Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1 is the Science –
 

Warming is real and it’s happening now – 20 independent indicators.
“Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Summary of Findings” Published by Nick Sundt on Tue, 04/27/2010 - 13:34, World Wildlife Fund Climate Blog, citing the 2010 EPA Report on Climate Change, http://www.wwfblogs.org/climate/content/epa-climate-change-indicators-keyfindings-apr2010
The evidence of climate change is growing ……. the coast, consistent with rising inland temperatures.
 

Anthropogenic CO2 is the cause – All other natural factors and alternate causalities are considered.
The New York Times, Richard A. Mueller, July 28, 2012, “The Conversion of a Climate Change Skeptic” Richard A. Muller, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and a former MacArthur Foundation fellow, is the author, most recently, of “Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=1andpagewanted=all
CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago ……..observed temperature rise and the known greenhouse gas increase.
 

The consensus is settled and skeptics are paid off.
Lewandowsky and Ashley 6/24/11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,” http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)
Certainty in science If you ask a scientist whether something is ………. and thoroughly failed the Australian public.
 

Err on the side of climate change, even if the science is debatable, because of its irreversibility.
Sunstein 07 Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Law School of the University of Chicago (Cass R., “Worst-Case Scenarios”, Harvard University Press]
Most worst-case scenarios appear to have an element of irreversibility. ………. more aggressive measures than would otherwise seem justified.

 

Contention 2 is the Impacts –
 

A) Biodiversity –
 

Warming causes extinction.
Sify 10 [Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html]
Sydney: Scientists have sounded alarm ……..,' Bruno warned, according to a GCI release. These findings were published in Science.
 

Specifically, warming will drastically alter ecosystems, collapsing biodiversity.
Warren et al 2011. Dr. Rachel Warren, NERC Advanced Fellow @ University of East Anglia, Leader Ecosystem Services and Leader Community Integrated Assessment System, Dr. Jeff Price is a biologist and Professor of Geological and Environmental Sciences at CSU Chico, author of major warming books, Andreas Fischlin is head of the Terrestrial Systems Ecology Group, Ph.D in population ecology. Santiago de la Nava Santos, Guy Midgley. Increasing impacts of climate change upon ecosystems with increasing global mean temperature rise, 21 August 2010. (https://mail-attachment.googleusercontent.com/attachment?ui=2andik=68edd708fdandview=attandth=130dcf75c3c6b9a1andattid=0.1anddisp=inlineandrealattid=f_gpivseim0andsafe=1andzwandsaduie=AG9B_P9v-e7ASYqyRVdmOxmB6PH6andsadet=1309474731525andsads=rFnUsons67EgUuZcqovX-X2kaNYandsadssc=1)
Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the literature upon which they are based, largely ……… rainfall patterns and/or drought and fire incidence (e.g. Holmgren et al. 2001)
 

Biodiversity solves all global problems and outweighs.
Jim Chen 2K - Prof of law U of Minneasota, Now Dean of Law School at Louisville (“Globalization and Its Losers:, 9 Minn. J. Global Trade 157’ Lexis)
Conscious decisions to allow the extinction ………. Homo sapiens  in ten million years, perhaps a hundred million. n348
 

B) Oceans –
 

Ocean acidity caused by CO2 will destroy oceans – It’s the biggest threat and happening quicker.
By Kristen Gelineau, Associated Press. Times, “Official: Ocean Acidity Biggest Threat to Coral Reefs” July 9, 2012. Read more: http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2012/07/09/official-ocean-acidity-biggest-threat-to-coral-reefs/#ixzz21TS4k7GV
(SYDNEY) — Ocean acidification has emerged ……….. of change simply because it’s a big atmosphere and it’s a big ocean.”
 

Ocean destruction will ensure planetary extinction.
Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law [Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN]
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments ……. More importantly, the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.
 

Coral reefs independently are critical to human survival.
McMichael, 03  (Anthony J, National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health Director, Climate Change and Human Health: Risks and Responses,http://books.google.com/books?id=tQFYJjDEwhICandpg=PA254andlpg=PA254anddq=coral+reefs+critical+human+survivalandsource=webandots=PpvyXNZ_Veandsig=HuTi0RaOUUfhEhs1_zYoDQhJFz0andhl=enandsa=Xandoi=book_resultandresnum=4andct=result#PPP1)
Coral reefs are one of the most threatened ………. for the curio and aquarium trades.
 

Warming’s the biggest internal link – Outweighs overfishing and pollution. Fortunately, it’s reversible.
“Warming waters pose a huge threat to the world’s coral” By Philip Bump, July 6, 2012, published by Grist, Environmental News. http://grist.org/climate-energy/climate-change/warming-waters-pose-a-huge-threat-to-the-worlds-coral/
For years, researchers have examined ……… news is that they’ve demonstrated their resiliency in the past.
 

C) Weather –
 

Warming causes climate oscillations – Kills millions and disproportionately hurts the poor.
The Weather Channel, “Panel: Climate Change Linked to Extreme Weather,” Updated: March 28, 2012. http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/ipcc-special-report_2012-03-28
WASHINGTON (AP)  Global warming is leading to ……….. weather extremes one of fairness.
 

Contention 3 is Impact Calculus –
 

Countries understand a nuke war would be bad, so they won’t initiate.
Robert Rauchhaus Department of Political Science University of California 09 Sage Journals, “Evaluating the Nuclear Peace Hypothesis: A Quantitative Approach” 2/5/2009http:jcr.sagepub.com/content/53/2/258.full.pdf+html
From the early days of the nuclear revolution, ………. a rather unambiguous prediction.8
 

Even if a nuclear war happened it wouldn't escalate.
C. Paul Robinson 01 (March 22, President and Director Sandia National Laboratories, PhD Physics, Chair of the Policy Committee of the Strategic Advisory Group for the Commander, US Strategic Command, "A White Paper: Pursuing a New NuclearWeapons Policy for the 21st Century", http://www.sandia.gov/media/whitepaper/2001-04-Robinson.htm)
Let me first stress that nuclear arms ………. to help shape and maintain a stable and peaceful world.
 

Nuclear war doesn’t cause extinction – Best data and plausible scenarios prove.
Ball 06 (Desmond, prof at the Strategic and Defense Studies Centre at the Australian National Univ, “The Probabilities of On the Beach: Assessing ‘Armageddon Scenarios’ in the 21st Century,” Working Paper No. 401, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre at The Australian National University, http://rspas.anu.edu.au/papers/sdsc/wp/wp_sdsc_401.pdf)
I argued vigorously with Sagan about …… likelihood, as to underestimate them (e.g., by omitting fallout casualties).
 

Plan: The United States Federal Government should extend the Production Tax Credit for wind energy without a specific expiration date.
 

Contention 4 is Solvency –
 

Even if PTC gets passed in the status quo, it will be short term.
EDF, Environmental Defense Fund, Why We Must Extend The Production Tax Credit For Wind Energy, By Jim Marston | Bio | Published: August 31, 2012
Prior to the August recess, the U.S. Senate Finance ………. when it comes up for a final vote.
 

This short term extension creates uncertainty and stifles the market – 5 reasons.
Dr. Ryan Wiser, Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2007 March 29 “Wind Power and the Production Tax Credit: An Overview of Research Results” Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on ‘Clean Energy:  From the Margins to the Mainstream’ Senate Finance Committee
Though the historical impacts of the ……… for those advanced technologies.
 

Wind power is close to being cost competitive, but the extension of the PTC is key.
Curtis and Patsky 2012 August 14, “Investors Speak Up: We Need To Extend The Wind Production Tax Credit” Think Progress, Curtis is senior vice president of Green Century Capital Management and president of the Green Century Funds; Patsky is Trillium Asset Management’s chief executive officer. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/14/681251/investors-speak-up-we-need-to-extend-the-wind-production-tax-credit/?mobile=nc
Texas is oil country, but in recent years, ……….. And with each day of inaction the problem grows larger.
 

All other alternatives to the PTC are insufficient due to investment uncertainty.
Bolinger et al. November 2007 Ryan Wiser staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Mark Bolinger research scientist in the Electricity Markets and Policy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Galen Barbose  Staff Research Associate in the Electricity Markets and Policy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory “Using the Federal Production Tax Credit to Build a Durable Market for Wind Power in the United States” Electricity Journal Pg. 77 Vol. 20 No. 9 ISSN: 1040-6190
Though the purpose of this article has ………… policies, as well as the alternative uses of the required funds.
 

Scalability will be fast – The wind industry just needs a federal signal.
Clean Technica, 2008, “The "Unlimited" Potential of American Wind Power: AWEA” CleanTechnica is now the #1 most-visited clean energy or cleantech site in the US, according to Compete.com, and in the world, according to Quantcast.com (unless there are some more-visited sites I happen to be completely unaware of). http://cleantechnica.com/2008/04/22/the-unlimited-potential-of-american-wind-power-awea/
The American Wind Energy Association held a press ……… manufacturing jobs will be the first to suffer.
 

Wind power key to energy leadership – Sends international signal.
Rep. Earl Blumenauer, D-Ore. Member, House Ways And Means Committee, 2012 August 7 “Congress Should Extend PTC Immediately” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/should-wind-tax-credit-stay-or.php
The world is in the midst of an …… decades to come by extending the PTC.
 

China will model the US – Cheaper energy technology and leadership spurs a transition.
Revkin 08 Senior Editor of Discover, Staff Writer at the Los Angeles Times, and Senior Writer at the Science Digest [Andrew C., “Skeptics on Human Climate Impact Seize on Cold Spell” The New York Times March 2]
Theories abound over how best …….. by telling China what to do. It has to lead by example.''
 

Electricity production is the largest source of GHG emissions – Wind power alone will substantially slow warming.
EPA, “Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Last Updated June 14, 2012, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
Electricity. Electricity is a significant source of energy in the …… coal will produce more CO2 than oil or natural gas.
 

Sustained effort key – More wind power will make it more cost competitive and spread globally in 4 years.
Bloomberg 11 (10/11, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, “Onshore wind energy to reach parity with fossil-fuel electricity by 2016” http://bnef.com/PressReleases/view/172)
London and New York, 10 November 2011 – The cost of electricity from onshore wind turbines will drop 12% in the next five years thanks to a mix …….., would bring forward the timing of grid parity for wind.
 

Wind power reduces GHG emissions by half.
Greenpeace 06 (“Wind Power Key to Fight Climate Change,” September 20, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/wind-power-key-to-fight-climat)
Over a third of the world's electricity - crucially including ………. economic situation for many decades to come."
 

