Tournament: Kentucky | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
This is a partnership for the Kentucky tournament, please see our other teams' aff wikis for 2AC cites/speech documents for positions other than the ones we've debated.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Obama Good Elections (Kentucky)

Obama win inevitable ——

—- Women

Edwards-Levy, 8/31 (Ariel, 8/31/2012, "Female Voters Prefer Obama To Romney, Are Focused On Economy, Poll Says," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/30/female-voters-obama-romney-poll_n_1844312.html?1346360706)

WASHINGTON — As women have found themselves in the center of much of 2012’s political wrangling — their bodies a topic for debate, and their hearts and minds a top campaign priority — many are embracing their status as key voters, according to a poll released Thursday by Lifetime television.
Female voters strongly favor President Barack Obama over GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney, according to the survey, which was conducted by Republican pollster Kellyanne Conway of the polling company, inc./WomanTrend and Democratic pollster Celinda Lake of Lake Research Partners.
"Both parties have women that they can appeal to," Lake said. "Women are the key swing vote and will probably decide the election, but I think women are more self-conscious about the role. I think the really interesting part is that women are poised to take things into their own hands."
Obama received support from 52 percent of likely female voters, compared to 36 percent for Romney. That double-digit lead tracks with Obama’s performance in 2008 exit polls, although it’s a few points higher than Obama’s lead among women in other recent polls.
Half of the women polled said Obama deserved an "A" or "B" for his time in office, while 29 percent gave him a "D" or an "F."
Michelle Obama also fared well, with 72 percent of women viewing her favorably. Ann Romney, who exclaimed "I love you women%21" during her Wednesday convention speech, was far less well-known, with 30 percent viewing her favorably, and 45 percent saying they hadn’t heard of her or had no opinion. The survey was conducted prior to the speech.
As with the general electorate, women largely gave top priority to the economy and jobs. And although nine out of 10 women said it was important that a candidate understand women, even more prioritized an understanding of the middle class, with 94 percent calling it important.
Many women have been turned off by the campaign’s tendency to veer toward issues like abortion, Lake said. "Women want to know, why are we talking about this at all? Why aren’t we focusing on the economy?"
Four years after she lost the Democratic primary, Hillary Clinton retains strong support among women voters, with 60 percent of all women saying she should run again. Fifty-eight percent said they would definitely or probably vote for her. A third said she would have done better as president than Obama.
Only 27 percent of women expressed concern that the nation never has had a female president, although a higher number — 45 percent — said the United States would be in better shape to face the future with a female leader. Nine in 10 said they would encourage the young women in their life to run for office; 8 percent said they were likely to run themselves.
"There’s been a gradual evolution of women as engaged voters ... They’re no less
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about which they care, and you can’t win if you don’t play."

Single event won’t swing the election

Feldmann, 10/3 (Linda, 10/3/2012, "Why Mitt Romney trails in polls, as presidential debates begin," http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2012/1003/Why-Mitt-Romney-trails-in-polls-as-presidential-debates-begin-video-http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/DC-Decoder/2012/1003/Why-Mitt-Romney-trails-in-polls-as-presidential-debates-begin-video)

Fully two-thirds of voters know that it was Romney who made the statement, and among those voters, 55 percent reacted negatively, versus 23 percent who saw it positively, according to Pew. Most damaging to Romney is the reaction of independent voters. Some 55 percent of independents who are aware of Romney’s comment say they had a negative reaction to it, while only 18 percent viewed it positively.
But Gallup asked voters if the 47 percent comment has made them more or less likely to vote for Romney, and a plurality said it made no difference.
Indeed, analysts say it’s nearly impossible to isolate an individual event or comment as being decisive in turning a race.
"Voters are confronting a big wide Mississippi River of information flowing at them, and as a consequence it’s difficult to isolate the effect of any one thing," says John Sides, an associate professor of political science at George Washington University in Washington. "That said, there’s no question it’s been several weeks of relatively bad news for the Romney campaign. It hasn’t enabled him to close the post-convention gap. If anything, that gap has grown."

Winning allows Obama to build momentum and swing the reverse the tide

Creamer, 11 —- long-time political organizer and strategist (12/23/2011, Robert, "Why GOP Collapse on the Payroll Tax Could Be a Turning Point Moment," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-creamer/gop-payroll-tax_b_1167491.html)

