Boston College » Kontopoulos-McCormick Aff

Kontopoulos-McCormick Aff

Last modified by Waldinger on 2013/03/31 09:28

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#	Date	Entry
	10/04/2012	1AC - Natural Gas: Plan Text, Inherency & Solvency Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Plan Text: The United States Department of Energy (DOE) should approve pending applications for natural gas exports. Inherency - NDT DOE refuses to establish a timeline for when they will make a decision on LNG exports, let alone if they will allow them – the ad hoc approach and delays will prevent US from getting a share of the global LNG market IHS Global Insight Daily Analysis, March 22, 2013 (“US DOE refuses to rush through LNG export permits”, p. Factiva) “In a hearing before the” and “are coming onstream.” Solvency - NDT Solvency LNG exports are feasible – barriers are easily overcome Ebinger et al., director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, 2012 (Charles, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas”, Policy Brief 12-01, May, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/05/02-lng-exports-ebinger) “This paper has attempted” and “competitive U.S.-sourced LNG.” Approving pending applications solves and does not require funding or Congress Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012 (Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf “I thus propose that,” and “restrictions on LNG exports.” Now is the key time to approve the export terminals – US exports are competitive but delays mean the US will lose out to competitors Sgamma, vice president of government and public affairs for Western Energy Alliance, March 19, 2013 (Kathleen, “Opening US LNG Export Terminals Would Lead To Greater Economic Health”, E&P Magazine, p. http://blogs.epmag.com/guests/2013/03/19/opening-us-lng-export-terminals-would-lead-to-greater-economic-health/) “The danger is that politicians” and “export terminal licenses.” Even if they win that exports aren’t large – the plan itself is key to reassuring allies and sending a signal that the US is committed to free trade Ebinger, director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, March 19, 2013 (Charles, “The Department of Energy’s Strategy for Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas”, Testimony Before the Oversight and Government Reform Committee Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements United States House of Representatives, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2013/03/19-liquefied-natural-gas-ebinger) “Beyond the basin-specific considerations” and “steadfast advocate for free trade.” Even if LNG doesn’t make it to Europe soon – the plan gives countries leverage to negotiate a better deal with Russia when their contracts are up Koryani, Deputy Director of the Patriciu Eurasia Center at the Atlantic Council, 2012 (David, “Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Atlantic Council Event, December 19, p. http://www.acus.org/event/energy-and-security-caspian-europe/transcript) “Just one remark on LNG,” and “being soon ready.” Exporting natural gas will not drastically increase prices, cause volatility or destroy competitiveness of US industries – producers will increase production to limit price spikes Ebinger et al., director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, 2012 (Charles, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas”, Policy Brief 12-01, May, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/05/02-lng-exports-ebinger) “While LNG exports may be” and “prices of —natural gas.” Opponents LNG exports have political motives but no evidence to back up their claims whereas exports are advocated by all serious policy analysts – you should reject all evidence from Markey, Wyden, Dow Chemical, Biltz, & the American Energy Advantage Entine, senior fellow at the Center for Health & Risk Communication and at the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS) at George Mason University, 2013 (Jon, “Odd Couple: Will Dow Chemical and Ed Markey's Opposition to Natural Gas Exports Cripple America's Energy Advantage?”, Forbes, January 24, p. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/01/24/odd-couple-will-dow-chemical-and-ed-markeys-opposition-to-natural-gas-exports-cripple-americas-energy-advantage/print/) “Dow Chemical’s recent resignation” and “employ approximately 1500 workers.”
	10/27/2012	1AC - Indigenous Land Return Tournament: Harvard \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: fullerton bs \| Judge: Quigley Dispossession of Native land required replacing Indian ontology to the white ontology of ownership Sullivan, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Penn State, 2006 (Shannon, Revealing Whiteness: The Unconscious Habits of Racial Privilege, p. 129-35) “The intertwining geo-economic” and “ontology of ownership.” The dispossession of Native land can be seen in American energy production and consumption which intrinsically linked to violent colonialism Thomas-Muller 2005 (Clayton, Cree Indian and a Native energy organizer for the Indigenous Environmental Network, Moving the Movement for Transportation Justice Vol 12, No1, http://urbanhabitat.org/node/307) “The link between” and “sacredness of Mother Earth. “ Native Americans are demanding independent control over energy projects to combat the history of colonialism and to free themselves from the discursive thrall of colonial development. Powell, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at UNC, 2006 (Dana, “Technologies of Existence: The indigenous environmental justice movement”, Development 49, 125–132. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100287) “In her work with” and “personal communication).” Indigenous land return is key to global decolonization movements that are critical to averting environmental collapse and extinction. George E. Tinker, Iliff School of Technology, 1996 Defending Mother Earth: Native American Perspectives on Environmental Justice, ed. Jace Weaver, p. 171-72 “My suggestion that we” and “may depend on it.” Thus, Sullivan and I affirm indigenous land return. The land is the basis for all the ills the government creates in the name of sovereignty – indigenous land return solves Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 520 – 530) “When all is said” and “on non-Indians.” Colonization is the root cause of oppression, exploitation and war. Only a return to an indigenous politics can remedy the ills of colonialism. Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90) “The question which inevitably” and “worked on attaining it?”
