Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Incentive are positive– they excludes requirements
Turnbull et al, 01
- professor of Special Education and Courtesy Professor of Law, Co-Director of the Beach Center on Families and Disability, University of Kansas (Ann, 30 J.L. and Educ. 445 (2001), “IDEA, Positive Behavioral Supports, andSchool Safety,” Hein Online)

The term "incentive" is different from the term "requirement." An incentive is a positive reason for acting; a requirement is a legal duty to act. The difference in meaning is consistent with our argument above that the PBS provisions do create a presumption in favor of that technology

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Electricity prices are stable
Johnson 12 Slowdown Seen in Electricity Prices By Steven Johnson | ECT Staff Writer Published: December 11th, 2012 http://www.ect.coop/industry/trends-reports-analyses/slowdown-seen-for-electricity-prices/50812, mmm/uco
Ratepayers are getting a bit of a break on the price of electricity, according
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, and the 2012 numbers actually will decline from 2011, EIA said.
PPAs increase power costs
Koplow 11 NUCLEAR POWER: S t i l l N o t V i a b l e w i t h o u t S u b s i d i e s Doug Koplow February 2011 w is the founder of Earth Track, Inc., and has worked on naturalresource subsidy issues for more than 20 years, mainly in the energy sector. He holds a B.A. in economics from Wesleyan University and an M.B.A. from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/nuclear_power/nuclear_subsidies_report.pdf, mmm/uco
Competitive markets give buyers wide latitude in choosing the products they wish to purchase,
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mandates,” which tend to increase the overall economic cost of the mandate. 

Resourced strategic guidance key to overall hegemony, and Asia and Middle East stability – Turns the aff
Barno 12 Source: Foreign Policy CNAS Authors: Lieutenant General David W. Barno, USA (Ret.), Dr. Nora Bensahel, Travis Sharp Original Post: You Can't Have It All Type: Op-Ed http://www.cnas.org/node/7641, mmm/uco
On Thursday, President Barack Obama and his top defense advisers unveiled new strategic guidance
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United States can continue to play the central role on the global stage.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Reform will pass
Epstein 1/20 (Jennifer; Plouffe optimistic on immigration, less so on guns; www.politico.com/blogs/politico-live/2013/01/plouffe-optimistic-on-immigration-less-so-on-guns-154677.html; kdf)
White House senior adviser David Plouffe indicated on Sunday the administration sees a clearer path
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up, for some of these gun-safety measures," he said.

POLITICAL CAPITAL KEY TO CIR
Dallas Morning News (staff) 1/2/2013
“Editorial: Actions must match Obama’s immigration pledge” online @ http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece, 

President Barack Obama said all the right things Sunday about immigration reform. The president
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fight this year for a comprehensive solution. Nothing but action will count. 

PPAs are uncredible, lead to Congressional backlash, and undermine innovation
Sarewitz et al 12 ENERGY INNOVATION at the DEPARTMENT of DEFENSE ASSESSING thE OPPORtUNItIES Daniel Sarewitz and Samuel Thernstrom Co-Directors John Alic Technical Consultant and Writer Travis Doom Research Assistant A joint project of CSPO and CATF made possible through the support of the Bipartisan Policy Center and the Nathan Cummings Foundation. http://bipartisanpolicy.org/sites/default/files/Energy%20Innovation%20at%20DoD.pdf, mmm/uco
The Air Force and Navy have nonetheless set ambitious goals for future purchases of alternative
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to premature efforts to commercialize technologies that later prove unsustainable or simply uncompetitive.

Immigration reform is necessary for economic growth
Hinojosa-Ojeda 2012 (Raul founding director of the North American Integration and Development Center @ UCLA; The Economic benefits of Compreehensive Immigration Reform; www.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/cato-journal/2012/1/cj32n1-12.pdf; kdf)
Comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized¶ immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on
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in which legal status and labor rights exert¶ upward pressure on wages.

Economic decline leads to multiple scenarios for nuclear war
Burrows and Harris ‘09 (Mathew J. Burrows, counselor in the National Intelligence Council, PhD in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, April 2009 “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Private sector making massive investments in the energy sector now- market solutions key to competitive energy industries
Nelson 12 James B. Nelson President, Solar 3D INC Testimony, 5/16/2012 Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight, and Government Spending http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/5-16-12-RegAffairs-Nelson.pdf
U.S. adoption of solar energy currently lags behind several nations, including
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can only be achieved by innovation, not by having government fund commercialization.
Aff Incentives ensure only SMRs based on current designs get adopted- trades off with safer innovations
Forbes 12 5/23/2012 @ 3:03PM Small Modular Nuclear Reactors By 2022 -- But No Market For Them Jeff McMahon, Contributor From Chicago, I cover green technology, energy, and the environment. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffmcmahon/2012/05/23/small-modular-reactors-by-2022-but-no-market-for-them/ mmm/uco
The SMRs most likely to succeed are designs that use the same fuels and water
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that rely on different, some say safer, fuels and cooling systems. 

