| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Magnetized target fusion violates norms against testing, causes pure fusion weapons development and massive proliferation – bigger impact because they blur the lines between conventional and nuclear weapons and are more useableMakhijani and Zerrifi 98
(Arjun, Electrical and Nuclear Engineer, President of the Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Hisham, Assistant Professor and Ivan Head South/North Research Chair, Liu Institute for Global Issues, "Thermonuclear Fusion Research Could Result in New Weapons and Greater Proliferation Dangers", http://ieer.org/resource/reports/dangerous-thermonuclear-quest/) July 15, 1998 WASHINGTON, D.C. Key portions of the US
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that are produced by the fission portion of present-day thermonuclear warheads." That collapses the taboo and makes nuclear war inevitable – only a strong distinction between nuclear and conventional weapons prevents escalationGizewski 96
(Peter, Senior Associate, Peace and Conflict Studies Program, University of Toronto, "From winning weapon to destroyer of worlds: the nuclear taboo in international politics", 51 Int’l J. 397 (1995-1996) pgs. 400-419)
Full text version is at the back of the file if they want to see it – the middle part is all boring history stuff Absolute and all-encompassing, the prohibition sets all nuclear weapons apart as unique
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chaos, which may well include the prospect of more destruction to come.
*He Continues*
Emerging international context Today, the non-use norm probably enjoys a degree of
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explosives offer a destructive capability which rivals that of small tactical nuclear weapons. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Fusion is techno-utopian – it combines discourse about "inherently safe reactors" with justifications for increased nuclear leadership – this blocks public engagement, driving towards environmental destruction and nuclear extinctionByrne %26 Toly 6
(Josh, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, Associate Professor of Urban Studies and Politics %26 International Relations, Director of Urban Studies Program at Wheaton, "Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse", pgs. 1-32 in Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. Josh Byrne, Noah Toly, and Leigh Glover) With environmental crisis, social inequality, and military conflict among the significant problems
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thoughtful exploration of the broader contours of energy-environment-society relations. ====Alt text: the judge should vote negative to politicize nuclear science==== ====It’s try-or-die for a nuclear public sphere – only politicizing nuclear science checks arms races and future weapons development====
Beljac ’8
(Marko has a PhD from Monash University, "Mission Statement", http://scisec.net/?page_id=5) But it cannot be stated that the mere existence of a faculty of scientific cognition
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of science would also remove the public subsidy that undergirds the Pentagon system. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Volsky, 12/30 (Igor, 12/30/2012, "Obama To Introduce Immigration Reform Bill In 2013," http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/30/1379841/obama-to-introduce-immigration-reform-bill-in-2013/-http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/30/1379841/obama-to-introduce-immigration-reform-bill-in-2013/) President Obama reiterated his call for comprehensive immigration reform during an interview on Meet The
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details of the proposal and Obama will to push for a broad bill. DMN, 1/2 (Dallas Morning News, "Editorial: Actions must match Obama’s immigration pledge," 1/2/2013, http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece-http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece) President Barack Obama said all the right things Sunday about immigration reform. The president
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fight this year for a comprehensive solution. Nothing but action will count. Bush et al 09 – co-chairmen and director of a Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Immigration Policy (7/21/09, Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush and former White House Chief of Staff Thomas F. McLarty and Edward Alden, "Nation needs comprehensive, flexible immigration reform," http://www.ajc.com/opinion/nation-needs-comprehensive-flexible-97393.html)
Our immigration system has been broken for too long, and the costs of that
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to foreign students and providing a faster track to permanent residency and citizenship. Hunter, 12 (Eve, 10/16/2012, "Livermore Fails to See the Light," http://nukesofhazardblog.com/tag/Congress-http://nukesofhazardblog.com/tag/Congress)
Those involved with the project claim the passing of the September 30 deadline can be
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vital to the economy will be hard pressed to survive in this climate. Competiveness key to economy and hegemonySegal, 04 – Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations
(Adam, Foreign Affairs, "Is America Losing Its Edge?" November / December 2004, http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html)
The United States’ global primacy depends in large part on its ability to develop new
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, the United States must get better at fostering technological entrepreneurship at home. Zhang %26 Shi, Researcher @ The Carnegie Endowment, ’11
~Yuhan Zhang, Researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Lin Shi, Columbia University, Independent consultant for the Eurasia Group, Consultant for the World Bank, "America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/," January 22nd 2011, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/~~
Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to seriously
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Doris, NREL researcher, 12
(Elizabeth Doris, researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, "Policy Building Blocks: Helping Policymakers Determine Policy Staging for the Development of Distributed PV Markets," Paper to be presented at the 2012 World Renewable Energy Forum, 5/13-5/17, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54801.pdf-http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/54801.pdf) 3.3 Market Expansion
This stage of policy development targets the development of projects and includes both incentives that
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the design and implementation of effective market incentives. Specific policy types include:
• Incentives. In the context of this framework, incentives are defined as direct
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is prepared for project development. There are three primary types of incentives:
• Investment incentives directly alter the first cost of technologies. These incentives can take
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direct capital investment, but instead prioritizes reduction in pay-back period.
• Production incentives provide payment for electricity produced from the distributed electricity. These are
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incentives have the potential to be invested in projects that do not materialize).
• Feed-in-Tariffs. This incentive type reduces investment risk by providing fixed payments for projects based on the levelized cost of renewable energy generation. This (among other design characteristics) distinguishes feed-in-tariffs from production-based incentives, which are based on monetizing the value of the electricity to the grid or the value to the electricity purchaser. US EIA (Energy Information Administration) - October 19, 2011, Annual Energy Review 2010, http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/annual/pdf/aer.pdf Primary Energy Production: Production of primary energy. The U.S. Energy
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wood-derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption; and biofuels feedstock. Doris et al – National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US DOE) – Dec 2009
Elizabeth Doris, Jaquelin Cochran, and Martin Vorum, Energy Efficiency Policy in the United States: Overview of Trends at Different Levels of Government http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46532.pdf The industrial sector, which accounts for 31% of U.S. primary energy consumption (EIA 2008), spans a wide variety of subsectors, all of which have different energy needs. Thus policies to improve energy efficiency in this sector are designed to allow flexibility across a number of differing industry needs, including: - Incentives, both financial (e.g., loans and grants for industries to upgrade equipment) and non-financial (e.g., expedited permitting)
2. Technical assistance, including programs, such as energy audits, that help industries identify and implement energy-efficiency programs
3. Research and development.
The federal government offers all three policy types. It offers tax incentives for the manufacturing and home building subsectors, and loans that require energy savings and emission reductions from participating companies. These incentives are flexible enough to apply to a broad array of industry subsectors. In addition, the federal government offers several general industry programs that provide plant-specific technical assistance to highly energy-intensive industries.
State government programs focus on financial incentives, including tax credits, loans, and grants, to offset costs to industries for adopting efficient technologies. Many states also offer programs that can provide customized support to individual industries as part of broader energy efficiency programs. These programs allow funds to be spent on both incentives and technical assistance.
Local government programs related to energy efficiency are often designed with the goal of attracting industries, and thus jobs, to the locality. These programs primarily rely on non-financial incentives, such as expedited permitting for "green" industries.
Ground – Allows the aff to gain "science good" and spinoff advantages without defending efforts to boost status-quo energy production – avoids all our links – especially bad for the neg because the lit on undeveloped tech is skewed towards the optimists while the rational authors ignore it |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Galama, Ph.D. %26 M.Sc. in Physics from the University of Amsterdam, MBA from INSEAD, ’8 (Titus, "U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology," Prepared for the Office of the Secretary of Defense by the National Defense Research Institute of the RAND Corporation, http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG674.pdf-http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG674.pdf) Despite the rhetoric and the intensive action on the Hill, some voices called for
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.S. economy has done quite well" (Pielke, 2006). PCAST 10. (September 2010. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Executive Office of the President. "Report to the President. Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) For America’s Future" PDF) What lies behind mediocre test scores and the pervasive lack of interest in STEM is
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challenges that will face their generation, their country, and the world. Aff causes brain drain from the NNSA – there’s a limited pool of scientists who can do nuclear simulations and monitoringAndrew C. Klein - Professor of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Health Physics at Oregon
State University, fmr. Director of Educational Partnerships at the Idaho National Laboratory - February 2012, Required Infrastructure for the Future of Nuclear Energy, http://www.fas.org/pubs/_docs/Nuclear_Energy_Report-lowres.pdf
One potential limiting capability will be the development of the people who are educated and
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difference emphasizes the need for continuous education and training of the nuclear workforce. Frank Munger – 7/16/12, Thom Mason talks about U.S. ITER: ’When you’re running a project, you’ve got to go full steam ahead’, Knoxville News Sentinel, http://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2012/07/thom-mason-talks-about-us-iter.html
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Director Thom Mason spoke last week at the DOE Small Business
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gains in the U.S. from contracting with other project teams. PCAST 10. (September 2010. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. Executive Office of the President. "Report to the President. Prepare and Inspire: K-12 Education in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) For America’s Future" PDF) There are two obstacles to achieving the nation’s goals with respect to STEM education
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effort that addresses the current inadequacies at all levels of the education system. Safranchuk, 2006, Ivan, well-known nuclear analyst in Russia. He joined the World Security Institute in July 2001 and directs its branch office in Moscow. His research focuses on U.S.-Russian security relations and has written extensively on nuclear weapons and arms control issues. Dr. Sanfranchuk graduated from the Moscow State Institute for International Relations (MGIMO). "Beyond MAD," http://www.wsichina.org/cs4_6.pdf-http://www.wsichina.org/cs4_6.pdf, KHaze Overwhelming superiority, on the other hand, does not guarantee zero retaliation. Nuclear
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nuclear primacy then becomes a waste of taxpayers’ money and security apparatus effort. Testing non-uq – the US, Soviet Union, North Korea, Pakistan, and India have all tested – nothing happenedDana Priest – Wash Post - September 16, 2012, The B61 bomb: A case study in costs and needs, http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/the-b61-bomb-a-case-study-in-needs-and-costs/2012/09/16/494aff00-f831-11e1-8253-3f495ae70650_print.html
In the years that followed, the United States conducted more than 1,000
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Britain and France are among the 36 countries that have ratified the treaty. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: Fusion power fails – costs too high and regulation too difficultRobert L. Hirsch - former senior energy program adviser for SAIC – 10/16/12, Where to Look for Practical Fusion Power, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/19/a-veteran-of-fusion-science-proposes-narrowing-the-field/
Many outstanding people turned to the pursuit of fusion power. A number of fusion
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fusion power has what I believe are insurmountable barriers to practicability and acceptability. Robert L. Hirsch - former senior energy program adviser for SAIC – 10/16/12, Where to Look for Practical Fusion Power, http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/19/a-veteran-of-fusion-science-proposes-narrowing-the-field/ By the way, my arguments assume that tokamak physics and technology works well and
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it is incumbent on us to speak up, even when it hurts. Brumfiel, Scientific American, 2012
~June 2012, Geoff, writer for Scientific American, MS in Science Writing from John’s Hopkins, double degrees in Physics and English from Grinnell College in Iowa, "Fusion’s Missing Pieces," Scientific American, EBSCO~
ITER will prove whether fusion is achievable. It will not prove whether it is
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of these will be up and running before the middle of the century. Prager, U.S. DOE’s Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, 11
~Stewart, Director – U.S. Department of Energy’s Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory and Professor of Astrophysical Sciences – Princeton University, "Perspective On: The future of Fusion", 5-12, http://www.pppl.gov/polPressReleases.cfm?doc_id=772~~
Fusion scientists, like you, have been working to produce fusion reactions for many
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, or one of the most difficult science and engineering challenges ever undertaken. SlashDot, 2012
~4/11/12, Interview with Dr. Martine Greenwal, Prof Ian Hutchinson, Assis Prof Anne White, Prof Dennis Whyte, Nathan Howard, "MIT Fusion Researchers Answer Your Questions,"
http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/12/04/11/0435231/mit-fusion-researchers-answer-your-questions-http://hardware.slashdot.org/story/12/04/11/0435231/mit-fusion-researchers-answer-your-questions~~
MIT Researchers: This is obviously an impossible question to answer, but we can
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would be followed by (profitable, economic) commercial plants around 2050. Curren, Editor-in-Chief, Transition Voice, 2011
~7/11/11, Lindsay, Editor-in-Chief of Transition Voice, an online magazine on peak oil, "Of Buck Rogers, magic elixirs and fusion power," http://energybulletin.net/stories/2011-07-11/buck-rogers-magic-elixirs-and-fusion-power~~
This week, one of those scientists, Stewart C. Prager, the director
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game. It’s a money pit for the deluded, indebted and intellectually destitute McGrath 2010, Director of Consulting, Studies and Analysisat Delex Systems, Inc, citing Robert Gates, Bryan, "Debate: Do We Need 11 Carrier Groups: Yes", Atlantic Council, http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/debate-do-we-need-11-carrier-groups-yes-http://www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/debate-do-we-need-11-carrier-groups-yes, KHaze Next there’s this—and it is a longish clip from the speech: "
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its kind in the world and exceeds the size of most world armies." No internal link- Can’t stop Iran’s control of Hormuz- they can deter the US by interrupting oil supplies-Iran can’t lash out- economics and lack of hardline leaders checksWhite 7 (Rebecca N., 12/4, pg. http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=16266)**
But, as Cordesman noted, Iran’s retaliatory options are limited by faults in its
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. It’s never "crystal clear" how the other side will react. William D. O’Neil - former Director of Naval Warfare, Department of Defense - Winter 2008/09, Costs and Difficulties of Blocking the Strait of Hormuz, International Security, Volume 33, Number 3, Project MUSE
How the clearance operations would be conducted would depend on the circumstances, and in
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before surveillance radars were destroyed, they could be rendered largely ineffective. conclusion Farley, 07 (Robert, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce, University of Kentucky. 10-23-07. "The False Decline of the U.S. Navy" http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_false_decline_of_the_us_navy)
The United States Navy currently operates eleven aircraft carriers. The oldest and least capable
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dominate the world’s oceans and littorals for at least the next fifty years. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 1 | Opponent: | Judge: DeFreitas, 12 —- covered all manner of green technology for EarthTechling since 2009 (Susan, 3/10/2012, "WWF Index: U.S. A Leader In Cleantech," http://www.earthtechling.com/2012/03/wwf-index-u-s-a-leader-in-cleantech/) How’s the U.S. doing when it comes to nurturing clean technology start-ups? Not too shabby at all, according to Coming Clean: The Global Cleantech Innovation Index 2012, a new report from the World Wildlife Federation (WWF), which ranked the U.S. fifth in the world for cleantech start-up creation, after Denmark, Israel, Sweden, and Finland.
That means that while countries like Germany and Scotland are driving renewable energy generation full speed ahead with government policies, partnerships, and carbon reduction targets, the countries ranked highest in the WWF’s index are those doing the most to nurture the entrepreneurial approach, leading the world in fostering cleantech innovation.
Thirty-eight countries were evaluated on 15 indicators related to the creation and commercialization of cleantech start-ups, generating an index measuring each one’s potential (relative to its economic size), to produce entrepreneurial cleantech start-up companies and bring clean technology innovations to the market over the next 10 years.
While the U.S. came in fifth overall, in absolute terms (without factoring in economic size), the U.S. leads in many measures of cleantech innovation, as it currently boasts the greatest public cleantech R%26D budget and the greatest number of cleantech start-ups and investors, as well as the most venture capital, private equity, and M%26A deals in cleantech.
While North America and northern Europe lead with cleantech start-ups overall, the index also finds the Asia Pacific region performing well in terms of scaling up entrepreneurial cleantech companies to wider commercial success and revenue creation. And though it currently places 13th on the index, China was highlighted as leading in cleantech manufacturing, making a strong showing in early-stage growth, and indicating the potential to produce more early stage innovation in the future.
China is also rapidly gaining access to funding due to its success in raising money for cleantech-focused funds. (It has been home to the majority of cleantech IPOs since 2009, many of which listed on the recently established ChiNext board of the Shenzhen stock exchange.)