	11/08/2012	2AC - NG - Topicality Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers and prefer this definition because it’s from the government Energy Information Administration, 2001 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) “Over the years, incentives” and “market for producers.” Allowing exports is a financial incentive to increase production Carley, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University, 2012 (C.T., “C.T. CARLEY : Natural gas debate fires exploration of energy future”, DJournal, February 26, p. http://djournal.com/view/full_story/17661525/article-C-T~-~-CARLEY~-~--Natural-gas-debate-fires-exploration-of-energy-future) “If we could predict future” and “LNG from the Middle East.” And/or is means a choice or both Brians, Emeritus Professor of English at Washington State University, no date (Paul, “And/Or”, p. http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/andor.html “The legal phrase” and “and/or situation.” No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf) “Summary of Results” and “from shale sources.” Allowing exports is directly an incentive for producers Murkowski, US Senator from Alaska, 2011 (Lisa, “Liquefied Natural Gas”, Senate Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, November 8, p. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72461/html/CHRG-112shrg72461.htm) “Now I happen to have some” and “has arrived here today.”
	11/08/2012	2AC - NG - Condition FTA CP Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Massive TPP hurdles and lack of fast track authority in US ensures Congress will modify the TPP – delays will ensue which wrecks US trade cred – Aff impacts happen in short term Takaaki, Tokyo Foundation, November 28, 2011 Asano, “Beyond the TPP Flap - Toward a New Dialogue on Trade Policy,” http://www.tokyofoundation.org/en/articles/2011/beyond-tpp SM “For Japan to formally” and “international trade negotiations.6” Japan Says No due to party fragmentation – TPP would be political suicide for the PM Mulgan, professor at the University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, September 22, 2012 Aurelia George, “Noda’s unfinished agenda: is Japan TPP participation now more likely? http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2012/09/22/nodas-unfinished-agenda-is-japan-tpp-participation-now-more-likely/, accessed on 10/4/12 SM “The DPJ is far from” and “for a policy ambition.” Lack of political consensus ensures an unsuccessful TPP which unhinges the alliance Cooper, Specialist in International Trade and Finance, and Manvin, Specialist in Asian Affairs, August 24, 2012 Congressional Research Service - William H and Mark, “Japan’s Possible Entry Into the Trans-Pacific Partnership and Its Implications,” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42676.pdf SM “The outlook for Japan’s” and “open trade relationship.” Agricultural lobby – they have immense swing Kesavan, Professor, Distinguished Fellow and Khanna, Research Intern at Observer Research Foundation, September 11, 2012 Eurasia Review – KV and Kartikeya,” Japan’s Dilemma On The Trans-Pacific Partnership – Analysis” http://www.eurasiareview.com/11092012-japans-dilemma-on-the-trans-pacific-partnership-analysis/ SM “The government is facing” and “food safety standards.”
	11/08/2012	2AC - NG - Manufacturing DA Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Exports will not hurt US manufacturing competitiveness Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012 (Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf) “In contrast, energy intensive” and “exports presented above.” Turn: low gas prices are not key to competitiveness and increased production from exports will help manufacturing Richardson, Resident Scholar at Resources for the Future, 2012 (Nathan, “Natural Gas Exports and the “Manufacturing Renaissance””, Common Resources, May 17, p. common-resources.org/2012/natural-gas-exports-and-the-manufacturing-renaissance/) “As Alan Krupnick and” and “appears to be a bad idea.” Turn: chemical companies are helped from LNG exports – increases the market for NGLs Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012 (Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf) “This conclusion is likely” and “chemicals manufacturers.”
	11/08/2012	2AC - NG - Jackson-Vanik DA Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Give Russia war zero probability – politics, military superiority, and nuclear security Graham, 2007, Russia in Global Affairs, "The dialectics of strength and weakness", Carnegie Endowment as a senior associate; Thomas, p. http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1129.html “An astute historian of Russia” and “relations with Russia.” Nothing passes in the lame duck Geewax, 9/20/12, "'Fiscal Cliff' Scenarios Leave Economists On Edge," Marilyn, NPR, http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/npr/161442506/fiscal-cliff-scenarios-leave-economists-on-edge “But that's not the worst-case” and “by New Year's Eve.” Not Unique—Fights over other issues inevitable National Journal, 10-2-12, Cybersecurity, Online Sales Taxes Loom in Lame Duck, pfactiva “Congress will enter the” and “of Internet gaming.” No link--Executive agency rulemaking shields the link—Obama will back away from domestic political defenses of the plan if Congress presses him Herz ’12 – professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy (Michael E., “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012, “Mendelson begins with two” and “credit but not blame.)”