Baseload power is not an issue – We can supply 80% of electricity generation.
Bump 12 Philip Bump, staff writer, Grist, 6/19/12, “Yes, the economy could soon run on (mostly) renewable power,” http://grist.org/news/yes-the-economy-could-soon-run-on-mostly-renewable-power/
Along the Pennsylvania Turnpike, a series of ……. transition to a renewable-heavy energy infrastructure.

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
1AC

Contention 1 is Warming –

Warming is real and it’s happening now – 20 independent indicators.
“Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Summary of Findings” Published by Nick Sundt on Tue, 04/27/2010 - 13:34, World Wildlife Fund Climate Blog, citing the 2010 EPA Report on Climate Change, http://www.wwfblogs.org/climate/content/epa-climate-change-indicators-keyfindings-apr2010
The evidence of climate change is growing all around us.  In this ………., consistent with rising inland temperatures.

Anthropogenic CO2 is the cause – All other natural factors and alternate causalities are considered.
The New York Times, Richard A. Mueller, July 28, 2012, “The Conversion of a Climate Change Skeptic” Richard A. Muller, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and a former MacArthur Foundation fellow, is the author, most recently, of “Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=1andpagewanted=all
CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago ………… rise and the known greenhouse gas increase.

The consensus is settled and skeptics are paid off.
Lewandowsky and Ashley 6/24/11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,” http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)
Certainty in science If you ask a scientist whether ……. evidence that the Australian media has tragically and thoroughly failed the Australian public.

Err on the side of climate change, even if the science is debatable, because of its irreversibility.
Sunstein 07 Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Law School of the University of Chicago (Cass R., “Worst-Case Scenarios”, Harvard University Press
Most worst-case scenarios appear to have an element of……….. measures than would otherwise seem justified.

Warming is an existential threat.
Mazo 10 – PhD in Paleoclimatology from UCLA, Jeffrey Mazo, Managing Editor, Survival and Research Fellow for Environmental Security and Science Policy at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London, 3-2010, “Climate Conflict: How global warming threatens security and what to do about it,” pg. 122
The best estimates for global warming to the end……… cultural and political changes.

Ocean acidity caused by CO2 will destroy oceans – It’s the biggest threat and happening quicker.
By Kristen Gelineau, Associated Press. Times, “Official: Ocean Acidity Biggest Threat to Coral Reefs” July 9, 2012. Read more: http://ecocentric.blogs.time.com/2012/07/09/official-ocean-acidity-biggest-threat-to-coral-reefs/#ixzz21TS4k7GV
(SYDNEY) — Ocean acidification has emerged as one of the biggest threats ……..change simply because it’s a big atmosphere and it’s a big ocean.”

Ocean destruction will ensure planetary extinction.
Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN
Biodiversity and ecosystem function arguments ……..the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Wind power key to energy leadership – Sends international signal.
Rep. Earl Blumenauer, D-Ore. Member, House Ways And Means Committee, 2012 August 7 “Congress Should Extend PTC Immediately” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/should-wind-tax-credit-stay-or.php
The world is in the midst of ……. come by extending the PTC.

China will model the US – Cheaper energy technology and leadership spurs a transition.
Revkin 08 Senior Editor of Discover, Staff Writer at the Los Angeles Times, and Senior Writer at the Science Digest Andrew C., “Skeptics on Human Climate Impact Seize on Cold Spell” The New York Times March 2
Theories abound over how best to help China embrace emissions-reducing policies. One way, many scientists and scholars say, … telling China what to do. It has to lead by example.'' 

Electricity production is the largest source of GHG emissions – Wind power alone will substantially slow warming.
EPA, “Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” Last Updated June 14, 2012, http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html
Electricity. Electricity is a significant ………. coal will produce more CO2 than oil or natural gas.

Wind power reduces GHG emissions by half.
Greenpeace 06 (“Wind Power Key to Fight Climate Change,” September 20, http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/wind-power-key-to-fight-climat)
Over a third of the world's ……… economic situation for many decades to come."

Contention 2 is Economy –

Failure to extend a long-term PTC ensures massive job loss and investor flight.
Granholm 12 (Jennifer, former governor of Michigan, visiting public policy and law professor at UC Berkeley, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0412/74966.html, Acc: 8/1/12)
Except the country could lose 37,000 ……… and Latin America for their products.

This spills over to other parts of the economy.
Philip Warburg, Environmental Lawyer and president of the Conservation Law Foundation, 2012 Harvest the Wind: America’s Journey to Jobs, Energy Independence, and Climate Stability, Beacon Press, Boston P. 95, http://www.csrwire.com/blog/posts/447-wind-power-real-energy-real-jobs
Under the 20% Wind Energy by 2030 scenario, ………. while creating hundreds of thousands of new, skill-based jobs – isn’t this a path worth taking?

Sustaining US job growth is key to the US Economy – Collapse would go global.
AP, 7-24-12 (“Another global recession on the horizon?”) http://washingtonexaminer.com/global-economy-in-worst-shape-since-2009/article/feed/2014493#.UH9JHoZn_9o
One growing concern about the global economy ……… economy falls off the so-called fiscal cliff.

Failure to extend will tank the manufacturing industry.
BusinessWire 12/12/11 (New Study: Wind Energy Success Story at Risk with 54,000 American Jobs in the Balance,  http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111212005589/en/Study-Wind-Energy-Success-Story-Risk-54000)
“American manufacturing jobs are coming ……….the PTC effectively expires at the end of this year.

Manufacturing industry key to the economy.
President’s Jobs Council 11 (President’s Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, “Road Map to Renewal,” 2011 Year-End Report, http://files.jobs-council.com/files/2012/01/JobsCouncil_2011YearEndReportWeb.pdf)
The complacent-about-manufacturing line …….. and the fundamentals of economic stability. 

Economic collapse causes global nuclear war.
Merlini, Senior Fellow – Brookings, 11 Cesare Merlini, nonresident senior fellow at the Center on the United States and Europe and chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Italian Institute for International Affairs (IAI) in Rome. He served as IAI president from 1979 to 2001. Until 2009, he also occupied the position of executive vice chairman of the Council for the United States and Italy, which he co-founded in 1983. His areas of expertise include transatlantic relations, European integration and nuclear non-proliferation, with particular focus on nuclear science and technology. A Post-Secular World?  DOI: 10.1080/00396338.2011.571015 Article Requests: Order Reprints : Request Permissions Published in: journal Survival, Volume 53, Issue 2 April 2011 , pages 117 - 130 Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year  Download PDF Download PDF (357 KB)     View Related Articles  To cite this Article: Merlini, Cesare 'A Post-Secular World?', Survival, 53:2, 117 – 130
Two neatly opposed scenarios for the future of the ………..unbridled nationalism.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should extend the Production Tax Credit for wind energy without a specific expiration date.

Contention 3 is Solvency –

Even if PTC gets passed in the status quo, it will be short term.
EDF, Environmental Defense Fund, Why We Must Extend The Production Tax Credit For Wind Energy, By Jim Marston | Bio | Published: August 31, 2012
Prior to the August recess, ……… and the PTC extension when it comes up for a final vote.

This short term extension creates uncertainty and stifles the market – 5 reasons.
Dr. Ryan Wiser, Scientist, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 2007 March 29 “Wind Power and the Production Tax Credit: An Overview of Research Results” Testimony Prepared for a Hearing on ‘Clean Energy:  From the Margins to the Mainstream’ Senate Finance Committee  
Though the historical impacts of the ……. in the future domestic market demand for those advanced technologies.

Wind power is close to being cost competitive, but the extension of the PTC is key.
Curtis and Patsky 2012 August 14, “Investors Speak Up: We Need To Extend The Wind Production Tax Credit” Think Progress, Curtis is senior vice president of Green Century Capital Management and president of the Green Century Funds; Patsky is Trillium Asset Management’s chief executive officer. http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/08/14/681251/investors-speak-up-we-need-to-extend-the-wind-production-tax-credit/?mobile=nc
Texas is oil country, but in recent years, another ……… of inaction the problem grows larger.

All other alternatives to the PTC are insufficient due to investment uncertainty.
Bolinger et al. November 2007 Ryan Wiser staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Mark Bolinger research scientist in the Electricity Markets and Policy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Galen Barbose  Staff Research Associate in the Electricity Markets and Policy Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory “Using the Federal Production Tax Credit to Build a Durable Market for Wind Power in the United States” Electricity Journal Pg. 77 Vol. 20 No. 9 ISSN: 1040-6190
Though the purpose of this article has not ………. alternative uses of the required funds. 

Scalability will be fast – The wind industry just needs a federal signal.
Clean Technica, 2008, “The "Unlimited" Potential of American Wind Power: AWEA” CleanTechnica is now the #1 most-visited clean energy or cleantech site in the US, according to Compete.com, and in the world, according to Quantcast.com (unless there are some more-visited sites I happen to be completely unaware of). http://cleantechnica.com/2008/04/22/the-unlimited-potential-of-american-wind-power-awea/
The American Wind Energy Association held a press conference today (4/21/08) to ……… and manufacturing jobs will be the first to suffer.

Sustained effort key – More wind power will make it more cost competitive and spread globally in 4 years.
Bloomberg 11 (10/11, Bloomberg New Energy Finance, “Onshore wind energy to reach parity with fossil-fuel electricity by 2016” http://bnef.com/PressReleases/view/172)
London and New York, 10 November 2011 – The cost of electricity from onshore wind turbines will drop 12% in the next five years thanks to a mix of lower-cost equipment and gains in output efficiency, according to new research from Bloomberg New Energy …… of gas, which will consequently raise the cost of energy of gas-fired turbines, would bring forward the timing of grid parity for wind.

Baseload power is not an issue – We can supply 80% of electricity generation.
Bump 12 Philip Bump, staff writer, Grist, 6/19/12, “Yes, the economy could soon run on (mostly) renewable power,” http://grist.org/news/yes-the-economy-could-soon-run-on-mostly-renewable-power/
Along the Pennsylvania Turnpike, a series of ……….. to a renewable-heavy energy infrastructure.

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2. GOP likes the plan.
Nick Richter July 19, 2012, “Nextera Energy CEO Calls For Five-Year Extension Of Wind Tax Credit: ‘Hitting A Cliff Isn’t Smart’” Think Progress, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/07/19/547521/nextera-energy-ceo-calls-for-five-year-extension-of-wind-tax-credit-hitting-a-cliff-isnt-smart/
Other conservative supporters of the PTC ……. for clean energy and environmental protection.

4. Impact defense –
Impacts to the cliff are overstated
Preble 12
Christopher Preble is the vice president for defense and foreign-policy studies at the Cato Institute, Let Sequestration Happen July 17, 2012 http://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-skeptics/let-sequestration-happen-7204
Sequestration likely won’t be as bad as special …….. weather reduced government spending.