Another emerging cleantech start-up leader? India, which currently scores 12th on the index, but is performing well in fund-raising towards cleantech-focused funds and has shown plenty activity in later stage cleantech companies. Chu – Secretary of Energy – 3/26/12, FYI: The AIP Bulletin of Science Policy News, http://www.aip.org/fyi/2012/045.html-http://www.aip.org/fyi/2012/045.html Secretary Chu replied:
"Senator, you’re asking a very important question that we asked ourselves. But
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commitment. But it’s — in these tight budget times, it’s tough." US is investing in fusion research now – SNL and LLNLSebastian Anthony – Extreme Tech – 10/8/12, Clean, limitless fusion power could arrive sooner than expected, http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/137520-clean-limitless-fusion-power-could-arrive-sooner-than-expected
The first breakthrough comes from Sandia National Laboratories (the same engineers who brought us
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our galleries of the National Ignition Facility and the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Benson 7 – J.D, University of Iowa (Christine C., Winter, "STUDENT NOTE: Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: The Varied Success of Biofuel Incentive Policies in the United States and the European Union", 16 Transnat’l L. %26 Contemp. Probs. 633, Lexis Law)
There are two main ways a government can promote an industry requiring support to survive and prosper. A government may use financial incentives to reduce costs to the industry at one or several points in the chain of production. n139 A government may also use regulatory mandates to impose a minimum usage requirement for certain products produced by the industry. n140
Both the United States and the EU have implemented mandates in regard to biofuels.
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Therefore, mandates are usually accompanied by some type of financial incentive. n144
Financial incentives take many forms. Loans, grants, production payments, tax credits or deductions, and tax exemptions all provide some type of financial assistance. n145 Loans and grants generally promote the development of an industry’s infrastructure, research, and development. n146 Tax incentives are generally more focused on promoting long-term production of a product. n147 This Note focuses only on tax incentives, not loan and grant programs, for biofuels in the United States and the EU. Joanna Lewis and Ryan Wiser – Gtown STIA Prof / LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY – November 2005, Fostering a Renewable Energy Technology Industry: An International Comparison of Wind Industry Policy Support Mechanisms, http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/59116.pdf
Policy measures to support wind industry development can be grouped into two
categories: direct and indirect measures. Direct measures refer to policies that specifically target
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with feed-in tariffs, with varying¶ levels of success.7 Predictable Limits – We added a qualifier to the word "incentive" precisely because it was too broad – Including non-financial incentives explodes the topic by several new ways of doing every aff. Prefer our interpretation because it creates a clear, predictable line between incentives that change production costs per unit and mandates that increase overall demand.Ground – Testing the "financial" in financial incentive is core neg CP and solvency ground – using a non-financial mechanism guts DA links too because the way voters and markets react to subsidies and tax breaks is substantially different than to a minor change in what the government decides to buy. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: Consumption practices ensure extinction – cause overshoot and collapse of the environment, only re-organizing society can solveSmith 11
(Gar, Editor Emeritus of Earth Island Journal, "NUCLEAR¶ ROULETTE¶ THE CASE AGAINST A¶ "NUCLEAR RENAISSANCE" Pgs. 46) Even if all of the world’s current energy output could be produced by renewables,
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.¶ would require the resources of 16 planets—eight planets each. 225 ====Renewables reproduce neoliberal social relations – they’re driven by a desire to maintain status quo consumption, and emanate from profit-motivated corporations ====
Byrne %26 Toly 6
(Josh, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, Associate Professor of Urban Studies and Politics %26 International Relations, Director of Urban Studies Program at Wheaton, "Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse", pgs. 1-32 in Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. Josh Byrne, Noah Toly, and Leigh Glover) Where the power to govern is not vested in experts, it is given over
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victories or diminish the central role of ’energy’ in the movement’s quest? Our alternative is to reject the politics of technological production Rather than focusing on production of technology, we should embrace our ability to shape and transform our subjectivity as consumers, embracing voluntary simplicity – this debate offers a crucial moment to produce alternative knowledge about everyday living practices
Alexander ’11
(Samuel, University of Melbourne; Office for Environmental Programs/Simplicity Institute, "
Voluntary Simplicity as an Aesthetics of Existence", Social Sciences Research Network, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941087) The aim of this paper, however, is not to present a thorough analysis
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might open up space to ’think differently,’18 to think otherwise. |
| 01/03/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge: The counterplan solves the case and isn’t preempted —- federal policies get watered down moreKeppley, 12 —- M.A. Candidate, International Relations and Environmental Policy at Boston University (Summer 2012, Jesse M., The Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies, "A Comparative Analysis of California and German Renewable Energy Policy: ACTORS AND OUTCOMES," http://www.du.edu/korbel/jais/journal/volume4/volume4_keppley.pdf)
Implications of the California Case
Because renewable energy policy at the federal level is limited, California has taken a
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renewable generation, there is nothing explicitly stopping them at the federal level.
Historically, this has worked to California’s advantage. In the wake of the energy
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concerns moved to the national scale where organized interests wield even more influence. Keppley, 12 —- M.A. Candidate, International Relations and Environmental Policy at Boston University (Summer 2012, Jesse M., The Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies, "A Comparative Analysis of California and German Renewable Energy Policy: ACTORS AND OUTCOMES," http://www.du.edu/korbel/jais/journal/volume4/volume4_keppley.pdf)
Conclusion
Renewable energy policy is sure to continue evolving over the coming decades. Moving beyond
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expect future federal policies to build off of the model established by California. Gipe, 10 —- renewable-energy industry analyst and author of "Wind Energy Basics" (4/21/2010, Paul, "Resting on Green Laurels," http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/californias-solar-scorecard/-http://roomfordebate.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/21/californias-solar-scorecard/)
The Golden State has long had a reputation as a leader in renewable energy development
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the decisive action needed to regain it’s long-lost renewable energy crown. |
| 01/04/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge: Volsky, 12/30 (Igor, 12/30/2012, "Obama To Introduce Immigration Reform Bill In 2013," http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/30/1379841/obama-to-introduce-immigration-reform-bill-in-2013/-http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2012/12/30/1379841/obama-to-introduce-immigration-reform-bill-in-2013/) President Obama reiterated his call for comprehensive immigration reform during an interview on Meet The
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details of the proposal and Obama will to push for a broad bill. DMN, 1/2 (Dallas Morning News, "Editorial: Actions must match Obama’s immigration pledge," 1/2/2013, http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece-http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece) President Barack Obama said all the right things Sunday about immigration reform. The president
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fight this year for a comprehensive solution. Nothing but action will count. Hargreaves, 11/13 (Steve, 11/13/2012, "Why Obama’s win won’t help renewable energy," http://money.cnn.com/2012/11/13/news/economy/renewable-energy-obama/-http://money.cnn.com/2012/11/13/news/economy/renewable-energy-obama/)
Barack Obama’s re-election may have seemed like a sure win for solar and
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are also being phased out in Europe as deficits become a mounting problem. Bush, McLarty %26 Alden, 09 – co-chairmen and director of a Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Immigration Policy (7/21/09, Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush and former White House Chief of Staff Thomas F. McLarty and Edward Alden, "Nation needs comprehensive, flexible immigration reform," http://www.ajc.com/opinion/nation-needs-comprehensive-flexible-97393.html)
Our immigration system has been broken for too long, and the costs of that
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to foreign students and providing a faster track to permanent residency and citizenship. Economic competition spills over into military competition – leads to racism and makes war inevitableSaito ’97
(Associate Professor, Georgia State University College of Law) (Natsu Taylor, Alien and Non-Alien Alike: Citizenship, "Foreignness," and Racial Hierarchy in American Law, 76 Or. L. Rev. 261, LN) The model minority myth has also created a paper tiger, or false threat.
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maintain the racial hierarchy and economic stratification that exist in the United States |
| 01/04/2013 | Tournament: USC | Round: 6 | Opponent: | Judge: Expanding renewables will require more fossil fuels to ensure effective back up powerVartabedian, 12/9 (Ralph, 12/9/2012, "Rise in renewable energy will require more use of fossil fuels," http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-unreliable-power-20121210,0,6250142.story) The Delta Energy Center, a power plant about an hour outside San Francisco, was roaring at nearly full bore one day last month, its four gas and steam turbines churning out 880 megawatts of electricity to the California grid.
On the horizon, across an industrial shipping channel on the Sacramento-San Joaquin
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," said Mike Jaske, the commission’s senior policy analyst for electricity supply. ====They link to their own technological determinism argument – they say passage of a solar policy leads to democratic discussion – this is a symptom of the same reductionism they criticize ==== ====Abstract defenses of public debate romanticize Western participatory democracy and ignore its role in the historical evolution of capitalism====
Chaput ’4
(Catherine, PhD Student in Rhetoric @ Arizona, "Review of Carl Boggs’s The End of Politics: Corporate Power and the Decline of the Public Sphere", Workplace, Issue 7, http://louisville.edu/journal/workplace/issue7/chaput.html) 12. While this book calls attention to the limited nature of many current political
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and historical grounding. Contextualizing against Habermas seems the natural place to start. Romanticizing Western democracy makes it dogmatic and leads to Eurocentric violence- attempts to export it which creates us/them exclusions – turns the case
Radhakrishnan ’6
(R., Prof. of English %26 Comparative Lit @ UC-Irvine, "When Is Democracy Political?", boundary 2 33:3 (2006)) Profound as Wolin’s symptomatic reading is, does he have an answer and a remedy
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nations, and as a philosophical question regarding the Self-Other problematic. Their evidence misunderstands apathy- it’s a moral response to powerlessness and government corruption- participation narratives reinforce a sense of national shame and collective guilt that only increases alienation- prefer our evidence because its based on fieldwork instead of psychological speculation
Greenberg ’10
(Jessica, Assistant Prof. of Communications @ Northwestern, ""There’s Nothing Anyone Can Do About It": Participation, Apathy, and "Successful" Democratic Transition in Postsocialist Serbia", Slavic Review 69, no. 1 (Spring 2010) But as the example of Mira shows, we need to ask what people,
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democracy comes to be meaningful in the post-socialist world and beyond. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Milani, 2/8 (Kate, 2/8/2013, Dow Jones News Service, "WSJ BLOG: White House Expects Broad Immigration Bill," Factiva))
The White House point woman on immigration, Cecilia Muñoz, predicted a comprehensive overhaul
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for visas, which many Republicans oppose and the Senate framework doesn’t include.
— Labor Union: Illegal Immigrants Deserve Citizenship
— Rubio: Only One Savior, and It’s Not Me
— Obama Advisers Meet With Leaders of Business Groups
— Obama Urges ’Strategic’ Thinking on Immigration
— Obama Courts CEOs, Labor Leaders on Immigration
Since the 2012 election, many Republicans have shown new interest in immigration legislation,
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is political will and just making sure we get over the finish line." Higgins, 2/6 (John K., 2/6/2013, "Immigration Reform Could Open the Door for IT Talent," http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html-http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/77241.html))
A divided Congress may actually unite when it comes to certain immigration reform efforts,
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"We’re hoping that they succeed, and that’s where our focus is." Kotkin, 12/7 —- presidential fellow in urban futures at Chapman University (12/7/2012, Joel, "Obama’s Energy Dilemma: Back Energy-Fueled Growth or Please Green Lobby?" http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/12/07/obama-s-energy-dilemma-back-energy-fueled-growth-or-please-green-lobby.html-http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/12/07/obama-s-energy-dilemma-back-energy-fueled-growth-or-please-green-lobby.html)
For Obama, getting behind the energy boom presents both enormous opportunities as well a
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the form of tax credits, loans, and surcharges on energy consumers. DMN, 1/2 (Dallas Morning News, "Editorial: Actions must match Obama’s immigration pledge," 1/2/2013, http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece-http://www.dallasnews.com/opinion/editorials/20130102-editorial-actions-must-match-obamas-immigration-pledge.ece)
President Barack Obama said all the right things Sunday about immigration reform. The president
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fight this year for a comprehensive solution. Nothing but action will count. LAT, 12 (11/9/2012, Carol J. Williams, "Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform," http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html-http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html)
"Comprehensive immigration reform will see expansion of skilled labor visas," predicted B.
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see the immigration opportunity as a bigger plus than not," he said. Schaffer, Spring 2002 (Teresita – Director of the South Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Security, Washington Quarterly, p. Lexis)
Washington’s increased interest in India since the late 1990s reflects India’s economic expansion and position
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people out of poverty depends critically on good relations with the United States. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States should clear all crude oil and natural gas production transactions within its initial 30-day initial review period.The CP competes and solves the aff – The CP continues to submit crude oil and natural gas production to Exon-Florio reviews, but rules favorably every time – prevents any further protectionism Leon B. Greenfield and Perry Lange - Partner, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP / Associate, Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP – Winter 2006/2006, The Threshold Vol. VI, No. 1, The CFIUS Process: A Primer, http://www.wilmerhale.com/files/Publication/98f0d23b-0510-47ef-a1a1-24f9dcb3752d/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/dc942fa3-988d-4959-b945-2b769eb99b7d/Greenfield_Lange_CFIUS_Process.pdf-http://www.wilmerhale.com/files/Publication/98f0d23b-0510-47ef-a1a1-24f9dcb3752d/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/dc942fa3-988d-4959-b945-2b769eb99b7d/Greenfield_Lange_CFIUS_Process.pdf The Initial 30-Day Review¶ The 30-day initial review period begins
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material infor-mation or omitted material information in its communications with CFIUS. Thomas E. Crocker and Joe D. Whitley – Partners, Alston %26 Bird – Spring 2008, Congress Enacts CFIUS Reform Legislation, Administrative and Regulatory Law News, http://www.alston.com/Files/Publication/d390d3c2-0f39-478c-97eb-1d0e6ba9e927/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/86025b49-e9fd-4a09-ad0c-5a9a66c9331a/Article%20Congress%20Enacts.pdf-http://www.alston.com/Files/Publication/d390d3c2-0f39-478c-97eb-1d0e6ba9e927/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/86025b49-e9fd-4a09-ad0c-5a9a66c9331a/Article Congress Enacts.pdf
On Julv 26,2007, President Bush signed into law the Foreign Investment and
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. It thus minimizes the potential for politicization of the CFIUS review process. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Litvak 2012 (November 9, Anya, "Pennsylvania coal industry faces changing future" http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/print-edition/2012/11/09/coal-industry-faces-changing-future.html?page=all-http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/print-edition/2012/11/09/coal-industry-faces-changing-future.html?page=all) When having a discussion on the future of coal, it would be unlikely to
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day, American people won’t stand for that privilege to be taken away." EIA 2012 (April 10, "What are the major factors affecting natural gas prices?" http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=43%26t=8-http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=43%26t=8) Natural gas prices are mainly a function of market supply and demand. Because there
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from storage inventories, and declining prices tend to have the opposite effects. McCarthy and Copeland 2011 - Specialist in Environmental Policy AND Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy (August 8, James E. and Claudia, "EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a "Train Wreck" Coming? " http://www.lawandenvironment.com/uploads/file/CRS-EPA.pdf-http://www.lawandenvironment.com/uploads/file/CRS-EPA.pdf) What these scenarios tell us is that utilities will look at the impending regulations and
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the current economics of the plant due to natural gas and coal prices. The coal industry is key to maintain commercial freight railroadsAAR 2012 – Association of American Railroads (June, "Railroads and Coal " https://www.aar.org/keyissues/Documents/Background-Papers/Railroads-and-Coal.pdf-https://www.aar.org/keyissues/Documents/Background-Papers/Railroads-and-Coal.pdf) Coal is the most important single commodity carried by U.S. freight railroads
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the level of coal exports, environmental laws and regulations, and more. Robert S. Korpanty is a licensed professional engineer employed by the Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Engineering Agency in Newport News, Virginia, December 1999, "Preserving Strategic Rail Mobility," htm Tell any mechanized maneuver commander he has to fight a battle without his Abrams tanks
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which commercial rail lines between installations and ports were important to national defense. Training is key to readiness which is key to global deterrence – decline causes lashout and warSpencer, Senior Research Fellow at Heritage, 2000
(The Facts About Military Readiness, www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
Military readiness is vital because declines in America’s military readiness signal to the rest of
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277 in fiscal year (FY) 1996 to 189 in FY 2000. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Nye, 12-10 —- Harvard Prof and former US assistant secretary of defense, state and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council (12/10/2013, "Immigration and American Power," http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s—nye-http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye)
CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US. Zhang %26 Shi, Researcher @ The Carnegie Endowment, ’11
~Yuhan Zhang, Researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Lin Shi, Columbia University, Independent consultant for the Eurasia Group, Consultant for the World Bank, "America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/," January 22nd 2011, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/-http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/~~
Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to seriously
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. |
| 02/09/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Ambrose Evans-Pritchard – The Telegraph – 1/6/13, China blazes trail for ’clean’ nuclear power from thorium, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/9784044/China-blazes-trail-for-clean-nuclear-power-from-thorium.html-http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/9784044/China-blazes-trail-for-clean-nuclear-power-from-thorium.html The Chinese are running away with thorium energy, sharpening a global race for the
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less risk of a climate tipping point. Who can object to that? US and China are in zero-sum competition for indigenous development of next-gen nuclear technology – resurgence of US domestic market steals away tech and expertiseSCOTT CULLINANE - graduate student at the Institute of World Politics – 9/28/11, America Falling Behind: The Strategic Dimensions of Chinese Commercial Nuclear Energy, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=319:america-falling-behind-the-strategic-dimensions-of-chinese-commercial-nuclear-energy%26catid=118:content%26Itemid=376 Due to a confluence of events the United States has recently focused more attention on
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able to leverage this power to service its foreign policy goals as well. Dallas Kachan – Managing Partner, Kachan %26 Co. (cleantech analysis firm ) – 1/23/12, (letter) United States House and Senate Energy Committees, http://kachan.com/sites/default/files/Kachan_Letter_to_US_Congress.pdf Our firm recently published a study on new breakthroughs in nuclear power technology. Titled
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to reverse this trend. I would be happy to make specific recommendations. Jonathan S. Landay (staff) March 10 2000 "Top administration officials warn stakes for U.S. are high in Asian conflicts:, Knight Ridder Washington Bureau, lexisnexis WASHINGTON _ The 3,700-mile arc that begins at the heavily fortified
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that totaled %24600 billion last year, according to the Commerce Department. |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
A – Interpretation:
Topical affirmatives must affirm the resolution through instrumental defense of action by the United States Federal Government. B – Definitions
Should denotes an expectation of enacting a plan
American Heritage Dictionary 2000 (Dictionary.com)
should. The will to do something or have something take place: I shall go out if I feel like it. Federal government is the central government in Washington DC
Encarta Online 2005,
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500781_6/United_States_(Government).html~~%23howtocite**
United States (Government), the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that is responsible for carrying out the operations of the United States. The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington, D.C.-http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576320/Washington_D_C.html Resolved implies a policy
Louisiana House 3-8-2005, http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm-http://house.louisiana.gov/house-glossary.htm**
Resolution A legislative instrument that generally is used for making declarations, stating policies, and making decisions where some other form is not required. A bill includes the constitutionally required enacting clause; a resolution uses the term "resolved". Not subject to a time limit for introduction nor to governor’s veto. ( Const. Art. III, §17(B) and House Rules 8.11 , 13.1 , 6.8 , and 7.4) C – Vote neg – We have four net benefits
First is Decisionmaking
The primary purpose of debate should be to improve our skills as decision-makers. We are all individual policy-makers who make choices every day that affect us and those around us. We have an obligation to the people affected by our decisions to use debate as a method for honing these critical thinking and information processing abilities.