The outcome of the battle was unambiguous. No one could doubt who stood up for the economic interests of the middle class and who did not. And no one could doubt who won and who lost.
National Journal reported that, "House Republicans on Thursday crumpled under the weight of White House and public pressure and have agreed to pass a two-month extension of the two percent payroll-tax cut, Republican and Democratic sources told National Journal."
In the end, Republican intransigence transformed a moment that would have been a modest win for President Obama into an iconic victory.
2) Strength and victory are enormous political assets. Going into the New Year, they now belong to the president and the Democrats.
One of the reasons why the debt ceiling battle inflicted political damage on President Obama is that it made him appear ineffectual — a powerful figure who had been ensnared and held hostage by the Lilliputian pettiness of hundreds of swarming Tea Party ideological zealots.
In the last few months — as he campaigned for the American Jobs Act — he has shaken free of those bonds. Now voters have just watched James Bond or Indiana Jones escape and turn the tables on his adversary.
Great stories are about a protagonist who meets and overcomes a challenge and is victorious. The capitulation of the House Tea Party Republicans is so important because it feels like the beginning of that kind of heroic narrative.
Even today most Americans believe that George Bush and the big Wall Street banks — not by President Obama — caused the economic crisis. Swing voters have never lost their fondness for the President and don’t doubt his sincerity. But they had begun to doubt his effectiveness. They have had increasing doubts that Obama was up to the challenge of leading them back to economic prosperity.
The narrative set in motion by the events of the last several weeks could be a turning point in voter perception. It could well begin to convince skeptical voters that Obama is precisely the kind of leader they thought he was back in 2008 — a guy with the ability to lead them out of adversity — a leader with the strength, patience, skill, will and resoluteness to lead them to victory.
That now contrasts with the sheer political incompetence of the House Republican leadership that allowed themselves to be cornered and now find themselves in political disarray. And it certainly contrasts with the political circus we have been watching in the Republican Presidential primary campaign.
3) This victory will inspire the dispirited Democratic base.
Inspiration is the feeling of empowerment — the feeling that you are part of something larger than yourself and can personally play a significant role in achieving that goal. It comes from feeling that together you can overcome challenges and win.
Nothing will do more to inspire committed Democrats than the sight of their leader — President Obama — out-maneuvering the House Republicans 

and forcing them into complete capitulation.
The events of the last several weeks will send a jolt of electricity through the progressive community.
The right is counting on progressives to be demoralized and dispirited in the coming election. The president’s victory on the payroll tax and unemployment will make it ever more likely that they will be wrong.
4) When you have them on the run, that’s the time to chase them.
The most important thing about the outcome of the battle over the payroll tax and unemployment is that it shifts the political momentum at a critical time. Momentum is an independent variable in any competitive activity — including politics.
In a football or basketball game you can feel the momentum shift. The tide of battle is all about momentum. The same is true in politics. And in politics it is even more important because the "spectators" are also the players — the voters.
People follow — and vote — for winners. The bandwagon effect is enormously important in political decision-making. Human beings like to travel in packs. They like to be at the center of the mainstream. Momentum shifts affect their perceptions of the mainstream.
For the last two years, the right wing has been on the offensive. Its Tea Party shock troops took the battle to Democratic members of Congress. In the mid-terms Democrats were routed in district after district.
Now the tide has turned. And when the tide turns — when you have them on the run — that’s the time to chase them.
We won’t know for sure until next November whether this moment will take on the same iconic importance as Clinton’s battle with Gingrich in 1995. But there is no doubt that the political wind has shifted. It’s up to progressives to make the most of it.

No link – Obama avoids crises

Rogers, 9/17 (Ed, 9/17/2012, "Obama’s 21st-century Teflon is working," http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-insiders/post/obamas-21st-century-teflon-is-working/2012/09/17/82b05da8-00bf-11e2-bbf0-e33b4ee2f0e8_blog.html?wprss=rss_opinions-http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-insiders/post/obamas-21st-century-teflon-is-working/2012/09/17/82b05da8-00bf-11e2-bbf0-e33b4ee2f0e8_blog.html?wprss=rss_opinions )

It is safe to say that America’s outreach to the world under President Obama has been a complete failure. Does America enjoy more or less respect than it did four years ago? If you think more, please let me know where.
Last weekend was the end of Obama’s foreign policy. Diplomats are being called in and troops are being sent out — at least to where our enemies will allow them. The likes of Sudan know they can refuse Obama’s wish for more troops to protect our embassies. Obama will probably tell us the Sudanese promise to provide adequate protection for Americans was a hard-fought concession.
Anyway, for the first time since the 2012 campaign began, Obama might want to talk about the economy. The images of the fires burning and the angry crowds on the Arab streets all underscore the complete failure of Obama’s foreign policy, reminding us of his naivete and the price we pay for his on-the-job-training. Remember, this is a man who thought he was worthy of the Nobel Peace Prize just for being who he was.
The planet would heal because of his desire for it to do so. His very presence meant tension in the Middle East would subside.  And why not? He had some new ideas: Remember his instructions to his NASA administrator that there was no higher priority than to make Arabs feel better about themselves?
With the world mostly either disrespecting America or just sadly shaking its head and wondering where America has gone, perhaps the Obama campaign could use a few days of blaming George W. Bush for the Obama administration’s economic failures.
Foreign policy can’t win elections, but it can lose them. Obama is pushing
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and generate the jobs that Obama’s policies haven’t — and won’t — deliver.  
So as the campaign heads for the debates, voters must be asking themselves what
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century coat of Teflon that makes Reagan’s legendary resilience look small-time.

Military spending is immune to political backlash

Norris, Executive director of Sustainable Security program at Center for American Progress, 12
(7/31, Money Pit on the Potomac, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/07/31/money_pit_on_the_potomac?page=0,0)
July was a tough month for the Pentagon. The Washington Post revealed that three
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everything from domestic road building to arts funding into the behemoth defense budget.