No escalation.
Maloney, Brookings, 7 Suzanne, Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy, International Herald Tribune Why the Iraq War Won't Engulf the Mideast  Iraq, Middle East, Islamic World, Civil War  Ray Takeyh, Fellow Steven A. Cook, Fellow  June 28, 2007 http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/maloney20070629.htm

Yet, the Saudis, Iranians, Jordanians, Syrians, ……… conflicts from enveloping the entire Middle East.

7. Plan is bipartisan.
AJC, By Kristi E. Swartz, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Updated: 5:12 p.m. Tuesday, June 5, 2012 | Posted: 4:02 p.m. Tuesday, June 5, 2012, “Wind energy tax credit has bipartisan support, Rove, Gibbs say” http://www.ajc.com/news/business/wind-energy-tax-credit-has-bipartisan-support-rove/nQWKc/
The wind energy industry argues that the rapid ………. adviser to President George W. Bush.

8. Winners win—winning on controversial issues is key to Obama’s agenda
Jonathan Singer, JD candidate at Berkeley and editor of MyDD, 3-3-09, http://www.mydd.com/story/2009/3/3/191825/0428

Peter Hart gets at a key point. Some believe that political …… to energy reform to ending the war in Iraq.

9. Plan will be spun as a tax prevention.
Trabish 12 (Herman, The Wind Beat: 1603 and the PTC for Keystone XL?, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/the-wind-beat-1603-and-the-ptc-for-keystone-xl/)
Another line of reasoning would ………. Norquist pledge never to do it.

Tournament: GSU | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2. Cap and trade outsources US jobs and leads to carbon leakage – Killing manufacturing industries and causing more emissions.
The Wall Street Journal 3-30-09 Cap and Trade War (http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123837276242467853.html)
But give Mr. Chu credit for candor. He had ……….. to use energy less efficiently than does the U.S.

3. Plan eliminates the stigma associated with carbon emissions – means emissions would rise
Danhof 08 Research Associate with The National Center for Public Policy Research in Washington Justin, 7-16, CSM, Why cap and trade could backfire (http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0716/p09s02-coop.html)
Environmentalists claim that capping greenhouse-gas emissions and creating ………… a price to them, it may not like the results.

6. Extending the PTC boosts jobs – Key to the economy.
Learner (Executive Director, Environmental Law and Policy Center) 8/6
(Howard A., Tax Credit Garners Bipartisan Support, http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/should-wind-tax-credit-stay-or.php?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+njgroup-energy+%28Energy+%26+Environment+Experts~-~-Q+with+Answer+Previews%29)
Extending the PTC is a jobs bill. Over the last two years, the ………. as we all know, “it don’t come easy.”

Economic collapse causes global war.
Walter Russell Mead, the Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, February 4, 2009, “Only Makes You Stronger,” The New Republic
History may suggest that financial crises actually ………..on track, we may still have to fight. 

Cap and trade would cost political capital
McQuaid 8-4-08 John, "Paying lip service to cap-and-trade" http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/04/carbonemissions.uselections2008
Obama's cap-and-trade programme, meanwhile, is more ……….. both water it down and lard it up with special interest exemptions.

Tournament: USC | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1 is Warming –

Warming is real and it’s happening now – 20 independent indicators.
“Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Summary of Findings” Published by Nick Sundt on Tue, 04/27/2010 - 13:34, World Wildlife Fund Climate Blog, citing the 2010 EPA Report on Climate Change, http://www.wwfblogs.org/climate/content/epa-climate-change-indicators-keyfindings-apr2010
The evidence of climate change is growing all around us.  In this ………., consistent with rising inland temperatures.

Anthropogenic CO2 is the cause – All other natural factors and alternate causalities are considered.
The New York Times, Richard A. Mueller, July 28, 2012, “The Conversion of a Climate Change Skeptic” Richard A. Muller, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and a former MacArthur Foundation fellow, is the author, most recently, of “Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=1andpagewanted=all
CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago ………… rise and the known greenhouse gas increase.

The consensus is settled and skeptics are paid off.
Lewandowsky and Ashley 6/24/11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,” http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)
Certainty in science If you ask a scientist whether ……. evidence that the Australian media has tragically and thoroughly failed the Australian public.

Err on the side of climate change, even if the science is debatable, because of its irreversibility.
Sunstein 07 Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Law School of the University of Chicago (Cass R., “Worst-Case Scenarios”, Harvard University Press
Most worst-case scenarios appear to have an element of……….. measures than would otherwise seem justified.

Warming causes a planetary die-off – Geological history, ozone, positive feedback, and ocean acidification.
Bushnell 10 – Dennis, Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010
During the Permian extinction, a number of ……….. so, as dire as the forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative.

Ocean destruction will ensure planetary extinction.
Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN
Biodiversity and ecosystem function ……..the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Ozone depletion risks extinction.
Greenpeace 95 "Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer" http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html
The ozone layer around the Earth ……….. the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.

Status quo renewables all fail – Airborne Wind Energy revolutionizes energy production and goes global.
Fagiano 09
LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009, http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/Fagiano2009.pdf jchen
The dependance of the global energy ……… are organized  in the next Chapters as follows.

Airborne wind technology alone can solve global power demand by 100 times with minimal environmental side effects. Prefer our evidence it’s peer-reviewed.
Science Daily, 9/9/12, “Enough Wind to Power Global Energy Demand: New Research Examines Limits, Climate Consequences” http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120909150446.htm
Sep. 9, 2012 — There is enough energy available in ……… rather than geophysical limitations," Caldeira said.

China will model the US – Cheaper energy technology and leadership spurs a transition.
Revkin 08 Senior Editor of Discover, Staff Writer at the Los Angeles Times, and Senior Writer at the Science Digest Andrew C., “Skeptics on Human Climate Impact Seize on Cold Spell” The New York Times March 2
Theories abound over how best to help China embrace ………….what to do. It has to lead by example.''

Contention 2 is Grid –

Energy disruptions inevitable – Accidents, storms, energy trading, and cyber-terror.
Hildyard et al 12
(Nicholas, The Corner House - U.K. research and advocacy group focusing on human rights, the environment, and development, Larry Lohmann and Sarah Sexton.12 Energy Security For Whom? For What? February 2012, http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy%20Security%20For%20Whom%20For%20What.pdf)
By the same token, the more that an energy system …….. generators magnify such “cyber-security” and data protection challenges.

Airborn wind solves distributed energy generation.
Cahoon 11
Troy L. Cahoon, BSE Captain, USAF, thesis in fulfillment of Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering, March 2011, Air Force Institute of Technology, “AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY: IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN FOR THE U.S. AIR FORCE”, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a539255.pdf jchen
A fourth advantage that the Airborne Wind Energy could provide is ……. also be well out of reach of   most ground-based threats.

Distributed generation via airborn wind solves cascading failures and ensures power for critical infrastructure.
Andres and Loudermilk 12 Richard B. Andres, PhD, is Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and Senior Fellow and Chair of the Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University. Micah J. Loudermilk is Senior Research Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy Program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, contracted through ASE, Inc. “National Security and Distributed Power Generation” No. 24, Sep 2012 http://livebettermagazine.com/eng/magazine/article_detail.lasso?id=352and-session=user_pref:42F9487313cd739475NXKWN2440B
TODAY, PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES ……. facilitate restoring regional grids after a large scale failure.

Modernization of the grid deters attacks and prevents attacks effectiveness.
NETL 07 (National Energy Technology Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, “MODERN GRID BENEFITS” August 2007 http://www.netl.doe.gov/smartgrid/referenceshelf/whitepapers/Modern%20Grid%20Benefits_Final_v1_0.pdf)
A Center for Contemporary Conflict white paper estimates ………. to attack makes it better able to cope with natural disasters. 

Blackouts lead to chemical plant explosions – Outweighs nuclear war.
Latynina 2003 Yulia Latynina, journalist for Novaya Gazeta World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 11) www.worldpress.org/Americas/1579.cfm
The scariest thing about the cascading power outages ……. a cascading outage of the entire grid system.

Independently, grid collapse leads to 71 nuclear meltdowns.
Goldes 11 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germanyfor US Air Force, “SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE” http://www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html
A map of the USA on the Aesop Institute ……… multi-trillion dollar, planet wide nightmare!

No intervening actors for the meltdowns.
AP 11 Associated Press 3-29-11 Nuclear power plants in U.S. vulnerable to power outages, study shows  , http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2011/03/nuclear_power_plants_in_us_vul.html
Long before the nuclear emergency in …… not have been swept away by tsunami."

Don’t trust their impact defense – We’ve been lucky to avoid collapse.
NRDC, Natural Resource Defense Council, 2011. What if the Fukushima nuclear fallout crisis had happened here? http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/fallout/
A future severe nuclear accident at a …….. be high in a severe nuclear accident.

Fukushima doesn’t empirically deny our impact – US reactors outweigh in magnitude.
Wald 11 Matthew L. Wald is a reporter at The New York Times Risk From Spent Nuclear Reactor Fuel Is Greater in U.S. Than in Japan, Study Says  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/25/business/energy-environment/25nuke.html
The threat of a catastrophic ……… Fukushima reactors combined, the report notes.

Nuclear meltdowns cause extinction.
Matsumura 12 Akio Matsumura is a renowned diplomat, he is Secretary General of the Global Forum of Spiritual and Parliamentary Leaders on Human Survival with conferences held in Oxford, Moscow, Rio de Janeiro, Kyoto, and Konya¶ Fukushima Daiichi Site: Cesium-137 is 85 times greater than at Chernobyl Accident¶ http://akiomatsumura.com/2012/04/682.html
I asked top spent-fuel pools expert Mr. Robert ……….power plants. This is an issue of human survival.

Outweighs U.S.-Russia war.
Goldes 11 Nov 23, 2011 Mark Goldes Former Research Fellow at Brandeis University is Founder of the Aesop Institute. Formerly Senior Director of the Berlin Corridor control radar in Germany for US Air Force ¶ “SOLAR MEGASTORMS can GENERATE a GLOBAL NUCLEAR NIGHTMARE” www.opednews.com/articles/SOLAR-MEGASTORMS-can-GENER-by-Mark-Goldes-111119-448.html AD 10/25/12
We face a severe potential emergency. External threats …….. the specific year. This entire 11 year sunspot cycle should be of concern.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should substantially increase funding for a competitive matching fund for airborne wind energy production in the United States. The United States Federal Government should reduce airspace restrictions on airborne wind energy production in the United States. 

Contention 3 is Solvency –

Tech is feasible now – But only federal support solves rapid scale up potential.
Wind Daily 12 Wind Daily 9/13/12, “High-altitude winds have large potential as a source of clean energy”, http://www.winddaily.com/reports/High_altitude_winds_have_large_potential_as_a_source_of_clean_energy_999.html jchen
Airborne wind energy-an emerging approach to harnessing …….. any particular technology or approach.