Austin J. Freeley and David L. Steinberg – John Carroll University / U Miami – 2009, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making, p. 1-4, googlebooks
After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and
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customer for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate. Additionally, The best route to improving decision-making is through discussion about public policy
A. Mutually accessible information – There is a wide swath of literature on governmental policy topics – that ensures there will be informed, predictable, and in-depth debate over the aff’s decision. Individual policymaking is highly variable depending on the person and inaccessible to outsiders.
B. Harder decisions make better decisionmakers – The problems facing public policymakers are a magnitude greater than private decisions. We all know plans don’t actually happen, but practicing imagining the consequences of our decisions in the high-stakes games of public policymaking makes other decisionmaking easier. Second is Predictable Limits - The resolution proposes the question the negative is prepared to answer and creates a bounded list of potential affs for us to think about. Debate has unique potential to change attitudes and grow critical thinking skills because it forces pre-round internal deliberation on a of a focused, common ground of debate
Robert E. Goodin and Simon J. Niemeyer- Australian National University- 2003,
When Does Deliberation Begin? Internal Reflection versus Public Discussion in Deliberative Democracy, POLITICAL STUDIES: 2003 VOL 51, 627–649, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0032-3217.2003.00450.x/pdf
What happened in this particular case, as in any particular case, was in
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least one possible way of doing that for each of those key features. Third is Dogmatism – Most problems are not black and white but have complex, uncertain interactions. By declaring that _ is always bad, they prevent us from understanding the nuances of an incredibly important and complex issue. This is the epitome of dogmatism
Keller, et. al,– Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago - 2001
(Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, "Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning," Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost)
John Dewey, the philosopher and educational reformer, suggested that the initial advance in
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systems, the learning process will be facilitated" (p. 28).
The authors believe that involving students in substantive debates challenges them to learn and grow
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yield a reevaluation and reconstruction of knowledge and beliefs pertaining to the issue. Our method solves – Even if the resolution is wrong, having a devil’s advocate in deliberation is vitally important to critical thinking skills and avoiding groupthink
Hugo Mercier and Hélène Landemore- 2011
(Philosophy, Politics and Economics prof @ U of Penn, Poli Sci prof @ Yale), Reasoning is for arguing: Understanding the successes and failures of deliberation, Political Psychology, http://sites.google.com/site/hugomercier/publications**
Reasoning can function outside of its normal conditions when it is used purely internally.
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suggestions have been made in the past (e.g., Bohman,
2007; Sunstein, 2003, 2006), the present theory provides additional arguments
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(e.g. Schweiger, Sandberg, %26 Ragan, 1986). |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: Their use of ontological blackness creates reliance on white superiority and erases individuality – ontological blackness opposes itself to whiteness, affirming white superiority by grounding blackness in suffering and the experience of anti-blackness – that reduces all experience to negative experience of racial constitution, which crushes individuality and causes social death
Pinn 97
(Anthony, Agnes Cullen Arnold Professor of Humanities and Professor of Religious Studies at Rice University whose work focuses on black liberation theology, African-American religion, and African-American humanism, Review of "Beyond Ontological Blackness: An Essay on African American Religious and Cultural Criticism by Victor Anderson", African American Review, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Summer, 1997), pp. 320-323)
In chapter one Anderson defines religious criticism, cultural criticism, and other terms that
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suffocate. How does one maintain this balance? Anderson looks to Nietzsche.
Their attempt to ontologically ground blackness is dependent on whiteness for the legitimacy—this recreates a conception of blackness as dependent on suffering, making resistance to oppression impossible within their framework.
Anthony B. Pinn, Religious Studies at Macalester, 2004.
"’’Black Is, Black Ain’t’’: Victor Anderson, African American Theological Thought, and Identity," Dialog: A Journal of Theology . Volume 43, Number 1
At its best, African American criticism draws from critical theory and has an appreciation
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as crisis theologies; they remain theologies in a crisis of legitimation.14
The blackness affirmed by the 1AC is the blackness that whiteness created—the affirmative relies on the same type race theory of identity which characterizes white supremacy, locking essentialized understandings of blackness which exclude alternate configurations of black subjectivity—you should use your ballot to reject racialized identity construction, thus cutting off the cognitive foundation from which racism is even able to operate.
Trevor Eppehimer, Systematic Theology—Hood Seminary, 2006
"Victor Anderson’s Beyond Ontological Blackness and James Cone’s Black Theology: A Discussion,"
Black Theology: An International Journal 4:1
Simply stated, Anderson believes that the "Blackness" with which Cone works in
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to lack any one property renders one a member of a pseudospecies.4 |
| 03/29/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge: The history of racism, while terrible, does not represent exceptional/gratuitous violence – white societies have produced equally excessive violence against one another – refuse their historiography because it relies on transforming an historically inaccurate claim about violence into an entire theory of ideology and subject formation
Coates 13
(Ta-Nehisi, senior editor for The Atlantic, "A Flawed America in Context", February 13, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/a-flawed-america-in-context/273546/) Toward the end of our meal we began discussing how one can look at racism
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though is this: Is this what we what we will always do?
Their gut check response will be that gratuitous violence is internal to white society and that pre-colonization African societies were free of the violence produced by white culture – this claim is reactionary and historically inaccurate
Coates 13
(Ta-Nehisi, senior editor for The Atlantic, "A Flawed America in Context", February 13, 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/02/a-flawed-america-in-context/273546/) Lesson One: the rejection of the idea that history exists solely to bolster our
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of history’s actors the full range of features, both laudable and regrettable.
The American legal system and state are not inherently racist – their overly fatalistic narrative ignores massive progress and incorrectly assumes that the US uniquely represents a site of anti-blackness
Farber 98
(Daniel, Prof. of the Minnesota School of Law, "Is American Law Inherently Racist", w/ Prof. Delgado, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211%26context=facpubs)
Let me begin with the vision of the American legal system that Professor Delgado presented
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In some ways, I think we are doing considerably better than most.
The proper response to recurrent state/legal racism is protective measures – only legal reform can embed bulwarks against historical injustice
Delgado 98
(Richard, Jean N. Lindsley Professor of Law at the University of Colorado Law School, "Is American Law Inherently Racist", Debate w/ Prof. Farber, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211%26context=facpubs) AUDIENCE: If we accept the premise that American law is inherently racist, what
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in other respects. I will address this point later in my talk.
~if running short on time you can skip this~ That turns the K – their assertion of an historically pure point of departure produces essentialism and re-creates the relations of domination they oppose – our aff overcomes their life-denying politics by building assemblages within the State that reverse relations of power to overcome relations of domination
We are all part of the institutions that oppress us – power relations work in
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too and we’re all implicated in these – ignores the way it creates fissures
Newman ’00, (Saul, Postdoctoral Fellow @ Macquarie University, "Anarchism and the Politics of Ressentiment", muse) Has anarchism as a political and social theory of revolution been invalidated because of the
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within this world, renegotiating our position to enhance our possibilities of freedom.
All of their root cause and alt solvency args are epistemologically flawed – they presume that policies with racially disparate outcomes are produced by white institutional control – that allows them to neglect more complex policy issues about constituency formation and different interest groups with a neat narrative about the historical evolution of racism – in reality, non-white groups play an important role in advocating for policies with negative/racially disparate impacts
This position ignores
Farber 98
(Daniel, Prof. of the Minnesota School of Law, "Is American Law Inherently Racist", w/ Prof. Delgado, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211%26context=facpubs) PROFESSOR FARBER: I thought I would begin by saying a little more about the
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a lot more complicated than the simple reference to racism makes it appear.
Even if true, assumptions that the law/state are inherently racist collapse aff solvency – they foreground the assumption of racism, which turns debate and dialogue into a witch hunt to determine which kind of racism people are guilty of – this assumption of guilt and hopelessness of reform collapses coalitions and public dialogue on racism that are pre-requisites to solvency
Farber 98
(Daniel, Prof. of the Minnesota School of Law, "Is American Law Inherently Racist", w/ Prof. Delgado, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1211%26context=facpubs) Finally, and I think perhaps this is the most significant practical problem, the
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of American society will prevent it from ever achieving his vision of justice. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Natural gas prices are rising now – causes utilities to shift to coal
Litvak 2012 (November 9, Anya, “Pennsylvania coal industry faces changing future” http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/print-edition/2012/11/09/coal-industry-faces-changing-future.html?page=all) When having a discussion on the future of coal, it would be unlikely to
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day, American people won’t stand for that privilege to be taken away.” The aff causes low gas prices and prevents coal fill in
Plumer, your author, author @ The Washington Post, 2012,
Brad, “Why regulating gas fracking could be cheaper than the alternatives,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/ezra-klein/post/why-fracking-regulations-could-be-cheaper-than-no-regulations-at-all/2012/05/29/gJQAfcUKzU_blog.html?wprss=rss_ezra-klein We’re living in a “Golden Age of Gas,” says the International Energy Agency
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, at the very least, it might prove cheaper than the alternatives.
EPA regulations mean low natural gas prices stop the shift to CCS
McCarthy and Copeland 2011 - Specialist in Environmental Policy AND Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy (August 8, James E. and Claudia, “EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a “Train Wreck” Coming? ” http://www.lawandenvironment.com/uploads/file/CRS-EPA.pdf) What these scenarios tell us is that utilities will look at the impending regulations and
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the current economics of the plant due to natural gas and coal prices.
Cheap natural gas obliterates the railroad industry – Coal shipping and competition with trucking
Ferry, Contributor to the Motley Fool Blog Network, 12
(6/17, Railroads Prepare for the Threat of Natural Gas, beta.fool.com/catominor/2012/06/17/railroads-prepare-threat-natural-gas/5836/
North American's freight railroads have delivered impressive performances since deregulation in the 1980s, growing
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capital, this prospect could negatively impact shareholders for many years to come.
Railroads key to military readiness and deployment
Pike, Policy analyst at the Federation of American Scientists, 12
(Strategic Rail Corridor Network (STRACNET), www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/stracnet.htm)
The military places heavy and direct reliance on railroads to integrate bases and connect installations
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of over 38,000 miles of track serving over 170 defense installations. Readiness which is key to global deterrence – decline causes lashout and war
Spencer, Senior Research Fellow at Heritage, 2000
(The Facts About Military Readiness, www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
Military readiness is vital because declines in America's military readiness signal to the rest of
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277 in fiscal year (FY) 1996 to 189 in FY 2000. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The United States Federal Government should allow state regulation of natural gas production to take preference over federal rules in instances where state regulation is more extensive than federal regulation.
The counterplan solves the aff by eliminating any potential obstruction the federal government creates for state regulators who want to regulate – THIS IF FROM THEIR SOLVENCY AUTHOR
Willie ‘12
Matt Willie, J.D. candidate, April 2012, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, Brigham Young University Law Review, 2011 B.Y.U.L. Rev. 1743, Hydraulic Fracturing and "Spotty" Regulation: Why the Federal Government Should Let States Control Unconventional Onshore Drilling, Lexis, With state regulations already providing extensive environmental protections, additional federal fracking controls, in
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uniform standards for fracking techniques that ought to vary by field and region.
2nc
99.9% biodiversity loss has no impact on humanity
Sagoff- Sr researcher, U Maryland - ’97 (Mark, Senior Research Scholar @ Institute for Philosophy and Public policy in School of Public Affairs @ U. Maryland, William and Mary Law Review, “INSTITUTE OF BILL OF RIGHTS LAW SYMPOSIUM DEFINING TAKINGS: PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE FUTURE OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION: MUDDLE OR MUDDLE THROUGH? TAKINGS JURISPRUDENCE MEETS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT”, 38 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 825, March, L/N)
Although one may agree with ecologists such as Ehrlich and Raven that the earth stands
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for rare and unusual plants and animals to add to the world's diet. Species extinction won't cause human extinction – humans and the environment are adaptable
Doremus’ 00
(Holly, Professor of Law at UC Davis Washington and Lee Law Review, Winter 57 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 11, lexis)
In recent years, this discourse frequently has taken the form of the ecological horror
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that a high proportion of species can be lost without precipitating a collapse. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Text: The United States Supreme court should interpret all relevant congressional statutes and agency rules to allow the activities currently restricted by the Environmental Protection Agency’s New Source Performance Standards and National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Reviews on natural gas production.
It competes – The plan invalidates existing restrictions but the counterplan revises the restriction without invalidating it
Kloppenberg, Professor of Law at Dayton, 06
Symposium: Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability: Searching for the Right Balance: Does Avoiding Constitutional Questions Promote Judicial Independence? 56 Case W. Res. 1031 This brief essay will examine only one aspect of avoidance, the use of the
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different balance between furthering its primary legislative aims and invading constitutionally protected areas.
The counterplan solves the case but avoids the net benefits because utilizing the avoidance doctrine builds support
Hooper, Associate at Lightfoot, Franklin and White LLC, 02
59 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 975 Despite criticism that the avoidance doctrine lends itself to judicial manipulation of legislative statutes -
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respects Congress's legislative supremacy and confirms the Court's own task of judicial review.
Judicial restraint now - court negation of the actions of other branches obliterates legitimacy
Collett, Law Prof at St. Thomas, 10
Winter, Judicial Independence and Accountability in an Age of Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments, 41 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 327 It is axiomatic to the American political order that the legislature makes the laws,
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in either of these propositions, and the authority of the court disappears.