Renewables are key to sop extinction
Jagger 2008 (Bianca Chair of World Future Council; CQ Congressional Testimony; CAPITOL HILL HEARING TESTIMONY; Mar 6; kdf)
Jagger ’08 (Bianca, Chair, World Future Council, CQ Congressional Testimony, "RENEWABLE ENERGY," 3/6, lexis)
"If we go beyond the point where human intervention can no longer stabilise the
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precipitate cataclysmic changes in the earth system that could obliterate life on earth.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Federal Government will create and provide sufficient capital for the development of a federal Green Investment Bank. The bank will extend credit to private companies to plan

Green bank solves, spurs private investment, and leads to technology commercialization
Podesta et al 9 The Clean-Energy Investment Agenda A Comprehensive Approach to Building the Low-Carbon Economy John D. Podesta, Kate Gordon, Bracken Hendricks, and Benjamin Goldstein September 2009 http://grist.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/clean_energy_investment.pdf, mmm/uco
The residual tightness in the credit markets has made it difficult for developers to secure
AND
the price of low-carbon energy solutions and lower costs to consumers.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Nuclear energy is a smokescreen to continue the capitalist project of imperialism, ensure there is money to be made after oil, and the development of nuclear weapons
ICC 2011 (International Communist Current; Nuclear Energy, capitalism and communism; http://www.dianuke.org/nuclear-energy-and-capitalism/; kdf)
The potential to use nuclear fission or fusion to produce power has been known about
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started as a source of fissile material and a cover for weapons programmes.

Capitalism’s naturalization of the process of subjugation creates social exclusion on a global scale – the ultimate ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the foundations of this system’s organization principles. This makes reaching the Universal impossible.

Zizek and Daly 2004 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek, 14-6)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot of
AND

the abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.

The Alternative is to withdraw from the ideology of capital. We are unsure of a blueprint for success, but our first action must be the refusal of our belief in capital. Only this can open up the space for authentic alternatives.
Johnston 2k4, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University
(Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December 9.3, p. 259, 2004)
Perhaps the absence of a detailed political roadmap in Zizek’s recent writings isn’t a major
AND
comforting fiction (“Capitalist commodity fetishism or the truth? I choose fetishism”).

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Text- The United States federal government should engage communities in the United States to develop disaster relief plans based on community needs and adopt the recommendations in order to ensure community concerns are incorporated into future responses.
Counterplan competes through net benefits
The aff’s approach to disaster relief undermines the ethic of care- they only care about disaster victims not for them- only the counterplan can align disaster relief with the ethic of care
Carter 11 The Intersection of Care Theory and Public Policy By Christopher Carter SEPTEMBER 18, 2011 Christopher Carter is a Ph.D. student in Religion, Ethics, and Society at Claremont Lincoln University, and the Senior Pastor at Compton First United Methodist Church. http://feminismandreligion.com/2011/09/18/the-intersection-of-care-theory-and-public-policy-by-christopher-carter/, mmm/uco
“George Bush doesn’t care …. based policy making process.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
New mines will be able to meet long-term demand for Rare Earth resources, but supply is vulnerable in the short-term- solar uses RERs
Cho 12 (Renee, 9/19, Earth Institute and a freelance environmental writer, “Rare Earth Metals: Will We Have Enough?” (http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/09/19/rare-earth-metals-will-we-have-enough/)CD)
 According to a recent…. reopened and expects to be operating at full capacity this year.¶ ¶ ¶
A Rapid demand increase means China cuts us off from RERs
Moss et al 11 (R.L.Moss1, E.Tzimas1, H.Kara2, P.Willis2 and J.Kooroshy3, Institute for Energy and Transport The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, “Critical Metals in Strategic Energy Technologies”, (http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andved=0CCIQFjAAandurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsetis.ec.europa.eu%2Fnewsroom-items-folder%2Fjrc-report-on-criticalmetals-in-strategic-energy-technologies%2Fat_download%2FDocumentandei=9pJLUJivPILjrAH-0YGIAQandusg=AFQjCNFBM7mcUSAU32qKzIavrlOX_oPQegandsig2=s95qFovTbsP8mTqkFiAPqw)CD)
Such bottlenecks could disrupt ….earth oxides  (especially dysprosium oxide) in 2011 alone.d  

RERs are key to heg- the impact is extinction
Trigaux 12 (David, University Honors Program University of South Florida St. Petersburg, “The U.S., China and Rare Earth Metals” The Future Of Green Technology, Military Tech, and a Potential Achilles‟ Heel to  American Hegemony.”,(http://dspace.nelson.usf.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10806/4632/David%20Trigaux%20Honors%20Thesis%5B1%5D.pdf?sequence=1)CD)
The implications of a rare earth … can kill thousands.  