Airspace restrictions destroy commercial testing and viability – Removal is key.
Leggett 12 Nickolaus E. Leggett, Masters degree in political science from Johns Hopkins, licensed pilot for hot-air balloons, gliders, and single-engine airplanes, certified electronics technician (ISCET and iNARTE) and an Extra Class amateur radio operator (call sign N3NL), testimony to the FAA, “To the Federal Aviation Administration: Formal Comments of Nickolaus E. Leggett” 1/29/12
Near-Term Experimental Operation of AWES Prototypes ……. here and so a fairly liberal testing environment is needed.

Airborne wind solves intermittency, NIMBY and space problems of conventional wind – But government investment is key.
Dave Levitan is a freelance journalist based in Philadelphia who writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Reuters, SolveClimate, IEEE Spectrum, and Psychology Today, 9/24/12, “High-Altitude Wind Energy: Huge Potential — And Hurdles”, http://e360.yale.edu/content/print.msp?id=2576 jchen
The wind turbines that increasingly dot the landscape peak at ……… keeps standard turbines facing into the wind as wind direction changes.

Competitive Matching Fund solves commercialization.
Bronstein 11 Max G. Bronstein, graduate of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. He holds a Masters of public policy and a certificate in science, technology, and public policy, Science Assistant in the Office of the Director at the National Science Foundation, held positions at with the House Committee on Science and Technology, the National Institutes of Health, and the University of Michigan Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 78, Issue 4, May 2011, Pages 736–746, “Harnessing rivers of wind: A technology and policy assessment of highaltitudewind power in the U.S.”, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162510002209 jchen
Discussion and policy recommendations This technology ………. funding for the program is uncertain.

Global scalability within years – Basic tech is already here.
Fagiano 09 LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009, http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/Fagiano2009.pdf jchen
Thus, high–altitude wind energy could bring …….. in various engineering fields.

It’s cost-competitive.
North, last cites source from 2008 David North, aerospace engineer in the Space Mission. Analysis Branch at the NASA Langley Research Center, “High Altitude Wind Power”,  High Altitude Wind Power. Hampton: NASA Langley Research Center, http://awtdata.webs.com/annotatedbibliography.htm#597066883 jchen
3. Lower cost – Kites, being a simple tensile .,………. compared to current costs of 5 to 12 cents per kilowatt hour.

Tournament: USC | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Perm do both – Double solvency. QER itself won’t solve, and permutation resolves the link.
   The Energy Collective, 9/28/11, “DOE Releases First Quadrennial Technology Review” http://theenergycollective.com/alextrembath/66157/doe-releases-first-quadrennial-technology-review
   But there are also important elements ……….ambitious and fruitful policy dialogue.

2. Delay DA –

A) Takes at least a year.
Moniz ’12 (Ernest Moniz, Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physics and Engineering Systems and Director of the Energy Initiative at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Former Clinton Administration Under Secretary of the Department of Energy and as Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy ; serves on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, 11/15/11, Quadrennial Energy and Technology Reviews, web.mit.edu/mitei/views/testimony/111115-quadrennial-energy-and-technology-reviews.html)
S.1703 would legislate the QER as a ………… and pursued aggressively in 2012.

E) They allow fossil fuels to burn longer, which causes air pollution. The impact is systemic – thousands die annually.
Knight 2k Danielle, IPS, October 17 http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/plant.htm
US: Thousands die annually from ……. and upper and lower respiratory problems each year.

3. Will not be implemented – Congress is busy and recommendations don’t translate to policy.
Barlas ’12 (Stephen, Columnist @ Financial Executive, 1/1, Lexis)
But it is highly unlikely that Obama's blueprint …………. foreign petroleum features business versus business.

6. Links to politics – 

B) The president will be blamed for agency actions.
Wallison 03 Peter, resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, 1/12/2003, The Washington Post, p. lexis
Control over independent regulatory agencies ……….Harvey Pitt's resignation as SEC chairman in November

7. Perm do the plan through the recommendation. This is legitimate because we do the whole affirmative and use the counterplan as the means of implementation. And it competes –

A) Resolved doesn’t denote certainty: the phrase after the colon is more important
Webster’s Guide to Grammar and Writing – 2K
http://ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/marks/colon.htm
Use of a colon before a ……….. the clause after the colon with a capital letter.

B) Should means “ought to”
American Heritage Dictionary 2004
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=should
should    ( P )   aux.v. Past tense of shall  Used to express obligation ………. the source of the spoken contraction should've. See Usage Note at if. See Usage Note at rather. See Usage Note at shall.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. CO2-induced warming will destroy food production  - Outweighs fertilization effects. Experts agree.
   Justin Gillis, Editor @ NYT, 6-11-2011, “A Warming Planet Struggles to Feed Itself,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/05/science/earth/05harvest.html?pagewanted=1and_r=1
   Now, the latest scientific research suggests......have to get the science lined up to provide these answers,” Dr. Rosenzweig said.

2. CO2 destroys agriculture – Limiting factors, soil runoff, photosynthesis, nutrition, deserts, and pests. Negative studies are hacks and can’t be replicated in open.
“More Carbon Dioxide is not necessarily good for plants.” Skeptical Science. Skeptical Science is maintained by John Cook, the Climate Communication Fellow for the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland. He studied physics at the University of Queensland, Australia. After graduating, he majored in solar physics in his post-grad honours year. 18 April 2011. http://www.skepticalscience.com/Increasing-Carbon-Dioxide-is-not-good-for-plants.html
An argument, made by those who deny man made Global Warming, is that......controlled, enclosed spaces like greenhouses.

3. Increased CO2 will only benefit zombie weeds – Destroys agriculture.
“Climate change could cause ‘zombie weeds’,” By Rachel Cernansky, Grist – Environmental News, June 14 2012, http://grist.org/industrial-agriculture/climate-change-could-cause-zombie-weeds/
According to research published last month in the journal....by the change in CO2.”

4. Higher atmospheric CO2 means less is taken in by plants.
Robert Strom, Prof. Planetary Science @ U of Arizona, “Hot House,” 2007, p. 123
It has been suggested that the increase in C02 will be......in less C02 uptake by plants, not more.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
3. Here’s the exact text of FAA restrictions – restrictions block turbine testing, airborn wind above 499 feet, and commercialization of aerial wind energy.
Federal Register ’11, 12/7/12, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-12-07/xml/FR-2011-12-07.xml
Given the altitudes that these structures can operate.....as a guide, as some portions may be applicable.)

5. Eviscerates tech development and commercialization –jet stream k2 effective study.
Cahoon 11
Troy L. Cahoon, BSE Captain, USAF, thesis in fulfillment of Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautical Engineering, March 2011, Air Force Institute of Technology, “AIRBORNE WIND ENERGY: IMPLEMENTATION AND DESIGN FOR THE U.S. AIR FORCE”, http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a539255.pdf jchen
2.2. Planetary Boundary Layer   The wind resource at......determine the best altitude for their   AWE system.

8. Only federal action will send a national signal and raise awareness on warming – Key to spillovers.
“Top U.S. Science Official: ‘Climate Change Is Under Way…It’s Having Consequences In Real Time’” By Stephen Lacey on Jul 6, 2012 at 10:15 am, Stephen Lacey is a reporter/blogger for Climate Progress, where he writes on clean energy policy, technologies, and finance. Before joining CP, he was an editor/producer with RenewableEnergyWorld.com. He received his B.A. in journalism from Franklin Pierce University. Climate Progress, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/07/06/511724/top-us-science-official-climate-change-is-underwayits-having-consequences-in-real-time/?mobile=nc
However, even while officials draw the connection.....climate scientists about the problem.

9. States fail – Restricted budgets means containment provisions get enacted – that crushes certainty.
Jenkins et al, 04-12 Jesse Jenkins, Director of Energy and Climate Policy, Breakthrough Institute Mark Muro, Senior Fellow, Metropolitan Policy Program, Brookings Institution Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger, Cofounders, Breakthrough Institute Letha Tawney, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute Alex Trembath, Policy Associate, Breakthrough Institute, "Beyond Boom and Bust: Putting Clean Tech on a Path to Subsidy Independence," p.  25, thebreakthrough.org/blog/Beyond_Boom_and_Bust.pdf, 04-12, access date: 8-17-12
While wind power will continue to benefit from mandates requiring......opportunities for renewables.51

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
2—Financial incentives require the disbursement of public funds – excludes regulations with incentive effects and bailouts
Webb, 93 – lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Ottawa (Kernaghan, “Thumbs, Fingers, and Pushing on String: Legal Accountability in the Use of Federal Financial Incentives”, 31 Alta. L. Rev. 501 (1993) Hein Online)
In this paper, "financial incentives" are taken to.....programs are assistance, but they are not incentives.

3—Restriction means more than regulation - requires a regulation that restrains
Words and Phrases '04 vol 37A
Mo. 1947. "Restriction" means more than "regulation" and is a regulation .......204 S.W.2d 276, 356 Mo. 832

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Anthropocentrism key to survival.
Kyung-sig Hwang 03, Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Seoul National University "Apology for Environmental Anthropocentrism," Asian Bioethics in the 21st Century, http://eubios.info/ABC4/abc4304.htm
While our ability to affect the future is immense, our ability.....essential is the process of human evolution.

Eco-radical alternatives fail and destroy all life on Earth - we must act pragmatically to save nature
Lewis 92 Professor of Geography at George Washington University Martin "Green Delusions"
But unlike the youth of today, few eco-radicls are cynics....if we really wish to save the earth.

Only anthropocentric view gives meaning to environmental collapse.
William Grey, M.A. in Philosophy, 93, "Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology," 71 Australiasian Journal of Philosophy 4, http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html
A great deal of hyperbole has been deployed.....our biotic co-existents.

The public functions in anthropocentric framework - rejection of anthropocentrism prevents the alternative from gaining necessary public support.
Andrew Light, 02, Associate professor of philosophy and environmental policy, Director of the Center for Global Ethics at George Mason U "Contemporary Environmental Ethics from Metaethics to Public Philosophy," July, Metaphilosophy 33.4, Ebsco
It is the empirically demonstrable.......but this one will be certain.

Weak anthropocentrism can encourage concern for the environment.
Michael Fox, Philosophy @ Queens (Canada), Summer 1987 (Environmental Ethics Vol. 9, No. 2) p177-178
What are the implications of all this value talk for.......consequences for the nonhuman environment.