V. Conclusion
In the American legal scheme, existing law controls the process of proposing new constitutional
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will come to share conservatives' long-held discontent with expansive judicial review. Judicial legitimacy is key to prevent terrorism
Shapiro Associate Director Brookings 03
(Jeremy, March, Brookings, “French Lessons: The Importance of the Judicial System in Fighting Terrorism http:// www.brookings.edu/fp/cusf/analysis/shapiro20030325.htm) The unique nature of terrorism means that maintaining the appearance of justice and democratic legitimacy
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of terrorism without sacrificing the very values they so desperately desire to protect. Escalates to nuclear war
Speice, ’06
Patrick F. Speice, Jr., JD Candidate at The College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427
Accordingly, there is a significant and ever-present risk that terrorists could acquire
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number of casualties and potentially triggering a full-scale nuclear conflict. 50 Courts CP
AT: Perm Do Both
The permutation still links to the net benefit because it has the court issue a constitutional ruling which invalidates a restriction AT: Perm Do the CP
The permutation is severance - reject severance permutations because counterplans become impossible without net benefits and severance perms don’t disprove that inclusion of the plan precludes achieving the maximally beneficial course of action
First, their plan text says something which proves it’s a constitutional ruling or invalidation
Second, topical affs must decrease the number of restrictions on production
a. Restrictions are legal limitations on an activity
Gerald N. Hill and Kathleen T. Hill – 2005, the Free Dictionary, http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Restrictions
restriction n. any limitation on activity, by statute, regulation or contract provision. In multi-unit real estate developments, condominium and cooperative housing projects, managed by homeowners' associations or similar organizations are usually required by state law to impose restrictions on use. Thus, the restrictions are part of the "covenants, conditions and restrictions," intended to enhance the use of common facilities and property, recorded and incorporated into the title of each owner.
That means that
b. Reduce means to make smaller
Merriam-Webster – 12, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/reduce
a : to draw together or cause to converge : consolidate reduce all the questions to one
b (1) : to diminish in size, amount, extent, or number reduce taxes reduce the likelihood of war (2) : to decrease the volume and concentrate the flavor of by boiling add the wine and reduce the sauce for two minutes
c : to narrow down : restrict the Indians were reduced to small reservations
d : to make shorter : abridge
Constitutional avoidance is fundamentally distinct – it interprets a restriction instead of reducing restrictions by holding a restriction void
Michigan Law Review 09
Constitutional Interpretation and Judicial Review: A Case of the Tail Wagging the Dog
http://www.michiganlawreview.org/articles/constitutional-interpretation-and-judicial-review-a-case-of-the-tail-wagging-the-dog Manning's myopia-his inability or unwillingness to see the constitutional forest through the legislative
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in fact . . . an absurdity too gross to be insisted on."
The permutation can’t be the counterplan because the counterplan does not invalidate anything – it merely creates resistance to government action
Morrison, Law Prof at Cornell, 06
106 Colum. L. Rev. 1189 Although the most common accounts of modern avoidance proceed along the lines of the judicial
AND
rules that raise obstacles to particular governmental actions without barring those actions entirely."
The permutation severs – the affirmatives invalidation cannot be the counterplans avoidance which merely makes governmental action more difficult
Morrison, Law Prof at Cornell, 06
106 Colum. L. Rev. 1189 To be sure, the mechanism of constitutional enforcement at work in avoidance is not
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that claim for the judiciary, the same should follow for the executive. Solvency – Precedent
The counterplan creates effective precedent without making a constitutional ruling
Slocum, Law Prof at Florida Coastal, 07
(5 Geo. J.L. and Pub. Pol'y 509) The avoidance canon has been particularly important in ensuring judicial review of immigration decisions.
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to the non-criminal aliens than a constitutional decision would have been.
The counterplan solves better - underenforcement
Slocum, Assistant Professor of Law at Florida Coastal School of Law, 07
34 Fla. St. U.L. Rev. 363 Although the legitimate use of the avoidance canon in immigration cases depends on the
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the avoidance canon would still be needed in order to protect those rights. Norms – creates awareness in future relevant situations
Morrison, Law Prof at Cornell, 06
106 Colum. L. Rev. 1189 On this account, the overarching norm implemented by the avoidance canon is that if
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a restatement of the canon's point, not an indictment of it. 99 Solvency – Judicial Independence
Statutory interpretation key to judicial independence without provoking fights with other branches
Kloppenberg, Professor of Law at Dayton, 06
Symposium: Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability: Searching for the Right Balance: Does Avoiding Constitutional Questions Promote Judicial Independence? 56 Case W. Res. 1031 Rhetoric about judicial activism abounds in modern political campaigns. Bar associations and judicial organizations
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adjudication for federal courts. Many state courts employ similar presumptions about avoidance. Solvency – AT: Constitutional Ruling Key
The counterplan allows promotion of constitutional values without making a constitutional ruling
Morrison, Law Prof at Cornell, 06
106 Colum. L. Rev. 1189 Two caveats are in order here, however. First, although the constitutional enforcement
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, it must return to the legislative process and clarify its intended meaning. Judicial Restraint Now
The court will give a narrow decision on same sex marriage – proves restraint now
Fosters 3/26
(13, Fosters Daily Democrat, Restraint should be in order, www.fosters.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20130326/GJOPINION_01/130329534/-1/FOSNEWS) This week the high court is scheduled to hear oral arguments in two cases involving
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unions or same-sex marriage, DOMA will die a natural death. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
General
There are zero cards that talk about the plan – be skeptical of their advantages
Lots of states don’t want to regulate methane and alt cause – cattle
The Rural Blog 2009 - A digest of events, trends, issues, ideas and journalism from and about rural America, from the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, based at the University of Kentucky (April 27, “Cattle-state senators seek to block regulation of methane emissions from large cattle operations” http://irjci.blogspot.com/2009/04/cattle-state-senators-seek-to-block.html) The Environmental Protection Agency said April 17 that it is closer to declaring greenhouse-
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permit process for methane emissions of cattle and other livestock," writes Hare. States are regulating now
Russell 2012 - President, Independent Petroleum Association of America (April 28, Barry, “Duplicative and Unnecessary Regulations” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/04/regulating-natural-gas-whats-t.php) Most of these proposals are either un-necessary, duplicative or both. Two
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techniques, and other measures, to significantly reduce emissions from development operations. Obama will succeed with a wave of judicial nominations now
McCarter, Senior Political Writer for Daily Kos, 3/4
(13, Obama picks up steam on judicial nominations, www.dailykos.com/story/2013/03/04/1191497/-Obama-picks-up-steam-on-judicial-nominations) Obama picks up steam on judicial nominations The Senate Republican obstruction gambit is responsible,
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raft of nominees before them will keep a spotlight on the GOP's tactics.
Constitutional avoidance key to prevent interbranch conflict
Hooper, Associate at Lightfoot, Franklin and White LLC, 02
59 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 975 Although legal scholars typically regard the Ashwander and Crowell opinions as the foundational cases of
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within the federal government because it preserves Congress's supremacy in the legislative sphere.
A threatened Congress will strike back at the judiciary through the appointments process
Geyh, Chair of Law Department @ Indiana, 06
(Charles Gardner. When courts and congress collide: the struggle for control of America’s Judicial System. P. 208)
The rise of customary judicial independence has been accompanied by a corresponding decline in judicial
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with new appointments rather than by other, discredited means of court control.
Blocking judicial appointments ensures rollback of abortion rights domestically and abroad
Clark 11
Winter, Grassroots Organizer, Ms, Abortion Rights ON THE Line, Lexis ON THE DOWNSIDE, ANTI-ABORTION LEADERS ARE already attempting to dictate who should
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majority of Republican appointees, which does not bode well for women's rights.
Access to safe abortions key to prevent overpopulation
Tucker, Senior editor of The Futurist, 06
Strategies for Containing Population Growth, http://patricktucker.com/2010/04/01/strategies-for-containing-population-growth/ The progress that humanity has made in curbing population growth could be undone in the
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world’s women are all essential to keeping the earth’s population within reasonable limits. Nuclear annihilation
Ehrlich and Ehrlich 90
Paul Ehrlich and Anne Ehrlich, Stanford Biologists, The Population Explosion, 1990 p. 174-175 The population explosion contributes to international tensions and therefore makes a nuclear holocaust more likely
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overpopulated nations struggle to divide up dwindling resources in a deteriorating global environment. Methane Advantage
Warming
Developing countries, lax regulation, and profit maximization means warming is inevitable
Porter 2013 - writes the Economic Scene column for the Wednesday Business section (March 19, Eduardo, “A Model for Reducing Emissions” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/20/business/us-example-offers-hope-for-cutting-carbon-emissions.html?_r=1and) Even if every American coal-fired power plant were to close, that would
AND
They are all totally devoted to replacing the reserves they consume every year.” No impact – empirics
Willis et. al, ’10 Kathy J. Willis, Keith D. Bennett, Shonil A. Bhagwat and H. John B. Birks (2010): 4 °C and beyond: what did this mean for biodiversity in the past?, Systematics and Biodiversity, 8:1, 3-9, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/14772000903495833,
The most recent climate models and fossil evidence for the early Eocene Climatic Optimum (
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subtle changes in plant–animal interactions (Harrington and Jaramillo, 2007). Federalism Advantage
Chem Industry
No impact to the Chemical industry—
a. Egregious author bias- their impact evidence is from the International Council of Chemical Associations and doesn’t cite any distinct studies to prove the argument. b. No internal link- their evidence doesn’t predict price hikes will utterly destroy the industry- at worst growth is stalled, no brink to industry-wide collapse – at worst growth is slowed which is a far cry from collapse Worst case scenario we buy the chemical products from other states- US isn’t key
NASDAQ, 2012
9-6. Subset of Ameritrade, stock market exchange. “Chemical Industry Stock Outlook - Sept. 2012 - Zacks Analyst Interviews,” http://community.nasdaq.com/News/2012-09/chemical-industry-stock-outlook-sept-2012-zacks-analyst-interviews.aspx?storyid=170806#ixzz28UcPva8c The chemical industry, a nearly $3 trillion global business, has grown at
AND
million additional jobs are backed by the purchasing activity of the chemical industry. Chemical industry hurting now- commodity prices, global downturn, housing, currency exchange
NASDAQ, 2012
9-6. Subset of Ameritrade, stock market exchange. “Chemical Industry Stock Outlook - Sept. 2012 - Zacks Analyst Interviews,” http://community.nasdaq.com/News/2012-09/chemical-industry-stock-outlook-sept-2012-zacks-analyst-interviews.aspx?storyid=170806#ixzz28UcPva8c The global nature of the industry puts competitive issues into sharp focus. The U
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the recessionary conditions and expects currency headwinds to continue given the weak euro.
Federalism
Energy decentralization fails – leads to dominance of special interest groups – cooperative federalism fails
Pursley ’12 - Assistant Professor, The University of Toledo College of Law (date from most recent cite, Garrick B., “Unblocking Cooperative Energy Governance” http://www.law.northwestern.edu/searlecenter/papers/Pursley_Unblocking.pdf)
The potential pathologies of full decentralization of regulatory authority should give ¶ us pause.
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diversity, state governments might be counterproductive partners for the ¶ federal government.
Cooperative federalism is inevitable – interest groups
Greve 2000 - John G. Searle Scholar, American Enterprise Institute; Ph.D. Cornell University (Winter, Michael S., “AGAINST COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM” 70 Miss. L.J. 557, Lexis)
In practice, however, American federalism has become an administrative, "cooperative federalism": state and local governments administer and implement federal programs. n4 Many state administered programs are funded by the federal government, in whole or, more often, in part. Others take the form of conditional preemption, meaning that the states may choose to administer the federal program or else, cede the regulatory field to the federal government. Cooperative federalism covers an enormous array of regulatory fields, from the environment to education to welfare and, lately, crime control. In its horizontal dimension, cooperative federalism replaces dual federalism's competition with state policy cartels and uniform regulatory baselines. n5 *559 ¶ This article argues that cooperative federalism is a rotten idea, its political popularity notwithstanding. Cooperative federalism undermines political transparency and accountability, thereby heightening civic disaffection and cynicism; diminishes policy competition among the states; and erodes self-government and liberty. The sooner we can think of viable means to curtail cooperative programs and to disentangle government functions, the better off we shall be.¶ We may not be able to think of such means, much less to put them to work, any time soon. Dual, competitive (or, in modern public choice parlance, "market-preserving") federalism n6 is unstable, principally because it frustrates political and interest group demands. Under realistic conditions, dual federalism's legal institutional structures will crumble and accommodate anticompetitive, cooperative entanglements. n7 The corollary proposition is that cooperative federalism, unlike *560 its virtuous but frail competitive cousin, is stable. It accommodates the political and interest group demands that dual federalism frustrates, thus giving organized groups a stake in the system. "Stable" does not mean static: cooperative federalism periodically accommodates new demands, at a higher level of aggregate government spending. The moving political equilibrium point is the next circle of hellish entanglement. n8 "Stable" simply means that fundamental institutional challenges, and especially attempts to re-introduce competitive structures, will usually founder on cooperative federalism's political economy.¶ We have nothing resembling a political theory that would explain how dual, market-preserving federalism might preserve itself, n9 or how it might re-emerge from a cesspool of cooperation. The difficulty of the task may help explain why thoughtful scholars have acknowledged and conceded potent arguments against cooperative arrangements, and then dismissed those arguments on the grounds that cooperative federalism is real and therefore rational, or at any rate inevitable. n10 Before we succumb to Hegelian insouciance, though, cooperative federalism's manifest failures and dysfunctionalities compel another look at the problem of moving from cooperation to competition.
Turn – cooperative federalism means the federal government bows to the states
Reisinger et al. 2010 - Staff Attorney for the Ohio Environmental Council and Member of its Ohio ¶ Environmental Law Center. J.D (Winter, Will, Trent A. Doherty, and Nolan Moser, Director of Legal Affairs for the Ohio Environmental Council and Director of the ¶ Ohio Environmental Law Center. J.D AND Director of Clean Air and Energy Programs, the Ohio Environmental Council. J.D, DUKE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW and POLICY FORUM Vol. 20:1, “ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT AND THE ¶ LIMITS OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM: ¶ WILL COURTS ALLOW CITIZEN SUITS TO ¶ PICK UP THE SLACK?” http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048andcontext=delpf)
The primary goal of federal environmental statutes was to ¶ empower states to enforce national
AND
increase their own spending to make up the balance of ¶ enforcement funding. Cooperative federalism is inevitable – Reagan administration proves
Greve 2000 - John G. Searle Scholar, American Enterprise Institute; Ph.D. Cornell University (Winter, Michael S., “AGAINST COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM” 70 Miss. L.J. 557, Lexis)
The first Reagan Administration undertook a serious effort to disentangle cooperative federalism. n73 One
AND
re-categorized block grants and imposed new restrictions on federal funding programs.¶
In the face of centralizing pressures, the Reagan Administration abandoned its decongestion objectives and
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administrative autonomy, and more federal money, for state and local governments. 2nc
Coop Fed
Cooperative federalism is inevitable – interest groups
Greve 2000 - John G. Searle Scholar, American Enterprise Institute; Ph.D. Cornell University (Winter, Michael S., “AGAINST COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM” 70 Miss. L.J. 557, Lexis)
In practice, however, American federalism has become an administrative, "cooperative federalism": state and local governments administer and implement federal programs. n4 Many state administered programs are funded by the federal government, in whole or, more often, in part. Others take the form of conditional preemption, meaning that the states may choose to administer the federal program or else, cede the regulatory field to the federal government. Cooperative federalism covers an enormous array of regulatory fields, from the environment to education to welfare and, lately, crime control. In its horizontal dimension, cooperative federalism replaces dual federalism's competition with state policy cartels and uniform regulatory baselines. n5 *559 ¶ This article argues that cooperative federalism is a rotten idea, its political popularity notwithstanding. Cooperative federalism undermines political transparency and accountability, thereby heightening civic disaffection and cynicism; diminishes policy competition among the states; and erodes self-government and liberty. The sooner we can think of viable means to curtail cooperative programs and to disentangle government functions, the better off we shall be.¶ We may not be able to think of such means, much less to put them to work, any time soon. Dual, competitive (or, in modern public choice parlance, "market-preserving") federalism n6 is unstable, principally because it frustrates political and interest group demands. Under realistic conditions, dual federalism's legal institutional structures will crumble and accommodate anticompetitive, cooperative entanglements. n7 The corollary proposition is that cooperative federalism, unlike *560 its virtuous but frail competitive cousin, is stable. It accommodates the political and interest group demands that dual federalism frustrates, thus giving organized groups a stake in the system. "Stable" does not mean static: cooperative federalism periodically accommodates new demands, at a higher level of aggregate government spending. The moving political equilibrium point is the next circle of hellish entanglement. n8 "Stable" simply means that fundamental institutional challenges, and especially attempts to re-introduce competitive structures, will usually founder on cooperative federalism's political economy.¶ We have nothing resembling a political theory that would explain how dual, market-preserving federalism might preserve itself, n9 or how it might re-emerge from a cesspool of cooperation. The difficulty of the task may help explain why thoughtful scholars have acknowledged and conceded potent arguments against cooperative arrangements, and then dismissed those arguments on the grounds that cooperative federalism is real and therefore rational, or at any rate inevitable. n10 Before we succumb to Hegelian insouciance, though, cooperative federalism's manifest failures and dysfunctionalities compel another look at the problem of moving from cooperation to competition.