Strong public support for federal nuclear power incentives – no effect from Fukushima

WNA 12
(September, World Nuclear Association, US Nuclear Power Policy, www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf41_US_nuclear_power_policy.html)
Public opinion regarding nuclear power has generally been fairly positive, and has grown more
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operating nuclear power plant is supported by 67% and opposed by 28%.
 

Election outcome not key to relations —- they will inevitably decline

Bovt, 9/12 —- political analyst (9/12/2012, "Whether Obama or Romney, the Reset Is Dead," http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/whether-obama-or-romney-the-reset-is-dead/467947.html-http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/whether-obama-or-romney-the-reset-is-dead/467947.html )

During every U.S. presidential election campaign, there is a debate in Russia over whether the Republican or Democratic candidate would be more beneficial for the Kremlin. Russian analysts and politicians always fail to understand that Americans have shown little interest in foreign policy since the end of the Cold War. Even when foreign policy is mentioned in the campaign, Russia is far down the list as a priority item.
The volume of U.S-Russian trade remains small. The recent Exxon-Rosneft deal notwithstanding, U.S. interest in Russia’s energy projects has fallen, particularly as the Kremlin has increased its role in this sector. To make matters worse, the United States is determined to establish clean energy and energy independence, while Russia’s gas exports are feeling the pinch from stiff competition with the U.S. development of shale gas production.
Of course, traditional areas of cooperation remain: the transit of shipments to and from Afghanistan through Russia, Iran’s nuclear program and the struggle against international terrorism. But the transit route into Afghanistan cannot, by itself, greatly influence bilateral relations as a whole, and progress on the other two points seems to have reached a plateau beyond which little potential remains for bringing the two countries into closer cooperation.
On the positive side, a new visa agreement came into force this week that will facilitate greater contact between both countries’ citizens. But it will be years before that significantly influences overall U.S.-Russian relations. A new agreement regarding child adoptions has also been implemented after a few disturbing adoption stories prompted Russia’s media, with the help of government propaganda, to spoil the U.S. image in Russia.
Meanwhile, both U.S. President Barack Obama and Republican candidate Mitt Romney
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Democratic or Republican — will ever agree to major concessions on missile defense.
It even seemed that Kremlin propagandists were happy when in March Romney called Russia the United States’ No. 1 foe. They were given another present when Obama, addressing the Democratic National Convention last week, said Romney’s comment only proved that he lacked foreign policy experience and was locked in Cold War thinking. For the next two months, however, the two candidates are unlikely to devote much attention to Russia.
Russia’s internal politics will also be one of the key factors shaping future U.S.-Russian relations. The two-year jail sentence slapped on three members of Pussy Riot for their anti-Putin prayer in Moscow’s main cathedral has already become a subject of discussion between Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Even the most pragmatic "pro-reset" U.S. administration would criticize to one degree or another Russia’s poor record on human rights.
It appears that Russia is moving increasingly toward confrontation rather than rapprochement with the West. The Kremlin now seems fully committed to spreading the myth that the U.S. State Department is the cause behind most of Russia’s domestic problems and is bent on undermining its national security by deploying missile defense installations in Europe and by supporting the opposition.
There are other disturbing signals as well. Take, for example, the United
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blackmail Russian officials by threatening to freeze their overseas bank accounts and property.
An increase in these anti-Western attitudes does not bode well for U.
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from both sides would itself be considered a major achievement in bilateral relations.

Tournament: Kentucky  | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Pivot DA

Military efficiency spending is expensive – outstrips SMR spending

TDC 2012 (April 2, "Military sees threats, worry in climate change" http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2012/04/climate-security-http://wwwp.dailyclimate.org/tdc-newsroom/2012/04/climate-security)

Detractors of the military’s clean-energy efforts have taken another view, focusing on
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," he added. "But the results were benefits for larger society."

DOD spending on nuclear power is a drop in the bucket

Sustainable Business 2011 (October 17, "US Military to Invest %2410 Billion a Year in Renewable Energy" http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/23039-http://www.sustainablebusiness.com/index.cfm/go/news.display/id/23039)

Military spending on renewable energy spiked over 300% between 2006-2009, to
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its buildings around the world - more than 500,000 of them. 

Energy efficiency increases consumption – rebound effect

Green, Resident Scholar at AEI, 12
(7/2, End the DoD’s green energy fuelishness, www.aei.org/article/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/end-the-dods-green-energy-fuelishness/)
Finally, while efficiency improvements are often a good thing, it’s very easy to
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savings, resulting in increased energy consumption from efficiency, known as backfire."

