Obama's secret weapon?, http://theweek.com/article/index/234831/early-voting-obamas-secret-weapon

Election day is still more than three weeks away, but President … troops are in the field already"

A2 Iran Prolif Bad

No impact- Iran uses nuclear capabilities for deterrence
Waltz ’12 Member of the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley and Columbia University, scholar of international relations Kenneth Waltz “Why Iran Should Get the Bomb Nuclear Balancing Would Mean Stability” July/August 2012 http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137731/kenneth-n-waltz/why-iran-should-get-the-bomb

One reason the danger of a nuclear Iran has been … to believe Iran would break this mold. 

President Irrelevant

Iran war doesn’t depend on the candidate
Chapman 7/8/12 Columnist for Chicago Tribune on international affairs
Steve Chapman “The arms race that won't happen Iran and the phony proliferation scare” July 8, 2012 http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-07-08/news/ct-oped-0708-chapman-20120708_1_nuclear-proliferation-iran-regional-proliferation

The United States keeps trying to force Iran to … they been for the U.S. in Iraq or Afghanistan?

Romney Compromises

Romney will compromise – internal plans
POLITICO 10 – 22 – 12 ROMNEY TRANSITION PLANS: early Dem outreach; pragmatism over ideology -- Obama, Bill Clinton to barnstorm together -- POTUS sees grand bargain by summer, http://www.politico.com/playbook/1012/playbook9315.html?hp=l6

HOW ROMNEY WOULD GOVERN: Mitt Romney’s … barriers to economic growth and providing certainty to businesses.”

Romney will back down – needs to compromise
ALLEN 10 – 25 – 12 Politico Political Staff Mike Allen and Jonathan Allen, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1012/82854.html

Mitt Romney’s transition team — dubbed the “… a problem solver, primarily on the economic 

Don’t know what Romney will do

Can’t tie Romney down to a policy – intentionally vague
DOUTHAT  9 – 1 – 12   Op-Ed Columnist for the NYT  Ross Douthat, Franklin Delano Romney, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/02/opinion/sunday/douthat-franklin-delano-romney.html

Romney’s version of Roosevelt’s campaign strategy is far … actually under the company’s hood.

1AR UQ Yes Romney

Key indicators go Romney – he’s gaining ground among independents, and state combinations are aligned to give him the points he needs
He’ll win –  momentum
WASHINGTON POST 10 – 25 – 12 Chris Cillizza and Aaron Blake, Is Mitt Romney’s momentum real or fake?, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/10/25/is-mitt-romneys-momentum-real-or-fake/

Wrote MacGillis regarding the aftermath of … a series of swing states has narrowed considerably.
What we don’t is whether Romney has peaked or not. But it’s tough to argue that there hasn’t been real movement toward him in the past three weeks. 

And most recent polls say Romney
NEWSMAX 10 – 25 – 12 Rove: Romney Now Has Real Chance for Victory, http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/rove-obama-romney-election/2012/10/25/id/461456

The most recent polls indicate Mitt … them and his chance at a second term.”

He’ll win Ohio
JORDAN 10 – 25 – 12 small-business market-research consultant. National Review Online Staff Josh Jordan, Why Romney Doesn’t Need a Poll Lead in Ohio, http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/331593/why-romney-doesnt-need-poll-lead-ohio-josh-jordan

History suggests late deciders will break … might not be enough on Election Day.

Ohio key
SCHOEN 10 – 24 – 12 Pollster who has worked for Clinton, and Michael Bloomberg.  Fox News Contributor Douglas Schoen, Who are the voters who haven't decided to vote for Obama or Romney?, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/10/24/who-are-voters-who-havent-decided-to-vote-for-obama-or-romney/

The Obama campaign has all but conceded that … clear how deadlocked this race really is.

1AR N/L/popular

Clean coal is key to multiple swing states.
The Washington Times, 3/5/2012 (Coal heats up as campaign issue for Obama, p. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/mar/5/coal-heats-up-as-campaign-issue-for-obama/?page=all)
The top coal-dependent states include … who call the very idea of “clean coal” a myth.
plan is popular with environmental groups
Bevill 12 Kris Bevill, “Carbon capture initiative could benefit ethanol producers,” Ethanol Producer Magazine, | February 29, 2012, pg. http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/8606/carbon-capture-initiative-could-benefit-ethanol-producers

A number of Congressional members have … on board,” he said. “That’s not a common thing.”

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
2AC Japan Alliance

Escalated conflict’s a lose-lose – either the US gets drawn into war with China or it hesitates, collapsing the US-Japan alliance
Tanaka 8/19/12 (Hitoshi, Senior Fellow at the Japan Center for International Exchange and Chairman of the Institute for International Strategy at the Japan Research Institute, former deputy minister for foreign affairs for Japan. “Politicising the Senkaku Islands a danger to regional stability.” East Asia Forum, August 19, 2012. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/08/19/politicising-the-senkaku-islands-a-danger-to-regional-stability/.)

Beyond the sovereignty of the Senkaku … Treaty and the foundation of the alliance.

Alliance prevents multiple nuclear wars
Richard L. Armitage Kurt M.Campbell, Michael J. Green, Joseph S. Nye et al. 2k, fmr. Dep. Secretary of State, CSIS, CFR, JFK School of Government at Harvard (also contributed to by James A. Kelly, Pacific Forum, Center for Strategic and International Studies; Edward J. Lincoln, Brookings Institution; Robert A. Manning, Council on Foreign Relations; Kevin G. Nealer, Scowcroft Group; James J. Przystup, Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University; “The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership”, Institute for National Strategic Studies Special Report, October, http://www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SR_01/SR_Japan.htm)

Asia, in the throes of historic change, should carry … central to America’s global security strategy.

Tournament: Liberty | Round: 2 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Reps not key
Tuathail, 96  (Gearoid, Department of Georgraphy at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Political Geography, 15(6-7), p. 664, science direct)
While theoretical debates at academic conferences  … always be open to the patterned mess that is  human history.

Stability isn’t about perfection. Trying to achieve social peace  is about preventing violent anarchy.
Elshtain ‘3  (Jean Bethke, Prof. Social and Pol. Ethics – U. Chicago, “Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a Violent World”, p. 48-49)
Many, myself included, believe that Hobbes …answer to the former question is yes, we are likely to call for a new  government.

Feminist criticism of international relations is too insular and self-referential—its own methodology is suspect because it excludes all perspectives not from the margins –err aff because only ones with specific solvency
Jarvis, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty at University of Sydney, 2000 (D.S.L, International relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, pg. 160-162) pont
Critical research agendas of this type, however, are not found … as mainstream approaches are accused of being.

Feminist criticism of IR just ignores “facts”—the notion that IR is gendered is based upon the fallacy of composition.  Assertive prose isn’t evidence.
Jarvis, lecturer in the Department of Government and International Relations, Faculty at University of Sydney, 2000 (D.S.L, International relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism, pg. 170-172) pont
Apart from the problematic nature of identity discourse as a… a mortality rate to disease twice that for women. 138

No gender bias in international relations actually exists—feminist criticism is based upon exaggerated mischaracterizations of realism and is riddled with contradictions
Murray, professor of politics at the University of Wales, 1997  (Alistair, Reconstructing Realism: Between Power Politics and Cosmopolitan Ethics, netlibrary)
Consequently, Tickner claims that 'feminist … critique, collapses in the face of the revelation of its inadequacy.