Turn – cooperative federalism means the federal government bows to the states
Reisinger et al. 2010 - Staff Attorney for the Ohio Environmental Council and Member of its Ohio ¶ Environmental Law Center. J.D (Winter, Will, Trent A. Doherty, and Nolan Moser, Director of Legal Affairs for the Ohio Environmental Council and Director of the ¶ Ohio Environmental Law Center. J.D AND Director of Clean Air and Energy Programs, the Ohio Environmental Council. J.D, DUKE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW and POLICY FORUM Vol. 20:1, “ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT AND THE ¶ LIMITS OF COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM: ¶ WILL COURTS ALLOW CITIZEN SUITS TO ¶ PICK UP THE SLACK?” http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1048andcontext=delpf)
The primary goal of federal environmental statutes was to ¶ empower states to enforce national
AND
increase their own spending to make up the balance of ¶ enforcement funding. Cooperative federalism is inevitable – Reagan administration proves
Greve 2000 - John G. Searle Scholar, American Enterprise Institute; Ph.D. Cornell University (Winter, Michael S., “AGAINST COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM” 70 Miss. L.J. 557, Lexis)
The first Reagan Administration undertook a serious effort to disentangle cooperative federalism. n73 One
AND
re-categorized block grants and imposed new restrictions on federal funding programs.¶
In the face of centralizing pressures, the Reagan Administration abandoned its decongestion objectives and
AND
administrative autonomy, and more federal money, for state and local governments.
Warming 2NC
Warming inevitable and there’s nothing you can do about it
Solomon et al, IPCC Climate Science Co-Chair, ‘09 (Susan- member of the US National Academy of Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, and the Academy of Sciences of France, Nobel Peace Prize Winner, Chairwoman of the IPCC, February 10, “Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions” PNAS, Vol 106, http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf)
Over the 20th century, the atmospheric concentrations of key greenhouse gases increased due to
AND
magnitude that is directly linked to the peak level of carbon dioxide reached.
Uniqueness – Appointments Succeed Now
Obama judicial appointments will be successfully pushed through now
Washington Post 3/3
(13, Obama pushing to diversify federal judiciary amid GOP delays, articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-03/politics/37418000_1_president-obama-house-counsel-kathryn-ruemmler-judicial-confirmation-votes
The president has named three dozen judicial candidates since January and is expected to nominate
AND
do not apply to nominees for the Supreme Court or federal appeals courts. Avoidance Avoids Fight With Congress
Constitutional Avoidance key to sustain minimalism and reduce inter branch conflict
Hooper, Associate at Lightfoot, Franklin and White LLC, 02
59 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 975 On the other side of the equation, commentators who support the judiciary's use of
AND
"update" statutes by construing them to comport with society's constitutional values. Statutory interpretation of immigration law key to avoid controversy
Hooper, Associate at Lightfoot, Franklin and White LLC, 02
59 Wash and Lee L. Rev. 975 The following subpart analyzes the discussion of immigration policy in Congress, American society,
AND
as the debate following the terrorist attacks of September 11 aptly displayed. 161
The counterplan solves while avoiding backlash
Motomura, Law Prof at Colorado, 90
100 Yale L.J. 545 The principal decisions that have contributed to this expansion of judicial review in immigration cases
AND
and standing doctrines come to mind -- that tend to limit judicial review. Abortion Impacts Abortion rights key to gender equality – solves global conflict
Morgantaler 96
Henry Morgentaler. President of the Humanist Association of Canada, “The moral case for abortion.” Free Inquiry, Summer 1996 v16 n3 p17(5) The right to legal abortion is a relatively new achievement, only about twenty-
AND
and conflict, and adding a new dimension to the adventure of mankind. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Democrats prefer the CP to the plan – they don’t trust Republican states to regulate.
John Kincaid, 2012, Professor of Government and Public Service and Director of the Meyner Center for the Study of State and Local Government, Lafayette College, “State-Federal Relations:
Revolt Against Coercive Federalism,” http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/drupal/system/files/john_kincaid_2012_0.pdf
At the same time, partisan polarization has revived a kind of dual, competitive
AND
, D.C., faces many states controlled by the other party. 1NR
AT: Border Security
Working to resolve border security issue now
Gaynor, 3/27 (Tim, 3/27/2013, Reuters News, “UPDATE 2-U.S. Senators say they expect to deliver immigration bill,” Factiva))
NOGALES, Ariz, March 27 (Reuters) - Members of a bipartisan group
AND
agreed to and done .. the day we come back," he said.
Border tour resolving concerns of border security
Silva, 3/27 (Cristina, 3/27/2013, Associated Press Newswires, “Senators promise immigration overhaul bill by April after tour of US-Mexico border,” Factiva))
NOGALES, Ariz. (AP) - A bipartisan group of senators crafting a
AND
Coast saying `We need a fence everywhere or we don't.'"
Thumper
2NC AT: Thumpers (Generic)
No thumper – Immigration is the top priority in Congress and will be dealt with right after the Easter Recess
*Insert Top Priority/Cross-Apply U/Q*
Obama is shifting back to immigration but taking a behind the scenes approach to prevent backlash
This ev also proves that the guns thumper is priced into Obama’s political strategy
Sink, 3/26 (Justin, 3/26/2013, “After taking hit in the polls, Obama pivots back to immigration reform,” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/290249-after-taking-hit-in-the-polls-obama-pivots-back-to-immigration))
The White House hopes to bolster President Obama’s political standing by shifting attention from the
AND
bad blood among the House GOP that direct presidential involvement drives away support.”
AT: Gun Control
Obama not spending capital on guns
Steinhauer, 3/15 (Jennifer, 3/15/2013, NYTimes.com Feed, “Party-Line Vote in Senate Panel for Ban on Assault Weapons,” Factiva))
President Obama has made an emphatic call for new gun regulations, but he so far has not spent extensive political capital on the effort. In visits to Capitol Hill to meet with lawmakers this week, the issue barely came up. “The Senate has now advanced legislation addressing three of the most important elements of my proposal to help reduce the epidemic of gun violence in this country,” he said in a statement.
AT: Keystone
If Obama approves Keystone it will include something to keep both sides happy
Harder, 3/18 (Amy, 3/18/2013, “Approving the Keystone Pipeline Won't Bring Obama Bipartisan Goodwill,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/approving-the-keystone-pipeline-won-t-bring-obama-bipartisan-goodwill-20130317))
If President Obama wants to approve the Keystone XL pipeline as a way of extending
AND
a bit of solace to environmental groups worrying that Obama will approve Keystone.
Won’t do it anytime soon – will focus on Immigration first – Sink
AT: Moniz
Appointments empirically don’t drain capital
Hutchison, 12-2 --- author, political analyst and a frequent political commentator on MSNBC and a weekly co-host of the Al Sharpton Show on American Urban Radio Network
(Earl Ofari, 12/2/2012, “Rice Nomination Fight Won’t Drain President Obama’s Political Capital,” www.eurweb.com/2012/12/rice-nomination-fight-wont-drain-president-obamas-political-capital/)
It won’t hurt him. All presidents from time to time face some backlash from
AND
likelihood of any lasting harm to the administration will be minimal to nonexistent.
Link
2NC AT: Plan Popular
Link outweighs – areas of disagreement will be highlighted
Metzler, 12 (4/20/2012, Rebekah, “Energy Policy Becoming a Losing Issue for Obama; Republicans have been pounding the president on high gas prices as domestic oil production is at a level not seen in over a decade,” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/20/energy-policy-becoming-a-losing-issue-for-obama)
But Paul Bledsoe, senior adviser at the Bipartisan Policy Center, says Obama's actual
AND
pinching people's pocketbooks, the steeper Obama's climb to re-election becomes.
Passage is contingent on continued bipartisan cooperation
Fabian, 1/30 (Jordan, 1/30/2013, “Obama Confident Immigration Reform Passes This Year,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/president-obama-confident-immigration-reform-passes-year/story?id=18358660))
President Barack Obama expressed confidence on Wednesday that he would sign comprehensive immigration reform into
AND
security is a precondition for gaining legal permanent residence, and then citizenship.
I/L 2NC AT: Intrinsicness (Short)
Link proves DA is intrinsic – plan will affect Obama’s agenda – evaluating politics good for decision-making – willpower is finite and we should learn about making tough choices – teaches us about negotiations which is good for policy advocacy especially on this topic
2NC AT: Compartmentalization
The plan is the wrong political strategy – it confronts rather than getting them on board
Collinson, 3/7 (Stephen, 3/7/2013, Agence France Presse, “Obama tries new tack -- talking to Republicans,” Factiva)
President Barack Obama has hit on a novel antidote to Washington's endless cycle of political
AND
spectacle in Washington these days -- political foes actually talking to one another.
2NC AT: House L/T
Boehner can move immigration reform through the House --- he empirically suspends the Hastert rule to get controversial legislation passed
Fabian, 3/1 (Jordan, 3/1/2013, “How the GOP Could Break an Unwritten Rule and Pass Immigration Reform,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/gop-break-unwritten-rule-pass-immigration-reform/story?id=18622924))
House Republican leaders eschewed a long-held principle when they held a vote on
AND
a sensible outcome if a majority of House Republicans do not support it."
Can pass House --- high level GOP support
MacAskill, 3/27 (Ewen, 3/27/2013, Guardian.co.uk, “Latino leaders say 'it is past time' for American immigration reform,” Factiva))
*Janet Murguia is president of the National Council of La Raza
The House, where the Republicans have a majority, could potentially be more awkward than the Senate. Marguia, speaking after the press conference, was hopeful that the House will go ahead with a bill given that the Speaker John Boehner and other senior Republicans had voiced support, as well as Republican senators close to the Tea Party such as Marco Rubio and Rand Paul. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1NC K
You should view consumption as a complex network of environmental pressures – addressing one “hotspot” for environmental collapse distracts focus from the broader system and produces efficiency gains that are only re-invested for more consumption – only a reduction in consumption patterns can solve inevitable human extinction
Ehrlich and Ehrlich 13
(Paul, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford, “Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?”, January 9, 2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences) But today, for the first time, humanity's global civilization—the worldwide,
AND
or that gross domestic product can be disengaged from resource use 26.
The rebound effect means that technological gains in efficiency ultimately cause more consumption – renewables don’t displace fossil fuels but in fact supplement them
Foster et al 10
(John Bellamy, prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, Brett Clark, asst prof of sociology @ NC-State, Richard York, associate prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, The Ecological Rift, pgs. 183-191) Eco-Efficiency of National Economies Stephen Bunker, an environmental sociologist, found that
AND
be modified if technological advances are to be translated into natural resource conservation.
Wind requires tons of rare earth minerals – causes increased toxicity
Cho 2012 (September 19, Renee, “Rare Earth Metals: Will We Have Enough?” http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2012/09/19/rare-earth-metals-will-we-have-enough/) Wind power has grown around 7 percent a year, increasing by a factor of
AND
becoming accessible and a number of countries are positioning themselves to exploit them. Our alternative is to reject the politics of technological production Rather than focusing on production of technology, we should embrace our ability to shape and transform our subjectivity as consumers, embracing voluntary simplicity – this debate offers a crucial moment to produce alternative knowledge about everyday living practices
Alexander ‘11
(Samuel, University of Melbourne; Office for Environmental Programs/Simplicity Institute, “
Voluntary Simplicity as an Aesthetics of Existence”, Social Sciences Research Network, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941087) The aim of this paper, however, is not to present a thorough analysis
AND
might open up space to ‘think differently,’18 to think otherwise. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1nc California CP
The government of the state of California should incentivize offshore wind production.
California can develop significant offshore wind
Miller, 12 (9/14/2012, Craig, “Studies: Offshore Wind Potential is Huge,” http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/09/14/studies-offshore-wind-potential-is-huge/)
“California has a tremendous offshore wind resource,” said Habib Dagher, who joined
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a whole new generation of turbines that ride the waves like big buoys.
In March, Dagher’s group will place an experimental floating turbine off the Maine coast
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to get a quarter of its electricity from offshore wind farms by 2020. Federal government will empirically model
Keppley, 12 --- M.A. Candidate, International Relations and Environmental Policy at Boston University (Summer 2012, Jesse M., The Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies, “A Comparative Analysis of California and German Renewable Energy Policy: ACTORS AND OUTCOMES,” http://www.du.edu/korbel/jais/journal/volume4/volume4_keppley.pdf) Conclusion
Renewable energy policy is sure to continue evolving over the coming decades. Moving beyond
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expect future federal policies to build off of the model established by California. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Natural Gas
Natural gas prices are rising now – causes utilities to shift to coal
Litvak 2012 (November 9, Anya, “Pennsylvania coal industry faces changing future” http://www.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/print-edition/2012/11/09/coal-industry-faces-changing-future.html?page=all) When having a discussion on the future of coal, it would be unlikely to
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day, American people won’t stand for that privilege to be taken away.” Expansive deployment of renewables drives down natural gas prices
Blake, Editor of the Washington Monthly, 09
(The Rooftop Revolution, www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2009/0903.blake.html)
In some nations where feed-in tariffs have reached critical mass, there is
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cut your use of natural gas, bringing prices down across the board. EPA regulations mean low natural gas prices stop the shift to CCS
McCarthy and Copeland 2011 - Specialist in Environmental Policy AND Specialist in Resources and Environmental Policy (August 8, James E. and Claudia, “EPA’s Regulation of Coal-Fired Power: Is a “Train Wreck” Coming? ” http://www.lawandenvironment.com/uploads/file/CRS-EPA.pdf) What these scenarios tell us is that utilities will look at the impending regulations and
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the current economics of the plant due to natural gas and coal prices. Cheap natural gas obliterates the railroad industry – Coal shipping and competition with trucking
Ferry, Contributor to the Motley Fool Blog Network, 12
(6/17, Railroads Prepare for the Threat of Natural Gas, beta.fool.com/catominor/2012/06/17/railroads-prepare-threat-natural-gas/5836/
North American's freight railroads have delivered impressive performances since deregulation in the 1980s, growing
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capital, this prospect could negatively impact shareholders for many years to come.
Railroads key to military readiness and deployment
Pike, Policy analyst at the Federation of American Scientists, 12
(Strategic Rail Corridor Network (STRACNET), www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/stracnet.htm)
The military places heavy and direct reliance on railroads to integrate bases and connect installations
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of over 38,000 miles of track serving over 170 defense installations. Training is key to readiness which is key to global deterrence – decline causes lashout and war
Spencer, Senior Research Fellow at Heritage, 2000
(The Facts About Military Readiness, www.heritage.org/research/reports/2000/09/bg1394-the-facts-about-military-readiness
Military readiness is vital because declines in America's military readiness signal to the rest of
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277 in fiscal year (FY) 1996 to 189 in FY 2000. 2NC Flaring Impact
Low prices cause flaring
Weber, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, 12
(May, THE LOOMING NATURAL GAS TRANSITION IN THE UNITED STATES, www.c2es.org/docUploads/natural-gas-transition-us.pdf)
These attractive market opportunities are offset in some respects by the negative environmental impacts that
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many cases to flare the gas rather than to harness and distribute it.
Flaring depletes the ozone layer - extinction
Osai, Professor of Social Sciences at The Rivers State College of Arts and Science, 02
(SHELL AS AGAMA LIZARD, www.waado.org/Environment/OilCompanies/Shell-Communities/ShellsFalsePR.html)
Talking of the impact of gas flaring on the environment, in 1984/85
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about pollution and its negative impact on the environment - immediate or otherwise. 2NC Russian Exports Impact
Low prices key to gas exports
Slutz, President and Managing Director of Global Energy Strategies LLC, 12
(9/4, The Shale Gas Revolution Implications for U.S. and Canadian Energy Policy and Asian Energy Security, www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/ETA/Slutz_interview_09042012.pdf
It is important to appreciate that before natural gas exports can occur, industry must
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go to market. Economics will ultimately determine how much gas is exported.
US gas exports collapse the Russian economy
Mead, Professor of Foreign Affairs at Bard, 12
(North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache, blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/)
North America’s shale gas boom is chipping away at the market for gas producers like
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market would be a major check on Russian economic growth and political influence.