No link – PPA’s don’t spend money up front

DOE, ’11
~"Funding Federal Energy and Water Projects", July, http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/52085.pdf-http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/52085.pdf~~
On-site renewable PPAs allow Federal agencies to fund on-site renewable energy
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contract. The PPA price is typically determined through a competitive procurement process.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Oil DA

Nuclear renaissance makes the DA inevitable

Link is super long term – no hydrogen cars now

====Russian oil prices low - New global oil reserves and high production costs ====
Mead 7/8 (Walter Russell,  James Clarke Chace Professor of Foreign Affairs and Humanities at Bard College and Editor-at-Large of The American Interest magazine, "The Energy Revolution Part One: The Biggest Losers." http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/07/08/the-energy-revolution-part-one-the-biggest-losers/-http://blogs.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/07/08/the-energy-revolution-part-one-the-biggest-losers/) 

If the US, Canada and Israel are the likeliest big winners, the biggest
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to be less special when supplies are more abundant and more broadly distributed.

US nuclear power legislation is increasing now

Silverstein 12
(Ken, Energy Central editor, contributor to Forbes, "Nuclear Energy Won’t Die," 5-7-12, http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/-http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/05/07/nuclear-energy-wont-die/)

Some thought that nuclear energy may get buried after the Japanese Fukushima deluge. But
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increased their rate of production by 40 percent during much of that time.

Nuclear power doesn’t compete with oil

Toth, IAEA Energy Economist, ’06
~Ferenc Toth, Senior Energy Economist @ IAEA, and Hans-Holger Rogner, section head @ IAEA, 2006, "Oil and nuclear power: Past, present, and future", Energy Economics 28, 2006, p. 22~
While the past expansion of nuclear energy occurred to the detriment of oil in the
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best economic option to satisfy increasing demand for electricity (WNA, 2004).

No DOD Link

Bartis, ’11
James Bartis, PhD chemical physics – MIT, senior policy researcher – RAND, 2012, Promoting International Energy Security: Volume 1, Understanding Potential Air Force Roles, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/technical_reports/2012/RAND_TR1144z1.pdf
As fuel purchasers, neither the Air Force nor DoD has enough power to influence
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lanes that are crucial to the international trade in petroleum and natural gas.

High oil prices cause Russian adventurism.

Mufson, Staff Writer @ The Washington Post, 2007 
Steven, Staff Writer @ the Washington Post, Oil Price Rise Causes Global Shift in Wealth, November 10th http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/09/AR2007110902573_pf.html

Russia, the world’s No. 2 oil exporter, shows oil’s transformational impact in
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, and forge an independent approach to contentious issues like Iran’s nuclear program.

High prices result in economic stagnation and civil disorder.

Tsyvinski, Professor @ Yale, 2010
~Aleh and Sergei Guriev, Professor of economics at Yale University, Director of the New Economic School in Moscow, July – August, Russia’s "Resource Curse": How High Oil Prices Are Stunting Reforms, http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/articles/p/123/article/1273/~~

Can Russia escape the "resource curse" implied by high oil prices, or
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only choice will be genuine economic reform or decline and dangerous civil disorder.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: Incremental PPA CP

3) No private spillover – expanding the government’s role beyond financial incentives eliminates demonstration value – means they can’t solve prolif

Deutch and Ansolabehere, Professor of chemistry at MIT and Professor of Political Science at MIT, 03 (The Future of Nuclear Power, http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/-http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/)
The second type of "demonstration" project is a first nuclear project carried out
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program could be up to %242 billion paid out over several years.

4) Expertise failure – the counterplan falls outside of DOD capabilities

King, Associate Director of Research and Associate Research Professor of International Affairs at George Washington, 11
(March, Feasibility of Nuclear Power on U.S. Military Installations, http://www.cna.org/research/2011/feasibility-nuclear-power-us-military)
A significant liability to DoD ownership and operation is having full responsibility for all risks
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depend on the type of nuclear power plant built on a DoD installation.

5) The counterplan will be massively delayed and DOD staff won’t be able to operate and maintain SMR’s

GAO 2012
(April, RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT FINANCING
Improved Guidance and Information Sharing Needed for DOD Project-Level Officials, Report to Congressional Committees)
Up-front appropriations versus long-term finance charges. Some officials mentioned the
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of the equipment, which can be a drawback of these two approaches.

No DOD expertise – ensures failure of military operations

Carmen, Commander US Navy and Senior Military Fellow at the Center for a New
American Security, 10
(Broadening Horizons: Climate Change and the U.S. Armed Forces, www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_Broadening%20Horizons_Carmen%20Parthemore%20Rogers.pdf)
Many serious complications must be weighed as well. Military base personnel often do not
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any adjudication of what types of reactors are most suitable for these purposes.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: States Green Bank CP 2AC

Perm – do both – states can fund DOD PPAs

GAO 9, "Defense Infrastructure: DOD Needs to Take Actions to Address Challenges in Meeting Federal
Renewable Energy Goals", December, http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/299755.html

DOD has also joined with private sector entities, entering into various types of arrangements
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several different types of these approaches that have resulted in renewable energy projects.