	11/10/2012	2AC - AT: T Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers and prefer this definition because it’s from the government Energy Information Administration, 2001 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance AND good or service; or, Creating or expanding a market for producers. Allowing exports is a financial incentive to increase production Carley, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University, 2012 (C.T., “C.T. CARLEY : Natural gas debate fires exploration of energy future”, DJournal, February 26, p. http://djournal.com/view/full_story/17661525/article-C-T--CARLEY-~--Natural-gas-debate-fires-exploration-of-energy-future) If we could predict future gas prices, we could plan our energy strategy in AND 10 years ago, we were actually importing LNG from the Middle East. And/or is means a choice or both Brians, Emeritus Professor of English at Washington State University, no date (Paul, “And/Or”, p. http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/andor.html The legal phrase “and/or,” indicating that you can either choose between AND possibility of the other, so this isn’t an and/or situation. Energy production is energy specific – government definitions Energy Information Agency, no date (“Glossary”, E, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=e) Energy production: See production terms associated with specific energy types. In terms of natural gas that is extraction Energy Information Agency, no date (“Glossary”, P, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P) Production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less ( AND This differs from "Marketed Production" which excludes flared and vented gas.) And “PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS” is extraction – Supreme Court definition Black, former US Supreme Court Justice, 1949 (Hugo, “FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION v. PANHANDLE EASTERN PIPE LINE CO. et al.”, No. 558., Dissenting Opinion, June 20, p. http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/337/498) The Court's sterilizing interpretation rests on an exception to Commission authority appearing in § 1 AND would mean the act of collecting gas after it has been brought forth. Prefer our interpretation – Topic education – the literature includes a broader meaning of financial incentives – it is critical to learn all the aspects of energy policy – especially when our evidence is from government sources Community consensus – the community voted for a broader meaning of the term financial incentives when they voted for Resolution 2. The negative’s interpretation is the same as Resolution 4 on the ballot which was REJECTED. Financial incentives MUST mean more than grants, direct loans, loan guarantees and/or tax incentives. We present into evidence Exhibit A: (http://www.cedadebate.org/node/1023) 2. Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power. 4. Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase grants, direct loans, loan guarantees, and/or tax incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power. States CP – limiting financial incentives to monetary exchanges destroys this part of the topic since the states can just offer the same incentives. They functionally limit the topic down to off shore drilling and “Reactor of the Week” affs. Aff flexibility – they can’t name a topical incentives aff for natural gas that already isn’t being done in the status quo – given the States CP the aff should get more leeway No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf) Summary of Results Increased natural gas exports lead to higher domestic natural gas prices, AND , about three-quarters of this increased production is from shale sources. We don’t explode the topic – we still limit out procurement and infrastructure affs -- don’t buy their abuse claims – we maintain a flexible topic for the aff without unlimiting Reasonability – Good is good enough. Don’t vote for potential abuse because of literature and clash in this round and T is a no risk argument for the negative.
	11/10/2012	2AC - AT: REM Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: China won’t become a net importer –this is based on false information about a report that the author says is wrong! Hatch, President and Director of Innovation Metals Corp., 2011 (Gareth, “Will China Become A Net Importer of Rare Earths By 2015?”, Technology Metals Research, February 27, p. http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2011/02/will-china-become-a-net-importer-of-rare-earths-by-2015/) The buzz in the rare-earths industry over the past few weeks, sending AND perhaps reading into the presentation, a sub-text that wasn’t there. The US is reliant on Chinese heavy rare earth elements – there are no short term alternative sources, the elements can’t be substituted quickly or cost-efficiently, recycling will fail and even if it works the prices will be much higher with China’s quota in place Stewart et al., adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law Center and Managing Partner of Stewart and Stewart, 2011 (Terence P., “Rare Earths, An Update: A Fresh Look at the Supplier(s), the Buyers, and the Trade Rules", paper presented to the Trans-Atlantic Business Dialogue, June 9, p. http://www.stewartlaw.com/stewartandstewart/Portals/1/Douments/GBD%20REE%20Paper%20Final.pdf) The challenge to bring more sources into operation outside of China is a daunting one AND and that they will remain more than double 2010 prices through 2015.49 In addition to rare earth elements – the WTO case includes tungsten but China controls the supply Wirtz, Director of Research at the American Resources Policy Network, 2012 (Sandra, “Happy Tungsten Month – highlighting a “stepchild” in the latest WTO case”, American Resources Policy Network, April 12, p. http://americanresources.org/happy-tungsten-month-%E2%80%93-highlighting-a-%E2%80%9Cstepchild%E2%80%9D-in-the-latest-wto-case/) If you haven’t lived under a rock, you will know that there’s a new AND to rank it as one of the metals most prone to supply disruptions. Tungsten is critical to the military but China controls most of the market Hilarski, Independent Marketing Manager with a focus on Precious Metals, 2011 (Randy, “National Defense and Tungsten”, Swiss Metal Assets, September 21, p. https://www.swissmetalassets.com/national-defense-tungsten.html#page=page-1) The rare industrial metal I would like to discuss today is tungsten. On the AND Superalloys for turbine blades, propellers, rotor blades and flight control surfaces.