Extinction
Filger, columnist and founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, 09
(Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction, www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html)
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree
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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. 2NC Japan Exports Impact
Low prices key to gas exports
Slutz, President and Managing Director of Global Energy Strategies LLC, 12
(9/4, The Shale Gas Revolution Implications for U.S. and Canadian Energy Policy and Asian Energy Security, www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/ETA/Slutz_interview_09042012.pdf
It is important to appreciate that before natural gas exports can occur, industry must
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go to market. Economics will ultimately determine how much gas is exported.
LNG exports trade off with Japan nuclear restart
Cunningham, Policy Analyst at the American Security Project, March
(2013, The Geopolitical Implications of U.S. Natural Gas Exports, americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200116%20-%20The%20Geopolitical%20Implications%20of%20U.S.%20Natural%20Gas%20Exports.pdf) LNG exports will help American allies in two key regions - Europe and Asia -
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actively lobbying the U.S. government to permit new LNG exports. Japanese nuclear power is key to cooperation overall
Itoh, Senior Analyst in the Strategy Research Unit at the The Institute of Energy Economics, March, ’13 ¶ Shoichi Itoh, Energy Security in Northeast Asia: A Pivotal Moment for the U.S.-Japan Alliance, March 12th 2013, www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/03/12-energy-security-itoh?rssid=energy+and+environmentandutm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed%3A+BrookingsRSS%2Ftopics%2Fenergyandenvironment+%28Brookings+Topics+-+Energy+and+Environment%29 It also must be emphasized that Japan’s nuclear future will directly affect the range of
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use and producing a large number of the world’s top-class engineers.
US/Japan alliance solves the most likely scenario for war
Nye et al., Former Deputy Secretary of State, 2K
Joseph S. Nye, Professor @ The John F. Kennedy School of Government @ Harvard University, Former Deputy Secretary of State, Former Assistant Secretary of Defense, Richard L. Armitage, Former Deputy Secretary of State, Michael J. Green, Advisor and Japan Chair @ The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Associate Professor @ The Walsh School of Foreign Service, Kurt M. Campbell, Fellow @ The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Frank Jannuzi, Minority Staff Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Edward J. Lincoln, Fellow @ The Brookings Institution, “The United States and Japan: Advancing Toward a Mature Partnership,” The Institute for National Strategic Studies, October 11th 2000, http://homepage2.nifty.com/moru/lib/nichibei-anpo/pdf/INSS%20Special%20Report.pdf
Asia, in the throes of historic change, should carry major weight in the
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. to affect the security environment from the Pacific to the Persian Gulf. Prices Rising – Demand
Prices are rising – cold weather, production decline, demand from utilities – that’s WSJ
Natural gas demand means prices are rising and will stay up
Barrons 3/21/13 (“Natural Gas Prices Up 12% In March; Some NGL Energy Plays Undervalued” http://blogs.barrons.com/stockstowatchtoday/2013/03/21/natural-gas-prices-up-12-in-march-some-ngl-energy-plays-undervalued/2/) While land drilling in carbon-rich shale formations has produced an overabundance of dry
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, and now trades at only 3.9x our 2014 EBITDAX estimate.
Natural gas prices are rising – demand means storage levels are down and production is flat
Globe and Mail 3/19/13 (“Gas price rally is something to bark about” http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/gas-price-rally-is-something-to-bark-about/article9881522/) Natural gas prices appear to be waking up from their two-year coma.
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power generators are still enjoying some market share stolen from the coal guys.
Natural gas prices rising – increased demand
Adams, Chief Contributor for Atomic Energy Insights and small nuclear plant operator/designer, 12 (8/31, Where is the huge increase in US natural gas supply?, atomicinsights.com/2012/08/where-is-the-huge-increase-in-natural-gas-supply.html
Low prices natural gas prices in the US are largely an artifact of an economic
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ground inventory of natural gas is roughly equal to ONE month of demand. AT: Displacement NO displacement in offshore wind – supplemental effect
Vartabedian, 12/9 (Ralph, 12/9/2012, “Rise in renewable energy will require more use of fossil fuels,” http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-unreliable-power-20121210,0,6250142.story) The Delta Energy Center, a power plant … analyst for electricity supply.
2nc Uniqueness --- Rate of Renewable Increase Slowing Renewable growth slowing now --- declining investment
Woody, 3/12 (Todd, 3/12/2013, “Is the renewable energy boom slowing down?” http://qz.com/62147/is-the-renewable-energy-boom-slowing-down/)) The numbers are in on 2012 and it ….—or a whole lot of server farms. Continued uncertainty over the PTC will slow new wind projects
Crooks, 1/2 (Ed, 1/2/2013, “US wind power investment set to fall,” http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/4a9b6d6e-54fb-11e2-a628-00144feab49a.html#axzz2MdV0Ertg)) Investment in US wind power is expected to … would deter investment and innovation. Add-Ons
SQ Solves Trawling 2NC
Global action and EU spillover occurring now- solves their internal link
Stokstad, author @ Science Insider, subset of ScienceMag, 2012,
7-20, Erik, “European Commission Proposes Protections for Deep-Sea Habitat,” http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/07/european-commission-proposes-pro.html The European Commission wants to tighten its oversight of deep-sea habitat, proposing
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would mean a commission ban on deep-sea bottom trawling in 2015.
AT: Bioterror
Countries won’t use bioweapons- they are too unrealiable
MIT 2 (Ocotber 30, pg. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2002/anthrax-1030.html)
Biological weapons - which could contain germs that cause diseases such as anthrax, smallpox
AND
you have a weapon. If not, you don't," said Guillemin. |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Politics
Obama’s new charm offensive is paying off – it is creating cooperation that is yielding progress on immigration
Eilperin, 3/24 (Juliet, 3/24/2013, Washington Post.com, “White House’s outreach is yielding modest benefits, lawmakers say; While tensions remain, White House outreach yields modest benefits,” Factiva))
Two weeks after launching a high-profile charm offensive targeting Capitol Hill, President
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"He was not whisked out. That was not lost on anybody."
Passage is contingent on continued bipartisan cooperation
Fabian, 1/30 (Jordan, 1/30/2013, “Obama Confident Immigration Reform Passes This Year,” http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/president-obama-confident-immigration-reform-passes-year/story?id=18358660))
President Barack Obama expressed confidence on Wednesday that he would sign comprehensive immigration reform into
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security is a precondition for gaining legal permanent residence, and then citizenship.
And, reducing environmental laws is unpopular
O’Keefe, 12 --- CEO, George C. Marshall Institute (8/14/2012, William, “The Sweet Spot: Bipartisan Energy Policy,” http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/08/finding-the-sweet-spot-biparti.php?comments=expandall#comments, JMP)
We have seen that subsidies and industrial policy initiatives have unintended consequences that are far
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a “look back” process leading to eliminating or revising past regulations.
Immigration reform is key to both hard and soft power
Nye, 12-10 --- Harvard Prof and former US assistant secretary of defense, state and chairman of the US National Intelligence Council (12/10/2013, “Immigration and American Power,” http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/obama-needs-immigration-reform-to-maintain-america-s-strength-by-joseph-s~-~-nye)
CAMBRIDGE – The United States is a nation of immigrants. Except for a small
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long way toward fulfilling his promise to maintain the strength of the US.
Decline causes great power wars
Zhang and Shi, Researcher @ The Carnegie Endowment, ’11
Yuhan Zhang, Researcher at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Lin Shi, Columbia University, Independent consultant for the Eurasia Group, Consultant for the World Bank, “America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry,” January 22nd 2011, http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/
Over the past two decades, no other state has had the ability to seriously
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forecast in a future that will inevitably be devoid of unrivalled US primacy. 2NC AT: Plan Popular
Link outweighs – areas of disagreement will be highlighted
Metzler, 12 (4/20/2012, Rebekah, “Energy Policy Becoming a Losing Issue for Obama; Republicans have been pounding the president on high gas prices as domestic oil production is at a level not seen in over a decade,” http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/20/energy-policy-becoming-a-losing-issue-for-obama)
But Paul Bledsoe, senior adviser at the Bipartisan Policy Center, says Obama's actual
AND
pinching people's pocketbooks, the steeper Obama's climb to re-election becomes.
2NC AT: Thumpers (Generic)
No thumper – Immigration is the top priority in Congress and will be dealt with right after the Easter Recess
*Insert Top Priority/Cross-Apply U/Q*
Obama is shifting back to immigration but taking a behind the scenes approach to prevent backlash
This ev also proves that the guns thumper is priced into Obama’s political strategy
Sink, 3/26 (Justin, 3/26/2013, “After taking hit in the polls, Obama pivots back to immigration reform,” http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/290249-after-taking-hit-in-the-polls-obama-pivots-back-to-immigration))
The White House hopes to bolster President Obama’s political standing by shifting attention from the
AND
bad blood among the House GOP that direct presidential involvement drives away support.”
Obama not spending capital on guns
Steinhauer, 3/15 (Jennifer, 3/15/2013, NYTimes.com Feed, “Party-Line Vote in Senate Panel for Ban on Assault Weapons,” Factiva))
President Obama has made an …” he said in a statement. Wind Links
The plan gets sucked into larger congressional budget battles
Conathan, 1/31 --- Director of Ocean Policy at the Center for American Progress (1/31/2013, Michael, “Filling The Sails Of Offshore Wind Energy,” http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/01/31/1521031/filling-the-sails-of-offshore-wind-energy/?mobile=nc)
As America has stood on the sidelines, other countries such as Denmark, the
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all played a role in preventing domestic offshore wind from becoming a reality.
AT: DOI Takes Out Politics Link
1) The plan has to be Congress or 100% solvency takeout – only congress can determine preemption
Garvey, Legislative Attorney, 11
(State Authority to Regulate Nuclear Power: Federal Preemption Under the Atomic Energy Act, https://www.hsdl.org/?viewanddid=718958)
Although preemption is a constitutional principle arising from the Supremacy Clause, the extent to
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AEA accordingly. Preemption is, at its core, controlled by Congress.
2) DOI offshore wind support will fuel political backlash – 2010 offshore wind battles prove
Corbin, Reporter, 10
(Interior Department Approves Construction of Controversial Offshore Wind Farm, www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/04/28/interior-department-poised-annouce-decision-controversial-offshore-wind-farm/)
Interior Secretary Ken Salazar on Wednesday approved the construction of a controversial wind farm off
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and risks to air traffic control and a disturbance to sacred tribal land.
2NC Uniqueness
Its top of the docket and legislative momentum building --- delay could prevent passage
Silverleib, 3/27 --- CNN Congressional Producer (3/27/2013, Alan, CNN Wire, “Immigration tops agenda as senators tour border,” Factiva))
WASHINGTON (CNN) -- A bipartisan group of U.S. senators at
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Texas, and Ted Cruz of Texas also received copies of the letter.
Reform is the top priority and will pass --- stumbling blocks are resolvable
Pace, 3/27 (Julie, 3/27/2013, Associated Press Newswires, Obama says Congress could pass immigration bill by summer; remaining issues are 'resolvable'” Factiva))
WASHINGTON (AP) - President Barack Obama pressed for swift action on a sweeping
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the U.S. is being closely watched by Latin American countries.
AT: Guest Worker
Most recent ev says passage is likely because of bipartisan efforts
NYT, 3/30/2013, “Deal Is Said to Be Reached on Immigration Overhaul,” New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/31/us/politics/deal-said-to-be-reached-on-guest-worker-program-in-immigration.html
WASHINGTON — The nation’s top business and labor groups have reached an agreement on a
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end of the weekend, the person with knowledge of the talks said.
2NC AT: Winners Win/Hirsch
Their turn isn’t responsive to our bipartisanship link – Obama’s charm offensive is paying off with cooperation between the two parties. The plan poisons the well. They have no evidence that political capital will produce passage
Issue selection is key – he can only get momentum if he starts with an issue like immigration where the public mood is changing like immigration.
Hirsh, 2/7 --- Chief correspondent (2/7/2013, Michael, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital; The idea of political capital—or mandates, or momentum—is so poorly defined that presidents and pundits often get it wrong,” http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207))
Consider, as another example, the storied political career of President Franklin Roosevelt.
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, and one win may well lead to others. “Winning wins.”
Their Hirsch ev goes neg – he says that the Gang of Eight are pushing for reform for reasons that have VERY LITTLE to do with Obama’s personal influence
Wrong political strategy --- charm offensive is key to securing passage
Collinson, 3/7 (Stephen, 3/7/2013, Agence France Presse, “Obama tries new tack -- talking to Republicans,” Factiva)
President Barack Obama has hit on a novel antidote to Washington's endless cycle of political
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spectacle in Washington these days -- political foes actually talking to one another.
Poisoning the well of cooperation destroys the agenda
Wallsten and Goldfarb, ’12 (Peter Wallsten and Zachary A. Goldfarb, 12/8/2012, “Obama’s second-term agenda will be shadowed by budget woes,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/obamas-second-term-agenda-will-be-shadowed-by-budget-woes/2012/12/08/ea97e956-4091-11e2-ae43-cf491b837f7b_story.html)
One House GOP leadership aide said Obama would be unwise “if he comes in
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game politics, where he wins and . . . other people lose.” |
| 03/30/2013 | Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Case
EU
Frontline
U.S. and UK are already collaborating on floating wind turbines
Guardian, 12 (4/23/2012, by Staff and Press Association, “US and UK to collaborate on 'floating' wind turbines; The new technology could allow Britain to harness the consistently higher wind speeds available over deeper water,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/apr/23/us-uk-floating-wind-turbines)
The UK and US will work ..efficiency and transmission.
Prolif
Empirics prove that weapons don’t increase the risk of war
Tepperman ‘9 (Jonathan Tepperman a journalist based in New York City. “Why Obama should learn to love the bomb” Newsweek Nov 9, 2009 http://jonathantepperman.com/Welcome_files/nukes_Final.pdf)
A growing and compelling body of research suggests that nuclear weapons may not, in
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Since acquiring atomic weapons, the two sides have never fought another war.
Russian Expansionism
Russia doesn’t have the budget for expansionism
Koehl, Fellow at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, senior research fellow on US-European defense cooperation at the Center for Transatlantic Relations, 10-14-2K8 (Stuart, “Don't Laugh at the Bear But don't make him bigger than he is.”, The Weekly Standard)
Greenwald's main point appears to be Russia is still dangerous. It most certainly is
AND
of the Strategic Rocket Forces has no first-strike capability at all.
China
Other countries will counterbalance China’s rise – Prevents aggression
Nye, ’10
Joseph S. Nye, Jr., University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, “The Future of American Power,” Foreign Affairs, November/December 2010, Volume 89, Issue 6 AP
Some have argued that China aims to challenge the United States' position in East Asia
AND
, while hedging against the possibility of aggressive behavior as China's power grows. 2NC Internals
And, European involvement and investment in U.S. offshore wind coming now
Herndon, 12/5 (Andrew, 12/5/2012, “U.S. Offshore Wind Market Becoming ‘Real’ With European Interest,” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-12-05/u-s-offshore-wind-market-becoming-real-with-european-interest.html) European energy companies are considering participating in U.S. offshore wind-farm
AND
. companies through non-competitive offers that each involved a single company.
Coop over energy is inevitable
EU EA, 12 (12/25/2012 – last date modified, European Union External Action, “EU-US Co-operation by Sector,” http://eeas.europa.eu/us/sector_en.htm) Energy and Energy Security:
Energy security has become a key component of the EU’s foreign policy agenda. EU
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the areas of energy security, energy regulatory policy and energy technologies research.
At their Summit of June 2005, the EU and the US set ambitious goals
AND
a direct link between energy policy and the objective of combating climate change.
At the Summit of November 2009, both sides launched the EU-US Energy Council pdf - 11 KB 11 KB , a mechanism at Ministerial level featuring three permanent working groups in the areas of Global Energy Security and Markets, Energy Policies and Deployment, and Energy Technologies Cooperation.
2NC EU Economy
The Eurozone is virtually suspended now
Market Leader, 3/21 (“Experts: Cyprus May Provoke Euro Collapse,” 3/21/2013, http://www.profi-forex.us/news/entry4000004682.html))
It’s been 4 years since the latest global financial crisis. Some EU countries have
AND
monitor the situation on the H4 chart till the end of the week.
2NC Middle East Conflict
Empirically denied – no ME conflict has escalated
Drum ‘7
(Kevin-, Political Blogger @ the Washington Monthly, Sept. 9, Washington Monthly, “The Chaos Hawks”, http://www.
washingtonmonthly.com/archives/individual/2007_09/012029.php )
Having admitted, however, that the odds of a military success in Iraq are
AND
Qaeda will have a safe haven bigger than the entire continent of Europe.