DOD renewable energy fails – costs too much, fails as backup energy

Sater 2011 - Research Fellow at Global Green USA’s Security and Sustainability Office in Washington, DC (August, Daniel, "Military Energy Security: Current Efforts and Future Solutions" http://globalgreen.org/docs/publication-185-1.pdf)

The DOD’s efforts to increase renewable energy usage raise three key issues: cost,
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projects but "to a level commensurate with their operational and financial value".
41 The heavy focus on renewable energy generation, as a result of ECIP regulations and the Energy Policy Act of 2005, crowds out other projects that would be more cost efficient and lower the DOD’s energy usage to a greater degree. Furthermore, renewable energy sources, due to their non-continuous flow of electricity, are unsuitable as backup sources of power, though the implementation of a smart microgrid can mitigate this problem.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Safety Add-On

Domestic nuclear industry key to prevent global accidents

Wallace and Williams, Senior Adviser on U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at CSIS and Nuclear Policy Analyst at Partnership for Global Security, 12
(Nuclear Energy in America:Preventing its Early Demise, csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)
Second, setting global norms and standards for safety, security, operations, and
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.S. nuclear industry and take action to prevent its early demise.

Fukushima proves accidents getting worse – extinction

Chossudovsky, Professor of Economics at University of Ottawa, 12 
(1/25, Fukushima: A Nuclear War without a War: The Unspoken Crisis of Worldwide Nuclear Radiation, www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-a-nuclear-war-without-a-war-the-unspoken-crisis-of-worldwide-nuclear-radiation/)
The World is at a critical crossroads. The Fukushima disaster in Japan has brought
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University Researchers Challenge Official Data, Global Research, April 11, 2011)

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Plan

The United States Federal Government should offer power purchase agreements for small modular nuclear reactors to supply power to military bases in the United States.

Advantage One is Proliferation

Development of nuclear power increasing worldwide – Fukushima hasn’t deterred

Barber, Chief Analyst for Energy Central, 8-30

Wayne Barber, Chief of Generation for Energy Central's Generation Hub, “IAEA Report Finds Fukushima Didn't Cripple Nuclear Future,” August 30^th 2012, http://www.energybiz.com/article/12/08/iaea-report-finds-fukushima-didnt-cripple-nuclear-future

Less than 18 months after the meltdown accident at Tokyo Electric Power Co.’s

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years, “although there is room for further improvement,” IAEA said.

Decline of the US nuclear industry undermines non-proliferation safeguards

Loudermilk, Senior Energy Associate @ NDU, ’11

Micah J. Loudermilk, Senior Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with The Institute for National Strategic Studies at The National Defense University, “In Defense of Small Reactors: A Response,” February 23^rd 2011, http://csis.org/blog/defense-small-reactors-response

Smith’s final contention takes issue with the argument that DOD needs to operate as a

AND

security standpoint, but also from a mindset of preserving the nonproliferation agenda.

Unsecured technology will fuel a massive wave of proliferation

Macalister, Guardian Energy Editor, ’09

Terry Macalister, Energy Editor of The Guardian, Recipient of The Energy of Word Award, International Media Award organized by The Global Energy Prize, “New generation of nuclear power stations 'risk terrorist anarchy',” March 16^th 2009, http:~/~/www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/16/uk/environment/2009/mar/16/nuclearpower-nuclear-waste

The new generation of atomic power stations planned for Britain, China and many other

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low-carbon energy and a stable nuclear weapons environment," he said.

New proliferators will develop offensive postures that increase the risk of conventional and nuclear conflict

Horowitz, professor of poli sci, 9 —Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania (Michael Horowitz, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons and International Conflict: Does Experience Matter?” Journal of Conflict Resolution, Volume 53 Number 2, April 2009 pg. 234-257)

This section focuses on how acquiring nuclear weapons influences both the new nuclear state and

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to be effective, increasing the probability that an adversary will not reciprocate.

Proliferation sparks wars that escalate to great power nuclear conflict

Below 08

Tim D.Q., Wing Commander, RAF; MA in Defence Studies, King’s College London; “Options for US nuclear disarmament: exemplary leadership or extraordinary lunacy?,” June 2008, Thesis for School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Air University Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama

Proliferation. Roger Molander, of RAND Corporation, asserts that “in the near

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which is subsequently escalated into nuclear warfare by its allies or their opponents.

Specifically – The Middle East in is developing new plants

Williams, Utilities Management Consultant, 8-17

Glenn Williams, Management Consultant for Regulated Utilities and Energy Service Organization, 30 years of expereinece in startup and operation of large-scale power projects including coal plants, natural gas facilities and half of the nation’s nuclear power facilities, Masters in Technology Management from the University of Maryland, “The Nuclear Renaissance Has Arrived,” August 17^th 2012, http://realmoney.thestreet.com/articles/08/17/2012/nuclear-renaissance-has-arrived

If you thought the U.S. would see a nuclear renaissance, you

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the nuclear renaissance arrived. Unfortunately, it's over there and not here.

Middle East civilian nuclear power programs will be turned into military nuclear weapons programs

Russell, National Security Prof @ NDU, August ’12

Richard L. Russell, Professor of National Security Affairs at the National Defense University’s Near East and South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, Special Advisor to the U.S. Central Command, the U.S. Special Operations Command, and the Joint Special Operations University, Former Adjunct Professor of Security Studies at Georgetown, Former Political-Military Analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency, “CHAPTER 6: THE MIDDLE EAST’S NUCLEAR FUTURE,” The Next Arms Race, August 2012

The great danger is that the United States is “cutting off its nose to

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determined to keep pace—even though the Emirates got a late start.