	11/10/2012	2AC - AT: Lower Courts Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: CPs are illegitimate and a voting issue – they take away from topic specific education, no solvency evidence makes them unpredictable and not rational decision maker can decide between the agents CP Doesn’t solve: A. There is no case – they do not fiat that any company brings a case nor do they read evidence that a case will be brought up – this guts solvency and ensures the CP links to politics – they make a random ruling with no standing B. They have no evidence the DOE would follow the case – there is not a single solvency advocate for the CP – that is a voting issue for fairness and education – no advocate means the CP is unpredictable and not a real world consideration for policymakers. CP Links to Politics: A. Obama would get the blame for allowing natural gas exports B. Double bind – either the CP links to politics or it doesn’t solve the case – if the WTO doesn’t know about it, it won’t change their decision and it prevents companies from investing in the US Perm – do both – shields the link to politics Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2) Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further AND decision and say, ‘The devil made me do it.’ ” Counterplan makes the law unclear – prevents solvency Ashutosh Bhagwat, Professor of Law, University of California, Boston University Law Review, 80 B.U.L. Rev. 967, October, 2000, p.Lexis More significantly, greater lower court freedom would weaken the "settlement function" of AND court experimentation thus should not be overstated. But some costs are inevitable. LNG buyers are avoiding US LNG due to the uncertain political situation Brooks, member of the National Association of Petroleum Investment Analysts, 2012 (G. Allen, “Rep. Markey Questions Race To Export US LNG”, Energy Musings, Musings from the Oil Patch, January 17, p. http:~/~/energy-musings.com/node/281#2url:http://energy-musings.com/node/281#2) In May of last year, the Energy Department approved plans for the construction of AND have never proven as capable of operating energy markets as free markets have. Uncertainty is the main obstacle to LNG exports Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012 (D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities) At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S AND away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects. Congress’s authority to regulate foreign commerce is preeminent Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012 (Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf) Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution authorizes Congress to “regulate Commerce with AND by a legislative body, rather than an executive or judicial one.42 And, Congress EXPLICITLY gave DOE control to regulate natural gas exports in the Natural Gas Act Department of Energy, 2012 (“Natural Gas Import and Export Regulation Frequently Asked Questions”, April 3, p. http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/gasregulation/authorizations/Questions.html) WHY GET AN AUTHORIZATION TO IMPORT OR EXPORT NATURAL GAS? Section 3 of the AND anyone who wants to market, trade, or use foreign natural gas. Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause Congressional rollback Brickman 7, Danette, “Congressional Reaction to U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Understanding the Introduction of Legislation to Override”, Southern political science association, jan 3, 2007, __http://www.allacademic.com/ meta/p143265_index.html Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme AND factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions Supreme Court would strike down the CP – Congress has all the power Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012 (Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf) The Supreme Court’s pronouncements on the foreign commerce clause recognize the expansive scope of this AND an act of Congress as exceeding its powers to regulate foreign commerce.”83 The Court would take up the case and strike it down Hugh Baxter, Professor of Law and Philosophy at Boston University, UCLA Law Review, 46 UCLA L. Rev. 343, December, 1998, p.Lexis Admittedly, allowing lower courts to determine that a Supreme Court precedent is no longer AND of appeals or state supreme court refused to apply a Supreme Court precedent. No solvency: delay Klein 84 (Mitchell S. G., MA and Ph.D in Political Science – Northwestern University, Law, Courts, and Policy, p. 117-118) The aphorism “Justice delayed is justice denied” finds support from nay court analysts AND also produces an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court. Doesn’t solve China – case will be decide by summer 2013 RTT News, 2012 (“WTO To Examine China's Restrictions On Rare Earth Export”, July 24, p.Lexis) The World Trade Organization has constituted a panel to look into China's export restrictions on AND appeal body ruled as unfair China's limits on metal exports including rare earth. Delays mean the counterplan can’t solve for Japan LeVine, contributing editor at Foreign Policy, 2012 (Steve, “A sign that China is headed for an ever-so-slightly tidier future”, The Oil and the Glory, March 29, p. http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/29/a_sign_that_china_is_headed_for_an_ever_so_slightly_tidier_future) Eight U.S. producers have applied for LNG export rights, and one AND Pacific demand by 2022 -- "it would be doing very well indeed." Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable - they are made on a case by case basis and leave many questions unanswered Neese 5 (Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, “THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH”, 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, lexis) These two leading Colorado Supreme Court decisions, Bowen/Edwards and Voss, were AND a number of unanswered questions that will likely lead to future legal battles. Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – the CP destroys legitimacy Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001 (Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis) Any activity that affects the international market of supply and demand for finance, goods AND if it usurps the functional powers given solely to the other two branches. Undermining legitimacy takes out solvency Bentley, 2007 (Curt, Constrained by the liberal tradition, Brigham Young University Law Review, p. lexis) This institutional limitation theory focuses primarily on the constraints imposed on the Court because of AND decrees and where it nonetheless doggedly pursues the counter-majoritarian course. n122 Allowing states to regulate foreign commerce destroys democracy Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001 (Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis) The prohibitions against discrimination on entry of goods to the United States, and against AND the Supremacy Clause of Article VI as established in McCulloch v. Maryland. Democracy is key to preventing global nuclear war Muravchik, 2001, Democracy and Nuclear Peace, American Enterprise Institute, Joshua, p. http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf The greatest impetus for world peace -- and perforce of nuclear peace -- is the AND as close as anything we have to an empirical law in international relations."