Needless to say, this is nonsense. Israel has fought war after war in
AND
its bases in the Gulf. We'll hardly be absent from the region. Oceans
Alt cause – nuclear reactors
Gunter, Director of the Reactor Oversight Project at NIRS, 01
(Licensed to Kill: How the nuclear power industry destroys endangered marine wildlife and ocean habitat to save money, www.nirs.org/reactorwatch/licensedtokill/LiscencedtoKill.pdf)
Fish, fish larvae, and fish eggs are harmed and destroyed upon entering the
AND
this way, entire marine communities can lose their capacity to sustain themselves.
Internal link is ludicrous- trawling occurs globally and over any possible ocean patch- offshore wind wouldn’t take up the entire ocean
EU solves trawling- more critical than the US
Walter, 2012,
7-19, Mike, Pew Charitable Trusts, “EU Commission Makes History with Proposal to Phase Out Bottom Trawling for Deep-Sea Species,” http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/press-releases/eu-commission-makes-history-with-proposal-to-phase-out-bottom-trawling-for-deep-sea-species-85899401372 In a move that will help protect one of the most biodiverse areas on Earth
AND
Commissioner's proposal and put an end to destructive deep-sea fishing practices.”
Oil and gas exploration triggers the link
NRDC ‘12
(National Resources Defense Council, “Deep Sea Treasures Protecting the Atlantic Coast's Ancient Submarine Canyons and Seamounts,” March 2012, http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/canyons/, accessed 1-13-13) Renewed oil and gas exploration has also been approved for the Atlantic, threatening the
AND
2017 -- seismic testing to assess potential oil and gas deposits will proceed.
Alt Cause –
Overfishing
UN, 04 (“Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biodiversity”, http://www.un.org/events/tenstories/06/story.asp?storyID=800)
The magnitude of the problem of overfishing is often overlooked, given the competing claims
AND
Land based Activities, oceans are cleared at twice the rate of forests.
Don’t solve global alt causes – at best solve the US – means collapse inev 3. Aquaculture
CQ Researcher, 02 (“Threatened Fisheries”, Vol. 12, No. 27) “There's no question but that aquaculture is going to increase as an industry
AND
charge Asian exporters with false advertising by labeling an unrelated species as catfish.
Marine ecosystems are resilient.
Kennedy et. al. 02 – (Victor S. Kennedy, professor and researcher at¶ the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, COASTAL¶ AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF¶ U.S. RESOURCES, 2002, p.¶ http://www.pewclimate.org/projects/marine.cfm) There is evidence that marine organisms …. for adaptation to climate change. 2NC Defense
EU solves trawling- more critical than the US
Walter, 2012,
7-19, Mike, Pew Charitable Trusts, “EU Commission Makes History with Proposal to Phase Out Bottom Trawling for Deep-Sea Species,” http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/press-releases/eu-commission-makes-history-with-proposal-to-phase-out-bottom-trawling-for-deep-sea-species-85899401372 In a move that will help protect one of the most biodiverse areas on Earth
AND
Commissioner's proposal and put an end to destructive deep-sea fishing practices.”
Oil and gas exploration triggers the link
NRDC ‘12
(National Resources Defense Council, “Deep Sea Treasures Protecting the Atlantic Coast's Ancient Submarine Canyons and Seamounts,” March 2012, http://www.nrdc.org/oceans/canyons/, accessed 1-13-13) Renewed oil and gas exploration has also been approved for the Atlantic, threatening the
AND
2017 -- seismic testing to assess potential oil and gas deposits will proceed.
Alt Cause –
Overfishing
UN, 04 (“Overfishing: A Threat to Marine Biodiversity”, http://www.un.org/events/tenstories/06/story.asp?storyID=800)
The magnitude of the problem of overfishing is often overlooked, given the competing claims
AND
Land based Activities, oceans are cleared at twice the rate of forests.
Don’t solve global alt causes – at best solve the US – means collapse inev 3. Aquaculture
CQ Researcher, 02 (“Threatened Fisheries”, Vol. 12, No. 27) “There's no question but that aquaculture is going to increase as an industry
AND
charge Asian exporters with false advertising by labeling an unrelated species as catfish.
Marine ecosystems are resilient.
Kennedy et. al. 02 – (Victor S. Kennedy, professor and researcher at¶ the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, COASTAL¶ AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE: POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF¶ U.S. RESOURCES, 2002, p.¶ http://www.pewclimate.org/projects/marine.cfm) There is evidence that marine … adaptation to climate change. Federalism
China-Russia War
China will never attack the Russian Far East–it would be diplomatic and military suicide
Menon, 03 (Rajan, Monroe J. Rathbone Professor of International Relations at Lehigh University, The National Interest, Fall) By contrast, China's military, which was quite recently a giant horde of foot
AND
geography, demography, power and time may create in Russia's Far East. Fear of Sino-Russian border war overblown
Abelsky, ‘6 (Paul, Oct 12, “An Exaggerated Invasion: Chinese Influence in Russia's Far East Is Growing, but the Dangers Are Overplayed” Russia Profile, http://www.russiablog.org/2006/10/chinas_growing_influence_in_ru.php)
It is an opinion echoed throughout the whole region by bureaucrats, experts, and
AND
. "Just take a walk around the stalls and see for yourself."
Climate Adaption
Icebergs are a negative feedback – none of their evidence takes this into account
Macfarlane, 09 (Jo, The Daily Mail Online. “Amazing discovery of green algae which could save the world from global warming” http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1104772/Amazing-discovery-green-algae-save-world-global-warming.html?ITO=1490#)
Melting icebergs, so long the iconic image of global warming, are triggering a
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calculates that a further 26million tons of CO2 is removed from the atmosphere. Indo-Pak War
Nuclear deterrence is stable between India and Pakistan
Ganguly, poli sci prof- Indiana, 08 (Sumit, Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Intl Security Vol 33, No 2, Fall)
The Robustness of Nuclear Deterrence As the outcomes of the 1999 and 2001–02
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1971, following the outbreak of a civil war in East Pakistan.90 2NC Water
Water contamination from fracking is too rare to matter
Maugeri, Belfer Center @ Harvard School of Government, 2012,
Leonardo, June, the Geopolitics of Energy Project, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs @ John F. Kennedy School of Government @ Harvard. “Oil: The Next Revolution,” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Oil-%20The%20Next%20Revolution.pdf The results of that study are still controversial. For example, a MIT research
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practices are adopted in the drilling process and adequate controls ¶ are enforced. Innovation solves water consumption and there’s no impact
Maugeri, Belfer Center @ Harvard School of Government, 2012,
Leonardo, June, the Geopolitics of Energy Project, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs @ John F. Kennedy School of Government @ Harvard. “Oil: The Next Revolution,” http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Oil-%20The%20Next%20Revolution.pdf The consumption of water required by fracking is certainly a problem, but a much
AND - what to do of contaminated water coming up ¶ from drilling operations.
2NC Internal
Energy decentralization fails – leads to dominance of special interest groups – cooperative federalism fails
Pursley ’12 - Assistant Professor, The University of Toledo College of Law (date from most recent cite, Garrick B., “Unblocking Cooperative Energy Governance” http://www.law.northwestern.edu/searlecenter/papers/Pursley_Unblocking.pdf)
The potential pathologies of full decentralization of regulatory authority should give ¶ us pause.
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diversity, state governments might be counterproductive partners for the ¶ federal government.
Cooperative federalism over energy fails – Australia proves
Jones 2009 – PhD. and lecturer at University of Queensland (March 6, Stephen, “The Future of Renewable Energy in Australia: A Test for Cooperative Federalism?” Australian Journal of Public Administration¶ Volume 68, Issue 1, pages 1–20, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00606.x/full#abstract)
In the context of debate about global warming and the search for abatement measures to
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emission by increasing the availability of renewable energy in the supply of electricity.
Cooperative federalism fails at energy policy – Australia proves
Jones 2009 – PhD. and lecturer at University of Queensland (March 6, Stephen, “The Future of Renewable Energy in Australia: A Test for Cooperative Federalism?” Australian Journal of Public Administration¶ Volume 68, Issue 1, pages 1–20, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2008.00606.x/full#abstract)
The stalling of the development of the renewable energy industry provides evidence of the impact
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federal approaches contributed to industry apprehension and lack of confidence in future investment.
Solvency
1NC
They can’t jump start offshore wind
--- Stakeholder opposition
McDonnell, 2/28 (Tim, 2/28/2013, “Why the US still doesn't have a single offshore wind turbine; Here's a look at the top four reasons why offshore wind remains elusive in the US,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/feb/28/windpower-renewableenergy)) 2. Blowback from "stakeholders": Whale and bird lovers. Defenders of tribal
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marine environment and would harm the productive, traditional fisheries of Nantucket Sound."
Last summer's "Cape Spin" is an excellent "tragicomic" rundown of the controversy:
Of course, there's another powerful factor at play here: NIMBYism. No one could put it better than fossil fuel magnate Bill Koch, owner of a $20 million Cape Cod beachfront estate and donor of $1.5 million to ANS: "I don't want this in my backyard. Why would you want to sail in a forest of windmills?"
Why indeed.
But Catherine Bowes, a senior analyst with the National Wildlife Federation, says while
AND - "We know that the biggest threat to wildlife is global warming."
--- No U.S. ships to install offshore turbines
McDonnell, 2/28 (Tim, 2/28/2013, “Why the US still doesn't have a single offshore wind turbine; Here's a look at the top four reasons why offshore wind remains elusive in the US,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/feb/28/windpower-renewableenergy)) 3. Not a single ship in the Unites States … chip in on putting up Cape Wind. Extremely costly and breaks down before planned --- thousands of wind turbines have been abandoned
Gunderson, 3/16 --- wealth management and investment advisor (3/16/2013, Bill, “GUNDERSON: Some basic facts about wind energy; It doesn’t work,” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/16/gunderson-some-basic-facts-about-wind-energy/)) When you set these facts aside, …
Just ask Al. 2NC Solvency
Permitting isn’t the key barrier --- financial issues outweigh
Trabish, 11 (7/8/2011, Herman K. Trabish, “Is the U.S. Offshore Wind Industry About to Boom?” http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-the-u.s.-offshore-wind-industry-about-to-boom) It is the success of these Obama … and RandD funding that is the obstacle. Number of other obstacles --- expiring PTC and lack of specialized vessels, port capacity, transmission lines and grid configuration
Nunez, 12/20 --- with National Geographic (12/20/2012, Christina, “As U.S. Eyes Offshore Wind Development, Whales Get New Protections,” http://theenergycollective.com/cnunez/162456/us-eyes-offshore-wind-development-whales-get-new-protections) The United States does not currently AND military operations, and wildlife. Offshore wind is not competitive --- will kill investment
Taylor, 12 (8/10/2012, Phil, EandE reporter, “OFFSHORE WIND: With advance of tax credit and OCS leases, optimism builds in nascent U.S. industry,” http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/08/10/1) Still, skeptics of Interior's offshore wind … alternatives for electricity generation."
U.S. demand will be low --- natural gas and ample onshore wind
North American WindPower, 12/17 (“Report: U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Progress Expected To Be 'Lackluster' Through 2016,” 12/17/2012, http://www.nawindpower.com/e107_plugins/content/content.php?content.10836#.UNx7WcWgRGk) Offshore wind energy installations … sizable chunk of the 185 GW pipeline |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Interpretation and violation – Financial incentives must have an effect on the broader market - that means they must be industry-wide and affect the producer’s bottom lineBenson 7 – J.D, University of Iowa (Christine C., Winter, "STUDENT NOTE: Putting Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: The Varied Success of Biofuel Incentive Policies in the United States and the European Union", 16 Transnat’l L. %26 Contemp. Probs. 633, Lexis Law) There are two main ways a government can promote an industry requiring support to survive
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the United States’ and the EU’s incentive packages vary in several respects. n150 Predictable Limits – The number of potential producers and areas for pet projects is infinitely divisible into smaller and smaller affs – explodes the topic and means the negative never has case-specific links or solvency evidence |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Natural Gas prices are rising in the long term – slowing production and increased demandWSJ 3/21/13 ("Natural Gas Blazes a Path to Higher Prices" http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324373204578374773681881796.html) Colder-than-normal weather in many parts of the U.S.
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as gas usage by power plants and trucking fleets catches up with output. Blake, Editor of the Washington Monthly, 09
(The Rooftop Revolution, www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2009/0903.blake.html)
In some nations where feed-in tariffs have reached critical mass, there is
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cut your use of natural gas, bringing prices down across the board. Slutz, President and Managing Director of Global Energy Strategies LLC, 12
(9/4, The Shale Gas Revolution Implications for U.S. and Canadian Energy Policy and Asian Energy Security, www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/ETA/Slutz_interview_09042012.pdf
It is important to appreciate that before natural gas exports can occur, industry must
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go to market. Economics will ultimately determine how much gas is exported.
US gas exports collapse the Russian economy
Mead, Professor of Foreign Affairs at Bard, 12
(North American Shale Gas Gives Russia Serious Headache, blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/04/25/north-american-shale-gas-gives-russia-serious-headache/)
North America’s shale gas boom is chipping away at the market for gas producers like
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market would be a major check on Russian economic growth and political influence. Filger, columnist and founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, 09
(Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction, www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-filger/russian-economy-faces-dis_b_201147.html)
In Russia, historically, economic health and political stability are intertwined to a degree
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the financial impact of the Global Economic Crisis is its least dangerous consequence. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Text: The United States federal government should ban solar farms. The United States federal government should fund water agencies and invest in water technology. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: The counterplan solves the case and isn’t preempted —- federal policies get watered down moreKeppley, 12 —- M.A. Candidate, International Relations and Environmental Policy at Boston University (Summer 2012, Jesse M., The Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies, "A Comparative Analysis of California and German Renewable Energy Policy: ACTORS AND OUTCOMES," http://www.du.edu/korbel/jais/journal/volume4/volume4_keppley.pdf)
Implications of the California Case
Because renewable energy policy at the federal level is limited, California has taken a
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concerns moved to the national scale where organized interests wield even more influence. Keppley, 12 —- M.A. Candidate, International Relations and Environmental Policy at Boston University (Summer 2012, Jesse M., The Josef Korbel Journal of Advanced International Studies, "A Comparative Analysis of California and German Renewable Energy Policy: ACTORS AND OUTCOMES," http://www.du.edu/korbel/jais/journal/volume4/volume4_keppley.pdf) Conclusion
Renewable energy policy is sure to continue evolving over the coming decades. Moving beyond
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expect future federal policies to build off of the model established by California. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Eilperin, 3/24 (Juliet, 3/24/2013, Washington Post.com, "White House’s outreach is yielding modest benefits, lawmakers say; While tensions remain, White House outreach yields modest benefits," Factiva))
Two weeks after launching a high-profile charm offensive targeting Capitol Hill, President
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"He was not whisked out. That was not lost on anybody." Fabian, 1/30 (Jordan, 1/30/2013, "Obama Confident Immigration Reform Passes This Year," http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/president-obama-confident-immigration-reform-passes-year/story?id=18358660-http://abcnews.go.com/ABC_Univision/Politics/president-obama-confident-immigration-reform-passes-year/story?id=18358660))
President Barack Obama expressed confidence on Wednesday that he would sign comprehensive immigration reform into
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security is a precondition for gaining legal permanent residence, and then citizenship. Metzler, 12 (4/20/2012, Rebekah, "Energy Policy Becoming a Losing Issue for Obama; Republicans have been pounding the president on high gas prices as domestic oil production is at a level not seen in over a decade," http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/20/energy-policy-becoming-a-losing-issue-for-obama-http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/04/20/energy-policy-becoming-a-losing-issue-for-obama)
But Paul Bledsoe, senior adviser at the Bipartisan Policy Center, says Obama’s actual
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pinching people’s pocketbooks, the steeper Obama’s climb to re-election becomes. LAT, 12 (11/9/2012, Carol J. Williams, "Other countries eagerly await U.S. immigration reform," http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html-http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/11/us-immigration-reform-eagerly-awaited-by-source-countries.html)
"Comprehensive immigration reform will see expansion of skilled labor visas," predicted B.