Kritiks of anthropocentrism are internally contradictory - they claim humans are both a part of and apart from nature
William Grey, M.A. in Philosophy, 93, "Anthropocentrism and Deep Ecology," 71 Australiasian Journal of Philosophy 4, http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/anthropocentrism.html
There are several very plausible elements.......our actions are nevertheless unnatural.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Growth inevitable

A) Politics
Brown ‘98
Brown, President of World Watch Institute, 1998 Lester Brown 1998 President, Worldwatch Institute, STATE OF THE WORLD , p.4.
The ideology of growth knows no geo-graphic boundaries.  It has permeated every.....enormity of this task is matched only by its urgency.

B) Human nature
Allenby ‘7
(Brad, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Arizona State University, “The Benefits of Our Hardwired Need to Consume,” GreenBiz.com, March 7, 2007, http://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2007/03/08/the-benefits-our-hardwired-need-consume, AD: 7-6-9) BL
That humans are inclined to make choices.....change, regardless of their good intentions.

Growth sustainable—market drives innovation.
Norberg ‘3
(Johan Norberg, senior fellow at the Cato Institute, Defense of Global Capitalism, p. 233-234)
It is a mistake, then, to believe that ......resource will never be exhausted.

Transition war.
Alexander 8/6 Dr. Samuel Alexander is co-director of the Simplicity Institute and a lecturer in ‘Consumerism and Sustainability’ at the Office for Environmental Programs, University of Melbourne. Aug 6, 2012 Degrowth, Expensive Oil, and the New Economics of Energy http://simplicitycollective.com/degrowth-expensive-oil-and-the-new-economics-of-energy
Needless to say, the powers that be are......and Leach, 2010; Alexander, 2011c).

Growth is key to space colonization.
Becerra 2K – Lawyer (Robert, “The Ultimate Real Estate Deal”, April 4, http://www.space.com/opinionscolumns/opinions/becerra_000405.html)
What then will be the engine of growth.....ingenuity and, perhaps, lives to reach.

Extinction.
Gangale 7 aerospace engineer and a former Air Force officer. He is currently the executive director at OPS-Alaska, a think tank based in Petaluma, where he manages projects in political science and international relations. He is the author of From the Primaries to the Polls: How to Repair America's Broken Presidential Nomination Process (Thomas, “A Progressive Vision of Human Space Exploration--Important to California, a Leader in Aerospace and High Tech” http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/2007/12/a_progressive_v.html)
Developing a spacefaring culture is a matter of survival, not......keeping the Great Machine running is obvious.

Eco-socialism fails.
Nicholas Low, Architecture @ Melbourne, 02, "Ecosocialisation and environmental planning" Environment and Planning A: 34, p. 50-51
The problem for capitalism, O'Connor thinks, is that.....mode of economic life.

Green commodification helps combat capitalism - Tying consumption explicitly to environmental impact demystifies commodity relationships.
Patricia Allen and Martin Kovach, Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems UC Santa Cruz, 2k, Agriculture and Human Values 17, p. 226
It would be ironic to suggest that......weakening commodity fetishism.

Reformist narrative in international climate solutions creates better results than pure radical kritik.
Karin Backstrand, Poli Sci @ Lund (Sweden) and Eva Lovbrand, Postdoctoral Fellow Politics @ Lund, 07, in The Social Construction of Climate Change, ed. Mary Pettenger, p. 134-136
The Reformist Discourse In contrast to its radical cousin, the....North-South equity (Ott et al 2004).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Turn - Connecting climate security discourse to renewable energy policy and multilateral action shifts the paradigm of security from competitive to genuine cooperation.
   Hugh Dyer, School of Politics and International Studies @ Leeds, 08, "The Political Significance of 'Energy Security' and 'Climate Security'" Paper presented at British International Studies Association 33rd Annual Conference http://www.bisa.ac.uk/2008/pps/Dyer.pdf
   Assumptions of structure Here we want to map.......context in which they act.

2. Greening climate geopolitics is better than trying to abandon security.
Simon Dalby, Geography @ Carleton 03, in A Companion to Political Geography, ed. John Agnew p. 450-451
In much of the contemporary literature....distant rural communities.

3. On balance benefits of climate security discourse outweigh risk of cooptation.
Hugh Dyer, School of Politics and International Studies @ Leeds, 08, "The Political Significance of 'Energy Security' and 'Climate Security'" Paper presented at British International Studies Association 33rd Annual Conference http://www.bisa.ac.uk/2008/pps/Dyer.pdf
These recent climate and energy security terms......energy and climate security.

4. Reject their impact framing.
Hugh Dyer, School of Politics and International Studies @ Leeds, 08, "The Political Significance of 'Energy Security' and 'Climate Security'" Paper presented at British International Studies Association 33rd Annual Conference http://www.bisa.ac.uk/2008/pps/Dyer.pdf
Hierarchy is an abiding problem, and one which may remain......throwing the baby out with the bathwater.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Contention 1 is Communities 

Energy is everything, the entire universe. Our lives and bodies both generate and produce energy. The question is towards what end do we produce that energy? How do we generate the material resources necessary for massive social change? Van Jones offers an answer…
Van Jones (the incredible dude who Kerpen fucked over, interviewed by the Public Rhetorics and Permanent War research collective) 9
(Mirpuri, A., Feldman, K. P. and Roberts, G. M., Antiracism and Environmental Justice in an Age of Neoliberalism: An Interview with Van Jones. Antipode, 41: 401–415)
PRPW: We've been asking scholars, artists, and.....learn about how other sectors of society work.

We find the specific manifestation of Van Jones’ call in the Evergreen Cooperative’s Ohio Solar Project.
Inner city Cleveland is the model that forges connections between academia, global cooperatives, and direct local empowerment
Arterian (Capital Institute) 12
(Susan, The Field Guide to Investing in a Resilient Economy: Cleveland’s Evergreen Cooperatives, Apr 10, http://www.csrwire.com/blog/posts/364-the-field-guide-to-investing-in-a-resilient-economy-clevelands-evergreen-cooperatives#)
Cooperation Out of Collaboration  The Evergreen Cooperatives......aspirations: “The eyes of America are upon us. We have to make this work.”

This model is being taken up by other oppressed communities like Dorchester, Boston but a lack of funding prevents them from getting off the ground. Energy cooperatives are crucial to shift existing movements away from defensive environmental justice activism into actual empowerment
Giancatarino (Coordinator for Research and Advocacy, Center for Social Inclusion) 12
(Anthony, Community Innovation In Boston, August, http://www.centerforsocialinclusion.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Boston-ESCO-Case-Study.pdf)
Communities of color have been environmental.....develop  the  project, which  limits  her ability  to   move it forward. 

Plan: The United States federal government should offer all necessary financial support for non-profit community-based wind cooperatives in the United States.

Contention 2 is Labor

A transition to renewable energy is inevitable but the question who gets the profit and who benefits from that energy will be one of the most important factors giving shape to our future economies, cultures, and societies
Oceransky (the founder and Director of Yansa CIC and an Ashoka Fellow. Former Coordinator of the World Wind Energy Institute. He spent ten years working with indigenous and peasant community organisations on several continents) 10
(Sergio, THE YANSA GROUP Renewable Energy as a Common Resource', in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, ed. Koyla Abramsky, pg 608-9)
We find ourselves at the very beginning of another shift....community driven transition to renewable energy.

And leaving the transition to for-profit ownership leads to massive labor exploitation and militarism
Abramsky (visiting fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Science, Technology and Society; fmr. coordinator of the Danish based World Wind Energy Institute) 10
(Koyla, Racing to "Save" the Economy and the Planet: Capitalist or Post¬ capitalist Transition to a Post petrol World?, in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, ed. Koyla Abramsky, pg. 26-7)
The third important consequence is that leaving the transition......straitjacket of the international patent regimes.

Failure to ensure collective, community, cooperative ownership of renewable energy leads to exclusion, dispossession, violence, and racial exploitation
Abramsky (visiting fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Science, Technology and Society; fmr. coordinator of the Danish based World Wind Energy Institute) 10
(Koyla, SPARKING AN ENERGY REVOLUTION Building New Relations of Production, Exchange, and Livelihood in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, ed. Koyla Abramsky, pg. 642)
The global flows of knowledge, raw materials, money, and......fast if communities are given the appropriate tools.

Governmental support for cooperatives at the national level is crucial to generating the material and social conditions necessary for a broad scale, revolutionary transmutation
Abramsky (visiting fellow at the Institute of Advanced Studies in Science, Technology and Society; fmr. coordinator of the Danish based World Wind Energy Institute) 10
(Koyla, SPARKING AN ENERGY REVOLUTION Building New Relations of Production, Exchange, and Livelihood in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, ed. Koyla Abramsky, pg. 650-1)
What is both possible and long overdue, however, is taking some initial steps......strategies, both with and without compensation.

Governmental support of cooperative community wind development helps ensure energy decisions are made in micro-level deliberations, focused on the good of neighborhoods, not corporations. It’s no panacea, the myriad pressures of everyday life will always provide pushback, but it is a concrete and powerful tool to help reshape communities on their own terms
Maegaard (Founder and President Emeritus of World Wind Energy Association, and chairperson World Council for Renewable Energy, the director of Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy, Senior Vice President EUROSOLAR, The European Association for Renewable Energy) 10
(Preben, KEEPING THE INVESTORS AT BAY, in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, ed. Koyla Abramsky, pg. 582-4)
Renewable energy is still young. Technology and......energy package including wind power.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Contention 1 is Plutonium Disposition –

Arms control measures left tons of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. Plutonium disposition is covered under a separate agreement, the PMDA.
DTIRP 12     DEFENSE TREATY INSPECTION READINESS PROGRAM  2012   Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA)    http://dtirp.dtra.mil/tic/synopses/pmda.aspx
The Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), long title: Agreement Between….. and its Protocols into force.

Use in reactors is the only alternative that makes the plutonium unusable for weapons and was the only alternative that Russia would accept.  The US has therefore committed to use MOX – mixed oxide fuel blending plutonium with depleted uranium.
Wolfe 12    Clinton R. Wolfe, Ph.D. executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness and formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Plutonium Focus Area. Sunday, Nov. 18, 2012
As a result of that initiative...that man chooses for the elements.

The US will be unable to fulfill this commitment because no reactor has agreed to use the fuel.
Carroll 12    Glenn Carroll,  Nuke Watch South 2012   No Plutonium in TVA Reactors http://www.nonukesyall.org/action_MOX_SEIS.html
The MOX plutonium program stands as ...and take a pass on MOX.