	11/10/2012	2AC - AT: Fiscal Cliff Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: 1) History of US recessions prove economic decline does not lead to war, the reverse is true Blackwill, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, deputy assistant to the president and deputy national security adviser for strategic planning, July 30, 2009 RAND Corporation - Robert D., “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution,” Occasional Paper, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP275.html SM Reinforcing the importance of the subject at hand, ¶ the great British historian John AND ¶ policy by the Federal Reserve, a U.S. recession. 2) No impact to fiscal cliff – economic and military impacts will be gradual and minimal Lillis 9/12/12, The Hill, "House Democrats pushing hard from the left on budget as 'fiscal cliff' nears," Mike, p. http:~/~/thehill.com/homenews/campaign/249135-com/homenews/campaign/249135-house-dems-pushing-hard-from-the-left-as-fiscal-cliff-nears Complicating the debate, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) warned that a failure AND for a couple of years," Korb told members of the CPC Wednesday. 3) Zero risk of compromise—higher taxes a deal killer Shell, 11-7-12, USA Today, Adam p. http:~/~/www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2012/11/07/wall-street-election-react/1687277/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2012/11/07/wall-street-election-react/1687277/ The biggest fear is Washington's potential inability to compromise in a lame-duck session AND including Yardeni, believe that Obama's win will result in more turbulent negotiations. 4) Boehner rules out higher taxes Norington, 11-9-12, The Australian, Boehner offers to give on fiscal cliff, Washington correspondent; Brad, pfactiva Mr Boehner yesterday said he was ``willing to accept some additional revenues'', which AND insist that spending cuts must come from government programs, not tax increases. 5) No link--Executive agency rulemaking shields the link—Obama will back away from domestic political defenses of the plan if Congress presses him Herz ’12 – professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy (Michael E., “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012, Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know remarkably AND teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.) US will just export natural gas to Canada and Mexico who will then export it – which is all of the risk with none of the benefits Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012 (Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf) Making U.S. curbs on LNG exports effective would also require actions that AND benefits (direct profits from trade as well as leverage in trade negotiations). 6) Turn—compromise key to agenda a) plan is a compromise to GOP Client Alert, September 30, 2012 Latham and Watkins operates worldwide as a limited liability partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (USA), Number 1406 SM There has been political criticism of the delay in the processing of pending ¶ applications AND renewed urgency in ¶ completing the macroeconomic study at DOE.”6 ¶ b) Compromises is key to passing Obama’s agenda Akerman, 11-9-12, Daily Telegraph, Piers, pfactiva The Obama campaign showed itself to be superior in both its mining and the use AND Congress is no less divided or deadlocked than it was a week ago. 7) Cybersecurity debate will alienate the GOP and drain Obama’s political capital Schwartz, 11-9-12, International Herald Tribune, Outlook for Obama 2nd term: Yet more gridlock; President has to face split Congress to carry out his business policies, Neslon, pfactiva Obama is also expected to resume his push to enact cybersecurity legislation to protect the AND former cybersecurity adviser, Howard A. Schmidt, said in an interview. 8) Not unique—New EPA regulations announced during lame-duck National Journal, 11-6-12, A Full Plate Awaits Congress In Lame Duck, p. http://nationaljournal.com/member/daily/a-full-plate-awaits-congress-in-lame-duck-20121106?page=2 In the next two months, the Environmental Protection Agency will likely move forward with AND legal agreement with environmental groups to issue this standard by Dec. 14. Not unique—New EPA regulations alienate the GOP Clark, 10-12-12,The Real Republican Agenda Exposed, Oped News; Richard, p. http://somalilandsun.com/index.php/world/1619-the-real-republican-agenda-exposed In thrall to dirty-energy interests, House Republicans have held more than 300 AND also the new limits on Wall Street recklessness required under Dodd-Frank. 9) Obama lacks political capital to gain compromise with GOP Washington Times, 11-8-12, Obama: A lame-duck president, p. http://times247.com/times-opinion/editorial-obama-a-lame-duck-president?utm_source=twitterfeedandutm_medium=twitter The looming fiscal cliff will be Mr. Obama’s first post-election test. AND . Obama a lame duck simply affirms what has been true all along. US hegemony is resilient to economic decline – no turns case args Blackwill, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, deputy assistant to the president and deputy national security adviser for strategic planning, July 30, 2009 RAND Corporation - Robert D., “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution,” Occasional Paper, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP275.html SM First, the United States, ﬁ ve years from today. Did ¶ the AND least because China and ¶ India have adopted their own versions of it.