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see the immigration opportunity as a bigger plus than not," he said. Schaffer, Spring 2002 (Teresita – Director of the South Asia Program at the Center for Strategic and International Security, Washington Quarterly, p. Lexis)
Washington’s increased interest in India since the late 1990s reflects India’s economic expansion and position
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its people out of poverty depends critically on good relations with the United States US/China relations key to prevent war in Asia
Adhariri, Armed Forces Staff College national security professor, 1999
~Eschan, JANE’S INTELLIGENCE REVIEW, August 1~
Looking ahead, a continued deterioration of Sino-US ties does not bode well
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given the continued intransigence of both India and Pakistan to amicably resolve it. Asian wars go nuclear
Toshimaru Ogura and Ingyu Oh, Professors of Economics and Political Economy at Waiikato University, MONTHLY REVIEW, April, 1997, p. 30
North Korea, South Korea, and Japan have achieved quasi-or virtual nuclear
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any hot conflict among those countries would threaten to escalate into global conflagration. US-Sino relations are key prevent war in Korea
Xianquan Xu, Senior Research Fellow, Chinese Academy, International Trade and Economic Coop, 2001
(China, the United States, and the Global Economy, Shuxun Chen %26 Charles Wolf, p. 268)
In terms of security and stability in Northeast Asia, outstanding is North Korea and
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South Korea—a near-term interest that Washington and Beijing share. Korean War causes extinction
Chol, ’02 (Kim Myong, The Agreed Framework is Brain Dead, http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0212A_Chol.html)
The second choice is for the Americans to initiate military action to knock out the
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would end up finding themselves reduced to a second-class nuclear power. US/China relations key to the global economy
US Department of State, September 16, 2005 ~"Treasury’s Adams Says U.S.-China Relations Shape Global Growth," http://usinfo.state.gov/eap/Archive/2005/Sep/16-200238.html~~
The United States and China have a mutual interest in China’s development as a prosperous
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their economic relationship is a "key lever in addressing global economic imbalances." Chokshi, 3/26 (Niraj, 3/26/2013, National Journal, "Why Immigration Reform is So Hard," Factiva))
Here’s why immigration reform is so tough: It has to balance the conflicting needs
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broadly, its viability will depend on a delicate balance of conflicting interests. No thumper – Immigration is the top priority in Congress and will be dealt with right after the Easter Recess This ev also proves that the guns thumper is priced into Obama’s political strategy
Sink, 3/26 (Justin, 3/26/2013, "After taking hit in the polls, Obama pivots back to immigration reform," http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/290249-after-taking-hit-in-the-polls-obama-pivots-back-to-immigration)-http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/290249-after-taking-hit-in-the-polls-obama-pivots-back-to-immigration))
The White House hopes to bolster President Obama’s political standing by shifting attention from the
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bad blood among the House GOP that direct presidential involvement drives away support." Harder, 3/18 (Amy, 3/18/2013, "Approving the Keystone Pipeline Won’t Bring Obama Bipartisan Goodwill," http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/approving-the-keystone-pipeline-won-t-bring-obama-bipartisan-goodwill-20130317)-http://www.nationaljournal.com/daily/approving-the-keystone-pipeline-won-t-bring-obama-bipartisan-goodwill-20130317))
If President Obama wants to approve the Keystone XL pipeline as a way of extending
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a bit of solace to environmental groups worrying that Obama will approve Keystone. Leopold, 1/22 —- General Counsel and Past President, American Immigration Lawyers Association (1/22/2013, David, "Obama Takes Action on Guns and Immigration: Now It’s Congress’ Turn," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-leopold/congress-guns-immigration_b_2501651.html) It feels like déjà vu all over again.
The Congress — in particular the Republican-controlled House of Representatives — is unwilling
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nation wins when its leaders take bold action to protect the American people. Wallison, 3 —- resident fellow at AEI (1/1/2003, "A Power Shift No One Noticed," http://www.aei.org/issue/15652-http://www.aei.org/issue/15652) Control over independent regulatory agencies has traditionally resided with Congress, which created all of
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H. Donaldson, as a member of the Bush "economic team." |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Ehrlich %26 Ehrlich 13
(Paul, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?", January 9, 2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences) But today, for the first time, humanity’s global civilization—the worldwide,
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or that gross domestic product can be disengaged from resource use ~26~. Solar tech is uniquely environmentally destructive – rare earth mineral extraction alone produces massive chemical pollution, warming, soil erosion, and watershed contaminationDowney, Barnes %26 Clark 10
(Liam, is an associate professor of sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Eric, is a doctoral student at the University of Colorado at Boulder, Katherine, graduate student in environmental studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder, "Natural Resource Extraction, Armed Violence, and Environmental Degradation", Organ Environ, 2010 December; 23(4): 417–445, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169238/) The social, political, and economic importance of efficiently extracting and safely transporting natural
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link in the chain connecting human activity and social organization to environmental degradation. Our alternative is to reject the politics of technological production Rather than focusing on production of technology, we should embrace our ability to shape and transform our subjectivity as consumers, embracing voluntary simplicity – this debate offers a crucial moment to produce alternative knowledge about everyday living practices
Alexander ’11
(Samuel, University of Melbourne; Office for Environmental Programs/Simplicity Institute, "
Voluntary Simplicity as an Aesthetics of Existence", Social Sciences Research Network, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941087) The aim of this paper, however, is not to present a thorough analysis
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might open up space to ’think differently,’18 to think otherwise. Rare earth minerals produce massive toxic waste and environmental destruction – increased demand motivates poor environmental accounting and encourages global ecological violence for short-term profitIves 13
(Mike, writer based in Hanoi, Vietnam whose work has appeared in the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, Smithsonian Online, and other publications. In Vietnam he reports for the Associated Press. In earlier articles for Yale Environment 360, he reported on efforts to reintroduce native tree species to Vietnam’s war-scarred landscape and how melting glaciers are exacerbating water shortages in northwestern China, "Boom in Mining Rare Earths Poses Mounting Toxic Risks", January 28, 2013, http://e360.yale.edu/feature/boom_in_mining_rare_earths_poses_mounting_toxic_risks/2614/) All of these projects, however, must come to grips with the toxic and
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unpaid advice to both the company and the activists who oppose its plans. Ehrlich %26 Ehrlich 13
(Paul, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?", January 9, 2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences) Another possible threat to the continuation of civilization is global toxification. Adverse symptoms of
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climate disruption ~80~) are waiting in the wings ready for deployment. The aff’s calls for pragmatism and specificity are a farce – their change in energy strategy represents conscious adoption of larger institutional logics, not an incremental change in existing policy – only radical analysis of the energy system takes the aff’s change seriously and avoids error replicationByrne %26 Toly 6
(Josh, director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy and distinguished professor of energy and climate policy at the University of Delaware, Noah, Associate Professor of Urban Studies and Politics %26 International Relations, Director of Urban Studies Program at Wheaton, "Energy as a Social Project: Recovering a Discourse", pgs. 1-32 in Transforming Power: Energy, Environment, and Society in Conflict, eds. Josh Byrne, Noah Toly, and Leigh Glover) When measured in social and political-economic terms, the current energy discourse appears
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, leave modernism undisturbed (except, perhaps, for its environmental performance). Framing of waste/pollution is key – focus on industrial sources distorts data collection and resource allocation to exclude individuals – best evidence supports a shift to incorporate the role of the individualVandenbergh 5
(Michael P, Associate Professor of Law at Vanderbilt University Law School, "The Individual as Polluter", Environmental Law Reporter 2005) Even if individual behavior contributes a large share of many types of pollution, a
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, the data presented above suggest that individual behavior deserves a second look. Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader on Political Theory at the University of Southampton, "Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning," Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2002 31: 653, SAGE) NOTE: THIS IS THE INTRODUCTION TO HIS PAPER In recent years the discipline of IR has been characterised by an explosion of competing
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with regard to current ’wars’ between positivists, critical theorists and postmodernists. Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader on Political Theory at the University of Southampton, "Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning," Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2002 31: 653, SAGE) How, though, does this focus on government act to re-orient the
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perception through world-disclosure such that previously invisible consequences become visible.33 And – he concludes that specific critiques of governance solve – that’s what we do.Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader on Political Theory at the University of Southampton, "Re-orienting International Relations: On Pragmatism, Pluralism and Practical Reasoning," Millennium - Journal of International Studies 2002 31: 653, SAGE) In the introductory remarks to this essay I suggested that pragmatism directs us to a
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of world politics in terms of territoriality upon which that dichotomy rests.28 They misidentify the sources of environmental destruction – targeting "point sources" of pollution like large-scale corporate energy producers scapegoats corporations, exonerating individuals for everyday consumption practices – their misdiagnosis produces error replication and destroys the environmental public sphereBobertz 95
(Bradley, Bradley Bobertz, a Senior Attorney at the Environmental Law Institute, directs ELI’s Endangered Environmental Laws Program. "Legitimizing Pollution Through Pollution Control Laws: Reflections on Scapegoating Theory", Texas Law Review March, 1995 73 Tex. L. Rev. 711) Other environmental laws reveal their own manifestations of the scapegoat complex. Under the Clean
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institutionalized nightmares, n187 a pattern from which environmental law enjoys no immunity. ====Alt must come first – the aff’s increase in energy efficiency produces increases in consumption, only first changing consumption patterns can avoid ecological collapse====
Dardozzi 8
(Jeff, co-founder of The Earth Alchemists and is a designer/builder of living structure for the un-plasticized, "The Specter of Jevons’ Paradox", Synthesis/Regeneration 47 (Fall 2008)) In the early eighties, an old debate within economics resurfaced surrounding something called Jevons’
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the use of a resource in turn increases the consumption of that resource. Alexander ’11
(Samuel, University of Melbourne; Office for Environmental Programs/Simplicity Institute, "
Voluntary Simplicity as an Aesthetics of Existence", Social Sciences Research Network, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941087) For present purposes, the third and final point about how neoclassicism marginalizes consumption concerns
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above was intended to suggest that consumption might be one such blind spot. Alexander ’11
(Samuel, University of Melbourne; Office for Environmental Programs/Simplicity Institute, "
Voluntary Simplicity as an Aesthetics of Existence", Social Sciences Research Network, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1941087) The importance of reading about consumerism, to begin with, lies in the fact
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live lives of what David Shi called, ’enlightened material restraint.’111 We must shift the level of analysis away from regulation of large-scale industrial pollution/waste towards an individual analysis of pollution/waste – individuals are the largest remaining source of pollution and drive practices of overconsumption – only re-framing policy approaches can create new regulatory innovations that spill over to address larger sources of pollutionVandenbergh 5
(Michael P, Associate Professor of Law at Vanderbilt University Law School, "The Individual as Polluter", Environmental Law Reporter 2005) The federal environmental statutes enacted since 1970 have produced gains in environmental quality in the
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to regulatory innovations for traditional industrial sources and new generation sources as well. ====Secondly – you should use a longer time horizon to calculate impacts – there is a historical bias toward privileging shorter horizons that we have to consciously correct for humanity to survive====
- This is alt solvency – can use this debate to encourage people to think differently which is a starting point to solving these problems
o Simultaneously saying doing what we’re saying will help people transform themselves and we should do it within this debate – the function within the debate is to focus on structural impacts, be suspicious about arguments that rely on other people’s behavior
o Teaches the k how to use your framework to judge the particular debate you’re in and the process that you’re asking the judge to carry out is a performance of the alternative
o "our process of engaging in a new evaluative criterion is itself a performance of cultural change away from the way we see things now" – a problem and its solution only exist in respect to its framework of evaluation
Ehrlich %26 Ehrlich 13
(Paul, Professor of Biology and President of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University, and Adjunct Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, Anne, Senior Research Scientist in Biology at Stanford, "Can a collapse of global civilization be avoided?", January 9, 2013, Proceedings of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences) Until very recently, our ancestors had no reason to respond genetically or culturally to
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them will need strengthening, and new institutions will need to be formed. ====The ambiguity of sustainable development de-politicizes consumption and directs attention towards technology – only directly challenging consumption produces effective politics====
Princen et al 2
(Thomas, Professor at the School of Natural Resources and Environment at the University of Michigan, Ken Conca, Associate Professor of Government and Politics and Director of the Harrison Program on the Future Global Agenda at the University of Maryland, Michael Maniates, Professor of Environmental Science and Political Science Allegheny College, Confronting Consumption, pgs. 1-2) Perhaps it is no surprise, then, that comforting terms like sustainable development have
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-pound gorilla in the living room that almost everyone chooses to ignore. ====The rebound effect means that technological gains in efficiency ultimately cause more consumption – renewables don’t displace fossil fuels but in fact supplement them====
Foster et al 10
(John Bellamy, prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, Brett Clark, asst prof of sociology @ NC-State, Richard York, associate prof of sociology @ U of Oregon, The Ecological Rift, pgs. 183-191) Eco-Efficiency of National Economies Stephen Bunker, an environmental sociologist, found that
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be modified if technological advances are to be translated into natural resource conservation. |
| 03/31/2013 | Tournament: NDT | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wake Forest HQ | Judge: Kreutzer, PhD in economics 12, David Kreutzer has a PhD. in economics from George mason University, Senior Policy Analyst in Energy Economics and Climate Change at The Heritage Foundation, "Subsidies and Costs in the Solar Industry" 2-27-2012, http://blog.heritage.org/2012/02/27/subsidies-and-costs-in-the-solar-industry/)
It shouldn’t be too much of a surprise that shares for solar-panel makers
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the mistakes of others and put an end to subsidies for unaffordable energy. Empirics –billions of subsidies in squo haven’t spurred
RPS’s mean no collapse
Can’t compete w/ nat gas
Fed/state investment increasing now
Europe proves
Unconcentrated energy content = too much land
Siting constraints
High cost of transmission
Low capacity factors/intermittency = need backup which = expensive
Not an infant industry, cost evidence proves
Zycher, Adjunct professor of Economics, 12 Benjamin Zycher, Adjunct professor of Economics and Business at CSU-Channel Islands, associate of the Office of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Intelligence and research in the US department of State. Ph.D in economics from UCLA, senior fellow at pacific Research Institute, "Wind and solar power, part III: chasing the green tail", 1-17-2012, http://www.aei.org/outlook/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/wind-and-solar-power-part-iii-chasing-the-green-tail/)
Key points in this Outlook: Between billions of dollars worth of subsidies and support
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the realities of this recent history provide a useful guide for policy reform. Daniel Deudney, Hewlett Fellow in Science, Technology, and Society at the Center for Energy and Environmental Studies at Princeton, April 1991, "Environment and Security: Muddled Thinking", Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, p. 27, google books, Poverty Wars. In a second scenario, declining living standards first cause internal turmoil
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military operations require complex organizational skills, specialized industrial products and surplus wealth. Capie, prof IR, 11—Senior Lecturer in International Relations at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, Visiting Scholar at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University, Research Associate in the ASEAN Studies Centre at American University, co-editor of the journal Political Science, member of the editorial board of Asian Politics and Policy (David, 7/16/2011, "Welcome to the dark side? Mittelman’s encounter with global insecurity", Global Change, Peace %26 Security, Volume 23, Issue 2, Taylor and Francis, AL)
The book’s thesis is that there are two systemic drivers of contemporary security and insecurity
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on globalization and peace and conflict to form a compelling and provocative account. Vail 5 – Jeff Vail, attorney at Davis Graham %26 Stubbs LLP in Denver, Colorado specializing in litigation and energy issues, former intelligence officer with the US Air Force and energy infrastructure counterterrorism specialist with the US Department of the Interior, April 28, 2005, "The Logic of Collapse," online: http://www.jeffvail.net/2005/04/logic-of-collapse.html-http://www.jeffvail.net/2005/04/logic-of-collapse.html But despite the declining marginal returns, society is not capable of reducing expenditure,
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that "this time, in our civilization, things will be different"? Buhaug et al, Professor Centre for the Study of Civil War at Peace Research Institute Oslo, ’12 (Halvard, Winter, "Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim That Drought Breeds Conflict" International Security, Vol 36 No 3, ProjectMuse)
In his acceptance lecture on the occasion of the Nobel Peace Prize award, President
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state plays in ending or fueling these conflicts. ~End Page 106~ Buhaug et al, Professor Centre for the Study of Civil War at Peace Research Institute Oslo, ’12 (Halvard, Winter, "Climate Wars? Assessing the Claim That Drought Breeds Conflict" International Security, Vol 36 No 3, ProjectMuse)
The general expectation that failing precipitation could cause armed conflict draws on an influential body
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most likely" scenario than what has been presented in earlier empirical research. Empirics disprove and no statistical date to support their claims – no risk of escalationKatz, Enviro Studies Prof at Tel Aviv, ’11 (David, February, "Hydro-Political Hyperbole: Examining Incentives for Overemphasizing the Risks of Water Wars" Global Environmental Politics, Vol 11 No 1, ProjectMuse)
Critiques of the Water War Hypothesis A number critiques have been leveled against both the
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to one, and are five times more likely to be cited.48 |