This reluctance is because of the cost and difficulty involved.
Williamson 02  Eric Williamson, South Carolina Bureau of the Augusta Chronicle   09/01/02    Nuclear plants avoid conversion
http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/2002/09/01/met_350267.shtml

The technology is not an issue.  Reactor use is purely an economic matter.
Fleischauer 12   Eric Fleischauer  9-14-12  Decatur Daily    MOX or not? Gov’t likes weapons fuel, public doesn’t
Preston Swafford, chief nuclear officer ...going to play in the game.”

Financial incentives are needed to offset the costs.
Lyman 02     Edwin S. Lyman, Nuclear Control Institute     February 22, 2002     THE REVISED PLUTONIUM DISPOSITION STRATEGY: DOES HOUSE OF CARDS     http://www.nci.org/02NCI/02/pr22502-memo.htm
The details of how DOE/...MOX program without significant economic incentives.

The federal government must make a commitment to incentives to get reactor use.
Energy Washington Week  10     EnergyWashington Week   April 14, 2010         SECTION: Vol. 7 No. 15            HEADLINE: DOE Seeking Agreements With Utilities To Use MOX Fuel In Nuclear Plants
DOE is working to develop agreements ...facilities and delivery of the fuel.

Now funding for the subsidy is being cut and the agreement is in jeopardy.
Roff 13 Peter Roff, February 8, 2013 Friday    USNEWS.com   SECTION: OPINION; Peter Roff; .  HEADLINE: Is Obama Failing to Keep Nuclear Materials Out of Terrorists' Hands?  lexis
The United States is building a ...for the sake of us all.

Contention 2 is Terrorism –

Diversion of weapons plutonium is a serious risk.
Kang, et al   02    J. Kang, Seoul, South Korea.; F.N. von Hippel and R. Nelson, Program on Science and Global Security, Princeton; A. MacFarlane, Security Studies Program, MIT      Science and Global Security, 10:85–101, 2002  Storage MOX: A Third Way for Plutonium Disposal?        http://www.princeton.edu/sgs/publications/sgs/pdf/10_2kang.PDF
There are few physical barriers to ...made less accessible for weapons use.

Terrorists will want to steal them and we will retaliate – Nuclear weapons would be used.
BBC 10   BBC News, 13 April 2010, Russia and US to dispose of tonnes of surplus plutonium    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8618066.stm
Closing the summit, US President ...peace and stability," he added.

MOX reduces risk – It’s linear.
Reilly 13    BILL REILLY, a retired colonel, formerly headed the U.S. Army's reactor program.   Sunday, July 1, 2012   Updated: Tue Jan 29, 2013.    MOX offers a nuclear power boost      http://www.columbiatribune.com/commentary/op-ed/mox-offers-a-nuclear-power-boost/article_4075b9c4-bd1c-5f22-99fb-0783224782cf.html#.USB3wmfQaSo
Disposing of excess weapons material has ...into the wrong hands will lessen.

Less plutonium in storage makes security easier for that remaining.
Bunn 07   Matthew Bunn, senior research associate in the Managing the Atom project at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government. Previously, he served in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy He was the study director for the two-volume National Academy of Sciences study Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium   April 2007 Arms Control Today    "Troubled Disposition: Next Steps in Dealing With Excess Plutonium" http://www.armscontrol.org/print/2326
In principle, disposition of these ...risk of nuclear theft and terrorism.

Use as fuel encourages better Russian security.
Scowcroft and Poneman 01   Brent Scowcroft, former national security advisor to President Ford and former President Bush, is president of an international consulting firm. Daniel Poneman, who served on the National Security Council staffs of Bush and President Clinton, is a principal in the company      October 31, 2001   Los Angeles Times From Plutonium to Plowshares      http://articles.latimes.com/2001/oct/31/local/me-63602
Integrating plutonium from weapons into the ...fronts in the war against terrorism.

Efforts to reduce terrorism strengthen the nuclear taboo and reduce the risks of war.
Bin 08    Prof. Li Bin, leading Chinese expert on arms control and is currently the director of Arms Control Program at the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University. AND Nie Hongyi, officer in the People’s Liberation Army with an MA from China’s National Defense University and a Ph.D. in International Studies from Tsinghua University      This is a translation by Gregory Kulacki of an article published in Chinese in World Economics and Politics, No. 2, 2008. pp.13-19.   An Investigation of China – U.S. Strategic Stability    http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nwgs/Li-and-Nie-translation-final-5-22-09.pdf
The nuclear taboo is a kind ...S. and other donor funding.

Lack of disposition impedes arms control.
Digges 09 Charles Digges,  The Bellona Foundation (an international environmental NGO based in Norway)  12/05-2009  Problems of where to store extra plutonium from deeper Cold war weapons cuts dog Obama   http://www.bellona.org/articles/articles_2009/obama_weapons_cuts_storage
US President Barack Obama plans for ...highly regarded American scholars are noting.

The risk of nuclear war is real, but can be reduced through negotiation.
Reif 12  Kingston Reif, director of nuclear nonproliferation at the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation and recipient of a Marshall Scholarship, he was awarded a prestigious Scoville Peace Fellowship in 2008      22 June 2012 Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists    13 days -- and what was learned    http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/columnists/kingston-reif/13-days-and-what-was-learned
Today's nuclear danger. The Cuban ...least 17,000 nuclear weapons.

Proliferation causes nuclear war. Regional cycles of insecurity lead to escalation – Their defense is the product of psychological bias.
Heisbourg 12, Francois Heisbourg, Chairman of the International Institute for Strategic Studies, prof at the Geneva Center for Security Policy, July 2012, “How Bad Would the Further Spread of Nuclear Weapons Be?”, http://www.npolicy.org/userfiles/file/oving%20Beyond%20Pretense%20web%20version.pdf#page=182
Human societies tend to lack the ...Missile Crisis look easy in comparison.

Contention 4 is Russian relations –

The structure of cooperative arrangements is crucial to Russian participation. The PMDA is a model for cooperative structure.
Belfer Center 13  Harvard Belfer Center Programs or Projects: The US-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism   February 8, 2013   Russia in Review: a digest of useful news from U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism for February 1-8, 2013.     http://belfercenter.hks.harvard.edu/publication/22743/russia_in_review.html
Russia is willing to build interaction .... (Kommersant, RIA Novosti, 02.04.13).

Breaking the agreement would be a severe blow to relations. The PMDA is crucial to broader cooperation.
Digges 06 Charles Digges,  The Bellona Foundation (an international environmental NGO based in Norway)  20/09-2006
The United States and Russia have ...NNSA) chief Linton Brooks said.

Cooperation on nuclear energy creates a constituency for good relations that can override other disagreements.
Weitz ’12 (Richard Weitz is a senior fellow at the Hudson Institute and a World Politics Review senior editor. His weekly WPR column, Global Insights, appears every Tuesday. World Politics Review Senior Editor, “Global Insights: U.S.-Russia Arms Control Prospects Under Putin”, World Politics Review, 3-6-2012, http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11681/global-insights-u-s-russia-arms-control-prospects-under-putin)
Finally, Russians are eager to ...where the two sides’ interests overlap.

Cooperation on PMDA trumps other disagreements.
Cherenko 13 Yelena Chernenko, Kommersant February 5, 2013 Russia beyond the headlines      http://rbth.ru/international/2013/02/05/russia_us_may_sign_a_new_arms_disposal_agreement_22517.html
Russia may sign a new agreement ...S. access to some facilities.

Failure to abide by the PMDA loses all these cooperative benefits and destroys credibility in all cooperation.
Wolfe 11 Clint Wolfe, executive director of Citizens for Nuclear Technology Awareness, and formerly chaired the Technical Advisory Panel to the Department of Energy's Plutonium Focus Area.)    July 6, 2011 The Augusta Chronicle - Augusta GA      Examine big picture of MOX mission  http://www.c-n-t-a.com/letters.htm#AC1107
I would like to first consider ...-wise and pound-foolish

Russian relations is key to access every impact. Prevents conflicts in global hotspots.
Nixon Center 03 (“Advancing American Interests and the U.S.-Russian Relationship: INTERIM REPORT,” SEPTEMBER 2K3 http://www.nixoncenter.org/PUBLICATIONS/MONOGRAPHS/FR.HTM)
The proper starting point in thinking ...a potential source of political support.

Cooperation in managing regional conflicts is required to avoid escalation to nuclear war.
Bosco 06, David Bosco is a senior editor at Foreign Policy magazine.  July 23, 2006 Sunday   Los Angeles Times
HEADLINE: ARMAGEDDON; Could this be the start of WWIII?;  As the Middle East erupts, there are plenty of scenarios for global conflagration.   Lexis
IT WAS LATE JUNE in Sarajevo ...the world learned about managing conflict?

US-Russian cooperation key to every major impact.
Robert Legvold, Political Science @ Columbia, 2012 (“Meeting the Russian Challenge in the Obama Era.” SpringerLink. Responding to a Resurgent Russia, 1 Russian Policy and Responses from the European Union and the United States. http://www.springerlink.com/content/nn64777758886k5l/fulltext.html) NOTE: PEER REVIEWED SOURCE
In this respect, the Obama ..., and China vs. Japan).

Warming causes a planetary die-off – Geological history, ozone, positive feedback, and ocean acidification.
Bushnell 10 – Dennis, Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010
During the Permian extinction, a ...forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative.

Plan: The United States Federal Government should provide financial incentives for energy production using fuel fabricated with plutonium from dismantled nuclear weapons at a rate compatible with the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement. For this energy production, the United States federal government should waive fuel testing requirements, contract fuel fabrication facilities, and automatically grant license amendments.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent: ISU CI | Judge:
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Warming is real and it’s happening now – 20 independent indicators.

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“Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Summary of Findings” Published by Nick Sundt on Tue, 04/27/2010 - 13:34, World Wildlife Fund Climate Blog, citing the 2010 EPA Report on Climate Change,( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.wwfblogs.org/climate/content/epa-climate-change-indicators-keyfindings-apr2010||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"()
 The evidence of climate change is growing all around us.  In this ………., consistent with rising inland temperatures.

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Anthropogenic CO2 is the cause – All other natural factors and alternate causalities are considered.

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The New York Times, Richard A. Mueller, July 28, 2012, “The Conversion of a Climate Change Skeptic” Richard A. Muller, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and a former MacArthur Foundation fellow, is the author, most recently, of “Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines.”( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=1andpagewanted=all||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( style="font-size:10.5pt" )
 CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago ………… rise and the known greenhouse gas increase.

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The consensus is settled and skeptics are paid off.

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Lewandowsky and Ashley 6/24/11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,”( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( style="font-size:10.5pt" )
 Certainty in science If you ask a scientist whether ……. evidence that the Australian media has tragically and thoroughly failed the Australian public.

Err on the side of climate change, even if the science is debatable, because of its irreversibility.