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The Federal Aviation Administration should reduce all its restrictions of its application of Title 14 CFR part 77 to airborne wind energy systems except for restriction 6. The Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense will reduce restriction 4 by granting access to the testing of airborne wind energy systems over 500 feet inside of selected sites of restricted airspace, and the turbine must be at least 12 miles offshore

Solves all of the affirmative while avoiding killing people on land.
Wind up Battery 11 (NASA Investigates Airborne Wind Turbines for Future Energy Production; 3/28; www.windupbattery.com/wind/airborne-turbines.htm; kdf)
One particular aspect …. the land available for other uses. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Oil prices for the next year will be stay around $100 assuming the status quo.

Kompaneyets Dec. 29, 2012 (Andrey, Reporter Voice of Russia, “Will oil price soar in 2013?”, http://english.ruvr.ru/2012_12_29/Will-oil-price-soar-in-2013/, Vance)

In 2012 the oil price… change in this respect.”
Russia’s economy is okay but depends on $100 per barrel
Reuters 2012 (Russian economy to keep up 4 pct growth pace: Putin; uk.reuters.com/article/2012/10/02/uk-russia-economy-putin-idUKBRE8910HM20121002; kdf)
(Reuters) - Russia's economy…. energy taxes - would fall over time.

Market signal is key—-changing government signal causes prices to crash
Munro 2012 Neil, Daily Caller, "Oil prices fall on rumor, but Obama insists nothing can be done" 3/17 dailycaller.com/2012/03/17/oil-prices-fall-on-rumor-but-obama-insists-nothing-can-be-done/2/
President Barack Obama repeatedly says there’s no magic wand to force down gas prices and salve the public’s increasing anger.¶ His spokesmen say there’s no magic wand, quick fix, or silver bullet.¶ But mere rumors quickly cut $2 off the $106 per-barrel Thursday morning,¶ The price fell because …. last several years.¶ 

Russia’s economy is holding on—any decline in the price of oil and it goes broke
Adomanis 2012 (Mark; Russia’s Consumer Market is Weathering the Storm, For now; http://www.forbes.com/sites/markadomanis/2012/08/07/russias-consumer-market-is-weathering-the-storm-for-now/; kdf)
One of the real surprises ….its Western neighbors.¶
Nuclear war
Sheldon Filger, 2009 Author for the Huffington Post, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction” http://www.globaleconomiccrisis.com/blog/archives/356
In Russia, historically,….least dangerous consequence.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Interpretation: Wind power is power source derived from the use of windmills which converts wind energy into electricity

Hunt 79 Manager, Energy Systems Division, McLaughlin Research Corporation
V. Daniel, ENERGY DICTIONARY, p. 492

wind power. A …. velocity. (See Fig. p. 493)

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
NNSA solving hiring shortfalls now
GAO 12 Government Accountability Office MODERNIZING THE NUCLEAR SECURITY ENTERPRISE Strategies and Challenges in Sustaining Critical Skills in Federal and Contractor Workforces April 2012 http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/590488.pdf, mmm/uco
The enterprise’s work …. critically skilled candidates. 

Plan creates a zero-sum trade off in worker demand
Lorentzen and Petersen 8 Jo Lorentzen and Il-haam Petersen HUMAN CAPITAL DYNAMICS IN THREE TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS: NUCLEAR, SPACE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Sector Studies Research Project MARCH 2008 https://www.labour.gov.za/downloads/documents/research-documents/Technology%20Platforms.pdf, mmm/uco
For the new build …. up its consortium.
NNSA human capital key to solve prolif, climate, and disease
D'Agostino 10 U.S. Under Secretary for Nuclear Security Thomas, former Stockpile Stewardship Program director, "NNSA Administrator Addresses Next Generation of Computational Scientists," 6-22-10, As prepared for delivery at the Department of Energy's Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Conference http://www.nnsa.energy.gov/mediaroom/speeches/csgfremarks062210, mmm/uco
Since I spoke to …. of the Department.