	11/10/2012	2AC - CP - Lower Courts Tournament: Wake \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: CPs are illegitimate and a voting issue – they take away from topic specific education, no solvency evidence makes them unpredictable and not rational decision maker can decide between the agents CP Doesn’t solve: A. There is no case – they do not fiat that any company brings a case nor do they read evidence that a case will be brought up – this guts solvency and ensures the CP links to politics – they make a random ruling with no standing B. They have no evidence the DOE would follow the case – there is not a single solvency advocate for the CP – that is a voting issue for fairness and education – no advocate means the CP is unpredictable and not a real world consideration for policymakers. CP Links to Politics: A. Obama would get the blame for allowing natural gas exports B. Double bind – either the CP links to politics or it doesn’t solve the case – if the WTO doesn’t know about it, it won’t change their decision and it prevents companies from investing in the US Perm – do both – shields the link to politics Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2) Counterplan makes the law unclear – prevents solvency Ashutosh Bhagwat, Professor of Law, University of California, Boston University Law Review, 80 B.U.L. Rev. 967, October, 2000, p.Lexis More significantly, greater lower court freedom would weaken the "settlement function" of AND court experimentation thus should not be overstated. But some costs are inevitable. LNG buyers are avoiding US LNG due to the uncertain political situation Brooks, member of the National Association of Petroleum Investment Analysts, 2012 (G. Allen, “Rep. Markey Questions Race To Export US LNG”, Energy Musings, Musings from the Oil Patch, January 17, p. http:~/~/energy-musings.com/node/281#2url:http://energy-musings.com/node/281#2) In May of last year, the Energy Department approved plans for the construction of AND have never proven as capable of operating energy markets as free markets have. Uncertainty is the main obstacle to LNG exports Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012 (D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities) At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S AND away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects. Congress’s authority to regulate foreign commerce is preeminent Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012 (Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf) Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution authorizes Congress to “regulate Commerce with AND by a legislative body, rather than an executive or judicial one.42 And, Congress EXPLICITLY gave DOE control to regulate natural gas exports in the Natural Gas Act Department of Energy, 2012 (“Natural Gas Import and Export Regulation Frequently Asked Questions”, April 3, p. http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/gasregulation/authorizations/Questions.html) WHY GET AN AUTHORIZATION TO IMPORT OR EXPORT NATURAL GAS? Section 3 of the AND anyone who wants to market, trade, or use foreign natural gas. Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause Congressional rollback Brickman 7, Danette, “Congressional Reaction to U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Understanding the Introduction of Legislation to Override”, Southern political science association, jan 3, 2007, __http://www.allacademic.com/ meta/p143265_index.html Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme AND factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions Supreme Court would strike down the CP – Congress has all the power Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012 (Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf) The Supreme Court’s pronouncements on the foreign commerce clause recognize the expansive scope of this AND an act of Congress as exceeding its powers to regulate foreign commerce.”83 The Court would take up the case and strike it down Hugh Baxter, Professor of Law and Philosophy at Boston University, UCLA Law Review, 46 UCLA L. Rev. 343, December, 1998, p.Lexis Admittedly, allowing lower courts to determine that a Supreme Court precedent is no longer AND of appeals or state supreme court refused to apply a Supreme Court precedent. No solvency: delay Klein 84 (Mitchell S. G., MA and Ph.D in Political Science – Northwestern University, Law, Courts, and Policy, p. 117-118) The aphorism “Justice delayed is justice denied” finds support from nay court analysts AND also produces an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court. Doesn’t solve China – case will be decide by summer 2013 RTT News, 2012 (“WTO To Examine China's Restrictions On Rare Earth Export”, July 24, p.Lexis) The ….. Delays mean the counterplan can’t solve for Japan LeVine, contributing editor at Foreign Policy, 2012 (Steve, “A sign that China is headed for an ever-so-slightly tidier future”, The Oil and the Glory, March 29, p. http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/29/a_sign_that_china_is_headed_for_an_ever_so_slightly_tidier_future) Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable - they are made on a case by case basis and leave many questions unanswered Neese 5 (Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, “THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH”, 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, lexis) Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – the CP destroys legitimacy Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001 (Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis) Any activity that affects to the other two branches. Undermining legitimacy takes out solvency Bentley, 2007 (Curt, Constrained by the liberal tradition, Brigham Young University Law Review, p. lexis) This …course. n122 Allowing states to regulate foreign commerce destroys democracy Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001 (Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis) The …. v. Maryland. Democracy is key to preventing global nuclear war Muravchik, 2001, Democracy and Nuclear Peace, American Enterprise Institute, Joshua, p. http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf The … international relations."