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Sunstein 07 Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Law School of the University of Chicago (Cass R., “Worst-Case Scenarios”, Harvard University Press
 Most worst-case scenarios appear to have an element of……….. measures than would otherwise seem justified.

Warming causes a planetary die-off – Geological history, ozone, positive feedback, and ocean acidification.

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Bushnell 10 – Dennis, Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010
 During the Permian extinction, a number of ……….. so, as dire as the forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative.

Ocean destruction will ensure planetary extinction.

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Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN
 Biodiversity and ecosystem function ……..the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Ozone depletion risks extinction.

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Greenpeace 95 "Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer"( style="font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/holebg.html||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"()
 The ozone layer around the Earth ……….. the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.

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Status quo renewables all fail – Airborne Wind Energy revolutionizes energy production and goes global.

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Fagiano 09
 LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009,( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/Fagiano2009.pdf||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="font-size:10.5pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" )
 The dependance of the global energy ……… are organized  in the next Chapters as follows.

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Airborne wind technology alone can solve global power demand by 100 times with minimal environmental side effects. Prefer our evidence it’s peer-reviewed.

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Science Daily, 9/9/12, “Enough Wind to Power Global Energy Demand: New Research Examines Limits, Climate Consequences”( style="font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120909150446.htm||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"()
 Sep. 9, 2012 — There is enough energy available in ……… rather than geophysical limitations," Caldeira said.

China will model the US – Cheaper energy technology and leadership spurs a transition.

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Revkin 08 Senior Editor of Discover, Staff Writer at the Los Angeles Times, and Senior Writer at the Science Digest Andrew C., “Skeptics on Human Climate Impact Seize on Cold Spell” The New York Times March 2
 Theories abound over how best to help China embrace ………….what to do. It has to lead by example.''

Contention 2 is Solvency –

Tech is feasible now – But only federal support solves rapid scale up potential.

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Wind Daily 12 Wind Daily 9/13/12, “High-altitude winds have large potential as a source of clean e( style="font-size:10.5pt" )nergy”,( style="font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.winddaily.com/reports/High_altitude_winds_have_large_potential_as_a_source_of_clean_energy_999.html||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in; padding:0in" )
 Airborne wind energy-an emerging approach to harnessing …….. any particular technology or approach.

Airspace restrictions destroy commercial testing and viability – Removal is key.

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Leggett 12 Nickolaus E. Leggett, Masters degree in political science from Johns Hopkins, licensed pilot for hot-air balloons, gliders, and single-engine airplanes, certified electronics technician (ISCET and iNARTE) and an Extra Class amateur radio operator (call sign N3NL), testimony to the FAA, “To the Federal Aviation Administration: Formal Comments of Nickolaus E. Leggett” 1/29/12
 Near-Term Experimental Operation of AWES Prototypes ……. here and so a fairly liberal testing environment is needed.

Airborne wind solves intermittency, NIMBY and space problems of conventional wind – But government investment is key.

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Dave Levitan is a freelance journalist based in Philadelphia who writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Reuters, SolveClimate, IEEE Spectrum, and Psychology Today, 9/24/12, “High-Altitude Wind Energy: Huge Potential — And Hurdles”,( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://e360.yale.edu/content/print.msp?id=2576||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="font-size:10.5pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" )
 The wind turbines that increasingly dot the landscape peak at ……… keeps standard turbines facing into the wind as wind direction changes.

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Competitive Matching Fund solves commercialization.

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Bronstein 11 Max G. Bronstein, graduate of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. He holds a Masters of public policy and a certificate in science, technology, and public policy, Science Assistant in the Office of the Director at the National Science Foundation, held positions at with the House Committee on Science and Technology, the National Institutes of Health, and the University of Michigan Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 78, Issue 4, May 2011, Pages 736–746, “Harnessing rivers of wind: A technology and policy assessment of highaltitudewind power in the U.S.”,( style="font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162510002209||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="font-size:10.5pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" )
 Discussion and policy recommendations This technology ………. funding for the program is uncertain.

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Global scalability within years – Basic tech is already here.

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Fagiano 09 LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009,( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/Fagiano2009.pdf||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="font-size:10.5pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" )
 Thus, high–altitude wind energy could bring …….. in various engineering fields.

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It’s cost-competitive.

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North, last cites source from 2008 David North, aerospace engineer in the Space Mission. Analysis Branch at the NASA Langley Research Center, “High Altitude Wind Power”,  High Altitude Wind Power. Hampton: NASA Langley Research Center,( style="font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )http://awtdata.webs.com/annotatedbibliography.htm#597066883||style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px; text-align: inherit;"( class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast" ) ( style="outline: 0px; text-align: inherit; font-size: 10.5pt; border: none windowtext 1pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in" )jchen( style="font-size:10.5pt;border:none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0in;padding:0in" )
 3. Lower cost – Kites, being a simple tensile .,………. compared to current costs of 5 to 12 cents per kilowatt hour.

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Contention 3 Is Epistemology:

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We have an external impact – only states have the capabilities to solve global environmental destruction and socially just development

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( class="Author-Date" style="background:lime; mso-highlight:lime" )Sassen 10

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(Saskia, The Potential for a Progressive State?, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pg. 264)

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Any working state is a complex organisation with major….( class="DebateUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt;background:lime;mso-highlight:lime" ) among( class="DebateUnderline" style="font-size:12.0pt" ) a majority of ( class="DebateUnderline" style="font-size: 12pt; background: lime; mso-highlight: lime" )states.

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Government action is critical to environmental social justice

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( class="Author-Date" )Bullard 8

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(Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http:~/~/www.ejrc.cau.edu/html)

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The environmental justice movement emerged in response…….short term economic remedies for poverty.

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Prefer consequences – Their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize.

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Issac 2

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Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale (Jeffery C., Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest) SAS

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As a result, the most important political questions are……. arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

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Eco radical alternatives fail and destroy all life on Earth – we must act pragmatically to save nature

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Jouni, Lewis 92 Professor of Geography at George Washington University

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Martin, “Green Delusions”

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But unlike the youth of today…..wish to save the earth.

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We need the warranted knowledge provided by climate science to resolve environmental disputes and set correct goals. Don’t make the perfect epistemology the enemy of the good.

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Paavola, Sustainability Research Inst. School of Earth and Environment @ Leeds (UK) ‘8 “Science and Social Justice in the governance of adaptation to climate change” Environmental Politics 17 (4) p. Informa

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The rational choice approach….rational choice theories

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We should judge environmental claims based on their connection to empirical knowledge. We’re not claiming scientific claims are totally objective – merely that they are closer to correct based on observation

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Heli, Saarikoski Economics and Management @ Helinkski ‘7, “Objectivity and the Environment – Epistemic value of biases”, Environmental Politics 16 (3) p. Informa

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Where the realist approach….does not spring anew spontaneously.

Warming is real and it’s happening now – 20 independent indicators.

“Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Summary of Findings” Published by Nick Sundt on Tue, 04/27/2010 - 13:34, World Wildlife Fund Climate Blog, citing the 2010 EPA Report on Climate Change, http:~/~/www.wwfblogs.org/climate/content/org/climate/content/epa-climate-change-indicators-keyfindings-apr2010
 The evidence of climate change is growing all around us.  In this ………., consistent with rising inland temperatures.

Anthropogenic CO2 is the cause – All other natural factors and alternate causalities are considered.

The New York Times, Richard A. Mueller, July 28, 2012, “The Conversion of a Climate Change Skeptic” Richard A. Muller, a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley, and a former MacArthur Foundation fellow, is the author, most recently, of “Energy for Future Presidents: The Science Behind the Headlines.” http:~/~/www.nytimes.com/2012/07/30/opinion/the-conversion-of-a-climate-change-skeptic.html?_r=1andpagewanted=html?_r=1andpagewanted=all
 CALL me a converted skeptic. Three years ago ………… rise and the known greenhouse gas increase.

The consensus is settled and skeptics are paid off.

Lewandowsky and Ashley 6/24/11 (Stephan, Professor of Cognitive Studies at the University of Western Australia, and Michael, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, “The false, the confused and the mendacious: how the media gets it wrong on climate change,” http:~/~/theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)http://theconversation.edu.au/the-false-the-confused-and-the-mendacious-how-the-media-gets-it-wrong-on-climate-change-1558)
 Certainty in science If you ask a scientist whether ……. evidence that the Australian media has tragically and thoroughly failed the Australian public.

Err on the side of climate change, even if the science is debatable, because of its irreversibility.

Sunstein 07 Professor in the Department of Political Science and at the Law School of the University of Chicago (Cass R., “Worst-Case Scenarios”, Harvard University Press
 Most worst-case scenarios appear to have an element of……….. measures than would otherwise seem justified.

Warming causes a planetary die-off – Geological history, ozone, positive feedback, and ocean acidification.

Bushnell 10 – Dennis, Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) “Conquering Climate Change,” The Futurist, May-June, 2010
 During the Permian extinction, a number of ……….. so, as dire as the forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative.

Ocean destruction will ensure planetary extinction.

Craig 03 – Associate Professor at Indiana University School of Law Robin Kundis, “Taking Steps Toward Marine Wilderness Protection”, McGeorge Law Review, Winter, 34 McGeorge L. Rev. 155, LN
 Biodiversity and ecosystem function ……..the Black Sea is not necessarily unique.

Ozone depletion risks extinction.

Greenpeace 95 "Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer"http:~/~/archive.greenpeace.org/ozone/holes/html
 The ozone layer around the Earth ……….. the stakes are literally the continuation of life on earth.

Status quo renewables all fail – Airborne Wind Energy revolutionizes energy production and goes global.

Fagiano 09
 LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009, http:~/~/www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/pdf jchen
 The dependance of the global energy ……… are organized  in the next Chapters as follows.

Airborne wind technology alone can solve global power demand by 100 times with minimal environmental side effects. Prefer our evidence it’s peer-reviewed.

Science Daily, 9/9/12, “Enough Wind to Power Global Energy Demand: New Research Examines Limits, Climate Consequences”http:~/~/www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120909150446.htm
 Sep. 9, 2012 — There is enough energy available in ……… rather than geophysical limitations," Caldeira said.

China will model the US – Cheaper energy technology and leadership spurs a transition.

Revkin 08 Senior Editor of Discover, Staff Writer at the Los Angeles Times, and Senior Writer at the Science Digest Andrew C., “Skeptics on Human Climate Impact Seize on Cold Spell” The New York Times March 2
 Theories abound over how best to help China embrace ………….what to do. It has to lead by example.''

Contention 2 is Solvency –

Tech is feasible now – But only federal support solves rapid scale up potential.