Pandemic disease leads to extinction
Keating 9 The End of the World BY JOSHUA KEATING is deputy Web editor at Foreign Policy. | NOVEMBER 13, 2009 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, mmm/uco
Throughout history, …. civilization-ending impact.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The asymmetry between pleasure and pain means we a have duty not to bring new people into the world- the pleasures of existence cannot outweigh the suffering that occurs
Benatar 6 professor of philosophy and head of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Cape Town in Cape Town, South Africa.  Better to Have Never Been. Oxford: Claredon Press p. 29-32
Optimists will be quick to note that I have not told the whole¶ story
AND
(given that there would be nobody who would be deptived of it).
Extinction  is inevitable- delaying it only makes suffering worse
Benatar 6 professor of philosophy and head of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Cape Town in Cape Town, South Africa.  Better to Have Never Been. Oxford: Claredon Press p. 163-164
Trillions of conscious beings inhabit our planet. Exponentially¶ more have already lived.
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equal, if¶ humans continued to exist for as long as possible.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should pass an extension of the wind production tax credit that expires four years from January 1, 2014 and announce that it will not renew the PTC after that date.

CP solves the boom-bust cycles and lets the industry get on stable footing to be competitive.
Bloomberg 2012 (By the editors, “Extend Wind-Power Tax Credit Now, So It Can Die Later”, (http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-21/extend-wind-power-tax-credit-now-so-it-can-die-later.html)CD)
  A clear plan to phase …. tax support they will have.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Their view of China is driven by racist colonial desire not objective knowledge.
Pan 2012 (Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Deakin University, Australia, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics, Western Representations of China’s Rise Pg 15-16, Vance)

Yet objective certainty,…. desire and self-imagination.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The logic behind the need to control the future nuclear scenario is based on a flawed notion of rational actors; this continues the ideology of American victimization, justifying any action.
Zizek 2003 (SLAVOJ, was born, writes books, will die, “GERHARD SCHROEDER'S MINORITY REPORT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES’,
http://www.egs.edu/faculty/slavoj-zizek/articles/zizek-gerhard-schroeders-minority-report-and-its-consequences/, Vance)

We all remember the MAD …., meant its exact opposite.
We create enemies and war as a means of controlling internal conflict.  Aggression is not inevitable but it a psychological construct.
Byles 2003 (Professor English, University of Cyprus Joanna Montgomery, Journal for the Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society 8.2 (2003) 208-213, Psychoanalysis and War: The Superego and Projective Identification).  

It is here of course that language ….but a state of mind.

The attempt to control the “economy” is not truly based in the avoidance of material violence, but a drive to avoid the trauma that comes from the imaginary financial system being unable to affect the real economy. 

Crosthwaite 2012 (Paul is a lecturer in English literature at the University of Edinburgh, Cultural Critique 82—Fall 2012, IS A FINANCIAL CRISIS A TRAUMA?, Pg 35-36, Vance)

Lacan offers this ….. from across the last century.

Failure to account for the Lack of being able to describe the Real world leads to a death drive ideology.
Daly 2004 (Glyn, Risking the Impossible, http://www.lacan.com/zizek-primer.htm)
Zizek affirms that …. and ethnic cleansing.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The KC-46 has funding now, future procurement eliminates the program
Pincus 2/20 (Walter; A sequestration break for defense; www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/a-sequestration-break-for-defense/2013/02/20/753147d0-7b7d-11e2-a044-676856536b40_story_1.html; kdf)
Procurement offers another...program for months

Without tankers the US is weak-causes war
Grant 2009 (The Tanker Imperative Dr. Rebecca Grant is an airpower analyst with nearly 20 years of experience in Washington, D.C. She is a Senior Fellow of the Lexington Institute and president of IRIS Independent Research; April; www.afa.org/mitchell/reports/MP2_TankerImperative0409.pdf; kdf)
Buying a new aerial... is playing with fire.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
The Chinese government should reform its nuclear oversight mechanism, improve transparency of its nuclear industry, and suspend the approval of new nuclear power plants until China gains sufficient experience to operate and improve advanced reactors that are under construction until China gains sufficient experience to operate and improve advanced reactor still under construction.
Counterplan solves- their internal link ev
Tu 2012 (Kevin Jianjun; China’s Nuclear Crossroads; Mar 11; http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/11/china-s-nuclear-crossroads; kdf)
Given the ….-thirsty China can’t afford to make.  
Their view of China is driven by racist colonial desire not objective knowledge.
Pan 2012 (Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Deakin University, Australia, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics, Western Representations of China’s Rise Pg 15-16, Vance)

Yet objective certainty, ….e Western modern desire and self-imagination.
This is an independent reason to vote negative
LIU 2005
(Henry C.K., Pres. Investment Group, Asia Times, Aug 20, “Trade wars can lead to shooting wars,”
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GH20Dj01.html)

The fear of China …. stopped by war