	11/10/2012	2AC - AT: Inherency Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Obama’s not likely to approve exports to non FTA countries – that’s the Reuter’s evidence, its predictive a post-election climate where the decision is too controversial for Obama given the recent study and price concerns The Petroleum Economist evidence from the 1AC says that the decision will not be made until 2013, creates uncertainty and it is unclear how Obama or Romney would decide on the issue US won’t allow more exports – history and price concerns SNL FERC Gas Report, 2012 (“Analyst: Door may close on US LNG exports after Sabine Pass”, October 17, p. Factiva) A chief analyst at Goldman Sachs said the federal government might not approve additional U AND if you don't see many more approvals come down the line after theirs."
	11/10/2012	2AC- AT: Hegemony Bad Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Monteiro is wrong--Unipolarity prevents superpower nuclear war—that outweighs the risk of lower level conflicts under unipolarity Cambanis, 2012, Boston Globe, The Lonely Superpower, January 22, fellow at The Century Foundation, Thanassis, p. factiva After decades of nuclear… nuclear arms race. US global leadership is unmatched and no counter-balancing will challenge it Brooks and Wohlforth, 2009, Foreign Affairs, March/April, Dartmouth professors, Stephen; William, p. The United States continues… the international system.
	11/10/2012	2AC- Lopez Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: Perm – do both Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2) Thursday’s decision… The devil made me do it.’ ” Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – devolution destroys legitimacy Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001 (Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis) Any activity… solely to the other two branches. Means Congress will ignore it Pacelle, poli sci prof and legal studies coordinator at the univ of Missouri at St. Louis, 2002 Richard, The Role of the Supreme Court in American Politics: The Least Dangerous Branch?, p81 Even if the Supreme… is its institutional legitimacy. Court rulings on energy policy link to elections Sunstein, Fall 2006 (Cass – Distinguished Service Professor in the Law School and Department of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Timing Controversial Decisions, Hofstra Law Review, 35 Hofstra L. Rev. 1, p. Lexis) In any election, voters… why should courts refuse to delay? Lack of a unified voice means they don’t solve the China advantage Wisconsin Law Review, 2009 (“A Match Made in Heaven or a Pair of Star-Crossed Lovers? Assessing Dormant-Foreign-Commerce-Clause Limitations on the Wisconsin-China Relationship, 2009 Wis. L. Rev. 733, p. Lexis) To an extent, a unified… high economic and political costs. And the counterplan jeopardizes our relations with Japan Schaefer, Director of International Economic Affairs Office at the National Security Council, 2011 (Matthew, “Constraints on State-Level Foreign Policy: (Re) Justifying, Refining and Distinguishing the Dormant Foreign Affairs Doctrine”, Seton Hall Law Review, 41 Seton Hall L. Rev. 201, p. Lexis) The most readily apparent… interests of the nation as a whole. Countries do not model US federalism Alfred Stepan, Wallace S. Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University, Federalism and Territorial Cleavages, edited by Ugo M. Amoretti and Nancy Bermo, 2004, p.443 One of the most influential… three paints in turn.
	11/10/2012	2AC- Pan K Tournament: Wake \| Round: 3 \| Opponent: \| Judge: China is really a threat – not a self-fulfilling prophecy James R. Lilley, Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, Commentary, Vol. 111, No. 2, February 2001, p. https://lists.lsit.ucsb.edu/archives/gordon-newspost/2001-May/001274.html At last, a thoughtful… principal rival, Japan. Plan Solves – calling China a threat shifts the discourse and prevents groupthink Rajon Menon, scholar with the New America Foundation, Commentary, Vol. 111, No. 2, February 2001, p. https://lists.lsit.ucsb.edu/archives/gordon-newspost/2001-May/001274.html With few exceptions… act of heresy. Groupthink causes wars and risks extinction Klas Lundius, Executive Director SLMK, The Swedish Section of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, 2004, p. http://www.slmk.org/main/artiklar/Human_Factor.pdf One common strategy… reliability problem. The rise of the PLA has contributed to a more assertive Chinese foreign policy bent on aggression – we’ll even give you quotes from specific generals Raman, an Additional Secretary (retd), Cabinet Secretariat, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and, presently, Director, Institute For Topical Studies, Chennai, and Associate of the Chennai Centre For China Studies December 24, 2010A More Assertive PLA,” http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers43/paper4245.html SM A new breed of analysts… gunboats to solve problems.”