Wind Daily 12 Wind Daily 9/13/12, “High-altitude winds have large potential as a source of clean energy”,http:~/~/www.winddaily.com/reports/High_altitude_winds_have_large_potential_as_a_source_of_clean_energy_999.html jchen
 Airborne wind energy-an emerging approach to harnessing …….. any particular technology or approach.

Airspace restrictions destroy commercial testing and viability – Removal is key.

Leggett 12 Nickolaus E. Leggett, Masters degree in political science from Johns Hopkins, licensed pilot for hot-air balloons, gliders, and single-engine airplanes, certified electronics technician (ISCET and iNARTE) and an Extra Class amateur radio operator (call sign N3NL), testimony to the FAA, “To the Federal Aviation Administration: Formal Comments of Nickolaus E. Leggett” 1/29/12
 Near-Term Experimental Operation of AWES Prototypes ……. here and so a fairly liberal testing environment is needed.

Airborne wind solves intermittency, NIMBY and space problems of conventional wind – But government investment is key.

Dave Levitan is a freelance journalist based in Philadelphia who writes about energy, the environment, and health. His articles have been published by Reuters, SolveClimate, IEEE Spectrum, and Psychology Today, 9/24/12, “High-Altitude Wind Energy: Huge Potential — And Hurdles”, http:~/~/e360.yale.edu/content/print.msp?id=2576url:http://e360.yale.edu/content/print.msp?id=2576 jchen
 The wind turbines that increasingly dot the landscape peak at ……… keeps standard turbines facing into the wind as wind direction changes.

Competitive Matching Fund solves commercialization.

Bronstein 11 Max G. Bronstein, graduate of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. He holds a Masters of public policy and a certificate in science, technology, and public policy, Science Assistant in the Office of the Director at the National Science Foundation, held positions at with the House Committee on Science and Technology, the National Institutes of Health, and the University of Michigan Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 78, Issue 4, May 2011, Pages 736–746, “Harnessing rivers of wind: A technology and policy assessment of highaltitudewind power in the U.S.”,http:~/~/www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/com/science/article/pii/S0040162510002209 jchen
 Discussion and policy recommendations This technology ………. funding for the program is uncertain.

Global scalability within years – Basic tech is already here.

Fagiano 09 LORENZO FAGIANO, currently a Marie Curie fellow at Politecnico di Torino and a visiting researcher at the University of California, Santa Barbara, received the Master's degree in Automotive Engineering in 2004 and the Ph.D. degree in Information and System Engineering in 2009 from Politecnico di Torino, Italy, co-author of about 50 papers published in international journals, conference proceedings and book chapters. He is recipient of the ENI award "Debut in Research" prize 2010, of the Maffezzoni prize 2009 and of a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship, dissertation submitted for the degree of  Doctor of Philosophy, “Control of Tethered Airfoils for High–Altitude Wind Energy Generation: Advanced control methods as key technologies for a breakthrough in renewable energy generation”, DOCTORATE SCHOOL  Course in Information and System Engineering – XXI Cycle, 2009, http:~/~/www.kuleuven.be/optec/files/pdf jchen
 Thus, high–altitude wind energy could bring …….. in various engineering fields.

It’s cost-competitive.

North, last cites source from 2008 David North, aerospace engineer in the Space Mission. Analysis Branch at the NASA Langley Research Center, “High Altitude Wind Power”,  High Altitude Wind Power. Hampton: NASA Langley Research Center,http:~/~/awtdata.webs.com/annotatedbibliography.htm#597066883url:http://awtdata.webs.com/annotatedbibliography.htm#597066883 jchen
 3. Lower cost – Kites, being a simple tensile .,………. compared to current costs of 5 to 12 cents per kilowatt hour.

Contention 3 Is Epistemology:

We have an external impact – only states have the capabilities to solve global environmental destruction and socially just development

Sassen 10

(Saskia, The Potential for a Progressive State?, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pg. 264)

Any working state is a complex organisation with major…. among a majority of states.

Government action is critical to environmental social justice

Bullard 8

(Robert D. Bullard, Ph.D, Environmental Justice Resource Center,_Clark Atlanta University, 7/2/08, “POVERTY, POLLUTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM: STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES” http:~/~/www.ejrc.cau.edu/html)

The environmental justice movement emerged in response…….short term economic remedies for poverty.

Prefer consequences – Their moral tunnel vision is complicit with the evil they criticize.

Issac 2

Professor of Political Science at Indiana-Bloomington, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life, PhD from Yale (Jeffery C., Dissent Magazine, Vol. 49, Iss. 2, “Ends, Means, and Politics,” p. Proquest) SAS

As a result, the most important political questions are……. arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Eco radical alternatives fail and destroy all life on Earth – we must act pragmatically to save nature

Jouni, Lewis 92 Professor of Geography at George Washington University

Martin, “Green Delusions”

But unlike the youth of today…..wish to save the earth.

We need the warranted knowledge provided by climate science to resolve environmental disputes and set correct goals. Don’t make the perfect epistemology the enemy of the good.

Paavola, Sustainability Research Inst. School of Earth and Environment @ Leeds (UK) ‘8 “Science and Social Justice in the governance of adaptation to climate change” Environmental Politics 17 (4) p. Informa

The rational choice approach….rational choice theories

We should judge environmental claims based on their connection to empirical knowledge. We’re not claiming scientific claims are totally objective – merely that they are closer to correct based on observation

Heli, Saarikoski Economics and Management @ Helinkski ‘7, “Objectivity and the Environment – Epistemic value of biases”, Environmental Politics 16 (3) p. Informa

Where the realist approach….does not spring anew spontaneously.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Perm – feminist perspectives should be considered alongside science and technical solutions – excluding either is antithetical to ecofeminism

Warren and Cheney 91

Karen J. Warren, former Professor and Chair of Philosophy at Macalester College, and Jim Cheney, Spring 91, “Ecological Feminism and Ecosystem Ecology,” Hypatia, Vol. 6, No. 1, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810040 .

Ninth, hierarchy theory makes a place for whatever………… opposes is the practice of one without the other.

Turn: connecting climate security discourse to renewable energy policy and multilateral action shifts the paradigm of security from competitive to genuine cooperation

Hugh Dyer, School of Politics and International Studies @ Leeds, 08, “the Political Significance of Energy Security and ‘Climate Security’”, Paper presented at British International Studies Association 33^rd Annual conference, http:~/~/www.bias.ac.uk/2008/pps/Dyer/uk/2008/pps/Dyer/pdf

Assumptions of structure here….which they act

Apologies are effective even when coerced – there’s no reason we should lose the whole debate

Latiff 01

81 B.U.:, Rev. 289, p ln

A coerced apology can….communal attachments may suffer. N178

Focus on discourse destroys agency – we can never liberate ourselves from language

McNally, Teaches political science at York University in Toronto, His most recent books is Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism, and the Marxist Critique, 1997

“Language, History, and Class Struggle”, http:~/~/findarticles.com/p/articles~/~/mi_m1132/is_n3_v47/ai_17228734url:http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_n3_v47/ai_17228734

Language is the immediate….of protest and resistance

Criticizing discourse won’t eliminate security problems

Copeland, 2K, Professor of Government at University of Virginia, 00, (Dale, International Security 25:2, fall 2000, ingenta)

Although the road…it must be faced.

Their alt rejects all forms of political action that could improve the way society views gender

Whitworth 94 assistant professor of Political Science York University

Sandra, Feminism and International Relations, Towards a Political Economy of Gender in interstate and non-governmental institutions, p. 22-23

This points also to….importantly, politically irresponsible.

Total critique shatters coalition – building necessary to confront oppression – perm solves best

Sankaran Krishna, ’93, Dep. Poly Sci @ U. Hawaii, Alternatives, v. 18

While this point is….such an activist politics.

The criticism’s focus on identity creates a politics of exclusion that prevents meaningful critiques and turns the very superior identification they try to solve

Jarvis 00 Professor of Political Science

DSI, ‘Internaitonal Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism’, February, University of South Carolina Publishing, pg. 160-162

Critical research agendas of…approaches are accused of being.

Using the current political system is key to disrupt gendered power structures

Peterson, Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of Arizona 1992. Gendered States p 66.

In other words, the state as a dealer in power, a wielder……… greatest sources of oppression we are likely to face.

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Fullerton | Judge:
Our model is being taken up by other oppressed communities but more funding is key to success. Energy cooperatives key to movements for environmental justice
Giancatarino 2012
Anthony, centerforsocialinclusion.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Boston-ESCO-Case-Study.pdf

Communities of color...move it forward

Plan: The United States federal government should offer all necessary financial support for non-profit community-based wind cooperatives in the United States.

Contention 2 is Labor

Transition to renewables inevitable- crucial question is who gets the profit and who benefits from the energy
Oceransky, 2010
Sergio, THE YANSA GROUP Renewable Energy as a Common Resource, in Sparking A Worldwide Energy Revolution, p. 608-609

We find ourselves... to renewable energy. 

And leaving the transition to for-profit ownership leads to massive labor exploitation and militarism
Abramsky, 2010
Koyla, Racing to "Save" the Economy and the planet: Capitalist or Post capitalist Transition to a Post-petrol World?, in Sparking a Worldwide Energy Revolution, p 26-27

The third important... international patent regimes.

Causes exclusion, dispossession, violence, and racial exploitation
Abramsky, 2010
p. 642

The global flows... the appropriate tools. 

Government support crucial to material and social conditions for broad, revolutionary transmutation
Abramsky, 2010
p. 650-651

What is both...and without compensation.

Key to reshape communities at their own terms
Maegaard, 2010
Preben, KEEPING THE INVESTORS AT BAY, in Sparking a Worldwide Energy REvolution, p.582-584

Renewable energy is still... including wind power.

Positive strategies around ecominc cooperation and community decisionmaking key to reclaim black land
The Black/Land Project 2012
Beyond Field and Factories: Black Relationships to Land and Place in Flint

Some of this perspective... pressure from below.

Only the Aff creations conditions for change-
a) Gives communities a material basis for action
Abramsky, 2010
p. 635

As chapters in this book... not already been lost.

b That's the only way to enable revolutionary action
Van Jones 2009,
Mirpuri, Antiracism and Environmental Justice in an Age of Neoliberalism: An INterview with Van Jones, p. 401-415

One of the things... in some other site.

Linkages key to stop eco-apartheid
Van Jones, 7
The New Environmentalists: How to Make the Green Movement Less White

More people of color... in the South Bronx).

Positive action crucial
Miah, 94
Cornel West's Race Matters

In the chapter... can be no struggle."

1AC: Remove Restrictions on AWE

ADV: Warming 

1NC: Preemption PIC, Feminism K, Case

2NC: Feminism

1NR: Feminism, case

2NR: Feminism