Middle East proliferation ensures nuclear exchange

Edelman and Krepinevich, Former Undersecretary for Defense, ‘11

Eric Edelman, Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Former Undersecretary for Defense, Andrew Krepinevich, President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, Evan Montgomery, Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, “The dangers of a nuclear Iran,” http://www.csbaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/2010.12.27-The-Dangers-of-a-Nuclear-Iran.pdf

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union only needed to

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a single intelligence compromise could leave their weapons vulnerable to attack or theft.

Most likely scenario for global escalation – Middle East instability draws in major powers

Russell, National Security Professor Naval Postgraduate School, ’09

James Russell, Associate Professor of National Security at the Naval Postgraduate School, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East,” Security Studies Center Proliferation Papers, http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf

Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)

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the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world.

Power Purchasing Agreements allow the DOD to act as a first mover jumpstarting the SMR industry

Madia, Chairman Stanford National Accelerator Lab, ’12

Dr. Madia, Chairman of the Board of Overseers and Vice President for the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University, Former Laboratory Director at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Former Laboratory Director at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, “SMALL MODULAR REACTORS: A POTENTIAL GAME-CHANGING TECHNOLOGY,” Stanford Energy Journal, Spring 2012, http://energyclub.stanford.edu/index.php/Journal/Small_Modular_Reactors_by_William_Madia

Throughout the history of NPP development, plants grew in size based on classic “

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the heavy politics of nuclear waste, corporate welfare, or carbon taxes.

The DOD market is the only way to quickly get SMR’s through financial and regulatory barriers

Andres and Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, ’11

Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011

Thus far, this paper has reviewed two of DOD’s most pressing energy vulnerabilities—

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leadership would likely have a profound effect on the industry’s timeline and trajectory.

Only DOD action can create widespread adoption of SMR’s which saves the domestic nuclear industry

Loudermilk, Senior Energy Associate @ NDU, ’11

Micah J. Loudermilk, Senior Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with The Institute for National Strategic Studies at The National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs,” Journal of Energy Security, May 2011, http:~/~/www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375url:http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375

Problematically, despite the immense energy security benefits that would accompany the wide-scale

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advance the technology broadly and eventually lead to their wide-scale adoption.

An SMR lead revival of the industry restores US nuclear leadership which controls proliferation risks

Loudermilk, Senior Energy Associate @ NDU, ’11

Micah J. Loudermilk, Senior Associate for the Energy and Environmental Security Policy program with The Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, “Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs,” Journal of Energy Security, May 2011, http:~/~/www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375url:http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costsandcatid=116:content0411andItemid=375

Combating proliferation with US leadership: Reactor safety itself notwithstanding, many argue that the

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reactors are mitigated and concerns over the widespread distribution of nuclear fuel allayed.

SMR’s are key to negotiation pressure for nonproliferation - they are more desirable than other nuclear systems

Sanders, Associate Director Savannah National Lab, ’12

Tom Sanders, Associate Laboratory Director for Clean Energy Initiatives at the Savannah River National Laboratory, Department of Energy, Former President of the American Nuclear Society, “Tom Sanders: Great expectations for small modular reactors,” Nuclear News, July 2012, pg. 48-49

That’s a good question. One of the things that concerned me most in the

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with a large plant doesn’t make any sense if you can’t afford it.

Advantage 2 is Bases

Electrical power disruption on military bases is inevitable – aging infrastructure, severe weather, and cyberattacks; Purchasing electricity from SMR’s solve

Robitaille, Army Environmental Center, ’12

George E. Robitaille, Department of Army Civilian, US Army Environmental Center, Master of Strategic Studies from The US Army War College, “Small Modular Reactors: The Army’s Secure Source of Energy?,” March 21^st 2012

According to a recent report by the Defense Science Board, the DoD gets ninety

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associated with building coal or natural gas fired power plants on the environment.

Power disruption severely compromises global military operations – safeguards will fail - only power from SMRs ensures sustained reliability and deters cyber attacks

Andres and Breetz, Security Prof @ National War College, ’11

Richard B. Andres, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College, Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies, at the National Defense University, Hanna L. Breetz, Political Science PhD Candidate at MIT, “Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications,” Strategic Forum, INSS, February 2011

The DOD interest in small reactors derives largely from problems with base and logistics vulnerability

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grid. As explained in a recent study from the Defense Science Board:

DOD’s key problem with electricity is that critical missions, such as national strategic awareness

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in order to win an ongoing battle or war would be greatly reduced.

Cyberattacks will spoof to lure the US into conflict with third parties

Gelinas, Masters in Security Studies at Georgetown, 10

(Ryan Richard, thesis for Master of Arts in Security Studies from Georgetown, CYBERDETERRENCE AND THE PROBLEM OF ATTRIBUTION, https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1-https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/bitstream/handle/10822/553494/gelinasRyan.pdf?sequence=1)

The set of cases analyzed here demonstrate decisively that attribution of cyber attacks is technically

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with a nation that had no role in or idea of the attack.

The US will lashout with nuclear weapons to a military cyber attack

Lawson, Professor of Communication at Utah, 09

(Cross-Domain Response to Cyber Attacks and the Threat of Conflict, 5/13, http://www.seanlawson.net/?p=477)

At a time when it seems impossible to avoid the seemingly growing hysteria over the

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lethal agent is regarded with the same or greater seriousness.” 7

Grid disruptions undermine strategic deterrence missions which rely on continuous uninterrupted power to DOD locations in the US

Defense Science Board, The DSB is a Federal Advisory Committee established to provide independent advice to the Secretary of Defense, 08

(More Fight – Less Fuel, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA477619.pdf)

Historically, the mission of DoD installations has been to train combat forces and deploy

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defense mission for DoD has also expanded the critical loads at some installations.

The effect on global military operations will be catastrophic

Snider 12

Annie Snider, Reporter for Environment and Energy Daily, “Pentagon still can't define 'energy security,' much less achieve it,” January 16^th 2012, http:~/~/www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/01/16/1url:http://www.eenews.net/public/Greenwire/2012/01/16/1

A terrorist attack that caused a long-term grid disruption "could significantly affect

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it is also likely to send waves through civilian energy and technology industries.

China/Taiwan tensions growing – conflict risks high

Bloomberg 12

(2/26, China-Taiwan Tensions Could Loom Over U.S. ‘Pivot’ to Asia: View, www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-27/china-taiwan-tensions-could-loom-over-u-s-pivot-to-asia-view.html)

As China’s economic and military power grows, and Taiwan’s long-term future remains

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the U.S. temptation to advance those ties at Taiwan’s expense.

Military power disruption ensures an invasion of Taiwan by creating a window of opportunity for China to strike while US forces are out of commission

Gerson, Research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, 09

(Conventional Deterrence in the Second Nuclear Age http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/Articles/09autumn/gerson.pdf)

Deterrence is once again a topic of discussion and debate among US defense and policy

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if the regime believes it can accomplish its objectives before US forces respond.

Global Nuclear Conflict

Hunkovic, Professor American Military University, 09

(Lee J, 2009, “The Chinese-Taiwanese Conflict Possible Futures of a Confrontation between China, Taiwan and the United States of America”, http:~/~/www.lamp-method.org/eCommons/pdf)

A war between China, Taiwan and the United States has the potential to escalate

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outcome, therefore, other countries will not be considered in this study.

Diversification means nuclear power gets used

Lamonica, MIT Tech Review, 8-9

Martin Lamonica, Writer for MIT Technology Review, “A Glut of Natural Gas Leaves Nuclear Power Stalled,” August 9^th 2012, http:~/~/www.technologyreview.com/news/428737/a-glut-of-natural-gas-leaves-nuclear-power/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/428737/a-glut-of-natural-gas-leaves-nuclear-power/(% class="MsoHyperlink" %)

Even in United States, of course, super cheap natural gas will not last

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one basket because of the new kid on the block called shale gas."

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

AT: States CP 2AC

Perm – do both – states can fund DOD PPAs

GAO 9, "Defense Infrastructure: DOD Needs to Take Actions to Address Challenges in Meeting Federal
Renewable Energy Goals", December, http://www.gao.gov/assets/300/299755.html

DOD has also joined with private sector entities, entering into various types of arrangements
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several different types of these approaches that have resulted in renewable energy projects.

Federal signal key to adoption of new tech

CNA 10, non-profit research organization that operates the Center for Naval Analyses and the Institute for Public Research, "Powering America’s Economy: Energy Innovation at the Crossroads of National Security Challenges", July, http://www.cna.org/sites/default/files/research/WEB%2007%2027%2010%20MAB%20Powering%20America%27s%20Economy.pdf

In our final discussion, we consider the end of the innovation pipeline—deployment
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innovative technologies on its installations provides a clear demand signal to the developer.

Federal action is necessary to avoid licensing delay

CSPO 10, Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes at ASU, "four policy principles for energy innovation %26 climate change: a synthesis", June, http://www.catf.us/resources/publications/files/Synthesis.pdf

Government purchase of new technologies is a powerful way to accelerate innovation through increased demand
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innovation. Public procurement of other renewable energy technologies could be similarly important.

Doesn’t solve – states can’t make military basing policy

Tymkovich 12
(Seymour, Circuit Judge, "ALLISON v. BOEING LASER TECHNICAL SERVICES" http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=In%20FCO%2020120810042.xml%26docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR-http://www.leagle.com/xmlResult.aspx?xmldoc=In%20FCO%2020120810042.xml%26docbase=CSLWAR3-2007-CURR, SEH)

Under a body of constitutional law applicable to federal enclaves, U.S.
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law was expressly adopted by the enclave’s new sovereign, the federal government.

Multiple conditional options bad – it’s a voter – rejecting the arg incentivizes abuse

First is skew – aff can’t read their best offense because the neg can just kick their argument and can cross-apply offense, kills fairness

Second is research – they can advocate contradictory positions, kills education and advocacy skills

One conditional advocacy solves their offense – we should get to advocate perms – only reciprocal option

CP gets rolled back

Fentiman 1
(Audeen W., Associate Professor in Nuclear Engineering at The Ohio State University, "What Is an NRC Agreement State?" 2-6-01, http://ohioline.osu.edu/rer-fact/rer_71.html-http://ohioline.osu.edu/rer-fact/rer_71.html-http://ohioline.osu.edu/rer-fact/rer_71.html-http://ohioline.osu.edu/rer-fact/rer_71.html)

Under federal law, the commercial use of most types of radioactive materials in the
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Agreement State, it can request that the NRC resume its previous duties.

Federal signal key to investor confidence

Yurman 10
(Dan, consultant to firms in the global nuclear energy industry in the area of social media and marketing communications, "NEI seeks consensus on licensing small reactors," 8-18-10, http://djysrv.blogspot.com/2010/08/nei-seeks-consensus-on-licensing-small.html)

What NEI hopes to do, according to Genoa, "is to create a
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signals that indicate the existence of a market for SMR technology . . ."

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent:  | Judge: 

2AC Renewables

1) Inherent limitations ensure small market and high prices

Zycher, Professor of Economics and Business at CSU Channel Islands, 12 
(1/17, Wind and solar power, part III: chasing the green tail, aei.org/outlook/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/wind-and-solar-power-part-iii-chasing-the-green-tail/)
This poor competitive performance of wind and solar energy is not limited to the United
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for slow growth at best, notwithstanding large subsidies and other policy support.
This market resistance to investment in renewable generation capacity can be explained by the problems intrinsic to renewable power—that is, the inherent limitations on its competitiveness—that public policies can circumvent or neutralize only at very substantial cost. Those problems can be summarized as:
unconcentrated energy content;
siting constraints and resulting high costs for transmission; and
the costs created by low capacity factors, the intermittent nature of wind flows and sunlight, and the resulting need for backup capacity.

2) Renewables can’t beat existing competitors

Zycher, Professor of Economics and Business at CSU Channel Islands, 12 
(1/17, Wind and solar power, part III: chasing the green tail, aei.org/outlook/energy-and-the-environment/alternative-energy/wind-and-solar-power-part-iii-chasing-the-green-tail/
This general argument has become familiar over many years. As we learned in the
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coal beds have created enormous new problems for the competitiveness of renewable electricity.

3) All neg evidence assumes loan guarantees for large nuclear power plants – no evidence about SMRs and DOD purchasing

4) SMR’s solve high prices

Marston, CTO Electric Power Research Institute, ’12
~Dr. Theodore U. Marston, Former Chief Technology Officer of the Electric Power Research Institute, PhD Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, "Status of Small Modular Light Water Reactors in the US," The Nuclear Decarbonization Option: Profiles of Selected Advanced Reactor Technologies, March 2012~
Regulatory challenges could make smLWRs non-competitive. If the licensing of smLWRs become
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and expensive affair, requiring the expenditure of significant political and fiscal capital. 

5) SMR’s solve warming – renewables fail

Rosner %26 Goldberg, Physics Prof @ U Chicago, ’11
~Robert Rosner, William E. Wrather, Distinguished Service Professor, Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Physics at The University of Chicago, Director, Energy Policy Institute, Harris School of Public Policy, Stephen Goldberg, Professor of Law Emeritus at Northwestern Law,  "Small Modular Reactors – Key to Future Nuclear Power Generation in the U.S.," Energy Policy Institute at The University of Chicago, November 2011~
As stated earlier, SMRs have the potential to achieve significant greenhouse gas emission reductions
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capacity, which would support SMR deployment but not GW-scale LWRs. 

7) SMR’s key to renewables

Loudermilk, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, 2011 
(Small Nuclear Reactors and US Energy Security: Concepts, Capabilities, and Costs," Journal of Energy Security, http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=314:small-nuclear-reactors-and-us-energy-security-concepts-capabilities-and-costs%26catid=116:content0411%26Itemid=375)
Limitations of renewables Renewable energy technologies have made great strides forward during the last decade
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in fact prove instrumental to enabling the smart grid to become a reality.

Domestic nuclear industry key to prevent global accidents

Wallace and Williams, Senior Adviser on U.S. Nuclear Energy Project at CSIS and Nuclear Policy Analyst at Partnership for Global Security, 12
(Nuclear Energy in America:Preventing its Early Demise, csis.org/files/publication/120417_gf_wallace_williams.pdf)
Second, setting global norms and standards for safety, security, operations, and
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.S. nuclear industry and take action to prevent its early demise.

Fukushima proves accidents getting worse – extinction

Chossudovsky, Professor of Economics at University of Ottawa, 12 
(1/25, Fukushima: A Nuclear War without a War: The Unspoken Crisis of Worldwide Nuclear Radiation, www.globalresearch.ca/fukushima-a-nuclear-war-without-a-war-the-unspoken-crisis-of-worldwide-nuclear-radiation/)
The World is at a critical crossroads. The Fukushima disaster in Japan has brought
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University Researchers Challenge Official Data, Global Research, April 11, 2011)