	01/05/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Energy Poverty Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Natural gas exports will the front and center policy debate over energy in 2013 Dow Jones News Service, January 3, 2013 (“WSJ BLOG/Canada Real Time: Top U.S. Energy Forecaster Sees Energy Export Debate in 2013”, p. Factiva) “As the new year begins,” and “raise policy issues."” Obama will only allow a very small amount of exports, if any, and delays mean the US will miss out on their opportunity to export Business Monitor Online, January 1, 2013 (“Report Endorses LNG Exports, But Politics Remain Unsettled”, p. Lexis) “While the report spoke” and “pressure on prices.” Billions of people do not have access to electricity but energy poverty is one of the least discussed aspects of US energy policy Relich, Programming Fellow at Soleil Global, 2011 (Natalie, “Solving the Energy Poverty Problem”, The Energy Collective, February 28, p. http://theenergycollective.com/breakthroughinstitut/52649/solving-energy-poverty-problem) “In the age of iPhones,” and “to remedy them.” Energy poverty causes 4,000 people to die per day while harming health and educational opportunities Majerowicz and Moss, Research Assistant and Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, 2013 (Stephanie and Todd, “The Second Obama Administration Should Close Africa's Energy Poverty Gap” in Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2013, January, p. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2013/01/foresight%20africa/foresight_moss_2013.pdf) “It’s 2013 and nearly” and “every African government.” Despite good intentions, renewable energy will fail to produce enough electricity to help the 20% of the world who are energy impoverished – the US needs to set the precedent of providing access to energy through natural gas exports Banks, Managing Director of Vanguard Political, 2012 (David, “U.S. Fossil-Fuel Boom Key to Global Prosperity”, National Journal, November 26, p. http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/11/what-does-americas-energy-boom.php?comments=expandall#comments) “With roughly 20 percent of” and “between now and 2050.” Natural gas is critical to bridge the energy poverty gap Moss, vice president for programs and senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, 2012 (Todd, “Let Them Eat Solar Panels: The Hypocrisy of Western Greens on Energy Poverty”, The Breakthrough Institute, December 17, p. http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/let-them-eat-solar-panels/) “Even if global carbon emissions” and “two-thirds of their power.” In addition, oil-linked pricing of natural gas artificially keeps LNG prices higher – this causes countries to sell their gas on the global market rather than use it locally in gas turbines – only a decrease in price will reverse this trend Lynch, president and director of global petroleum service at Strategic Energy and Economic Research, 2012 (Michael, “Natural Gas Could Be the Cheap Power of the Future”, U.S. News and World Report, July 19, p. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/on-energy/2012/07/19/natural-gas-could-be-the-cheap-power-of-the-future) “In my last column,” and “source of cheap power.” US LNG exports are critical to breaking the oil index pricing of natural gas and lower prices Hulbert, Lead Analyst at the European Energy Review, 2012 (Matthew, “Why American Natural Gas Will Change The World”, Forbes, May 26, p. http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewhulbert/2012/05/26/why-american-natural-gas-will-change-the-world/print/) “‘It was the best of” and “convergence play out.” The systemic violence of poverty is an ongoing genocide that kills more people than nuclear war James Gilligan, Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, 2000, Violence: Reflections on Our Deadliest Epidemic, p. 195-196 “The 14 to 18 million deaths” and “throughout the world.” The affirmative is an instance of public deliberation that directly leads to more informed trade policy and prevents violent through ideology Sungjoon Cho, Assistant Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology, Doha's Development, 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165, 2007, LN “In this regard,” and “ Second World War.” This is especially true on the debate about natural gas exports Green, American Petroleum Institute, December 18, 2012 (Mark, “Exporting U.S. Natural Gas a Win for America”, Energy Tomorrow, p. http://energytomorrow.org/blog/exporting-us-natural-gas-a-win-for-america/#/type/all) “Obviously, the public policy” and “buried in the ground.” Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, 1992 (Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70) “During this phase, the citizen” and “technological society.61”
	01/07/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Trade: In addition, restricting natural gas exports would set the precedent for resource protectionism Lynch, president and director of global petroleum service at Strategic Energy and Economic Research, 2012 (Michael, “Limiting Natural Gas Exports Sets A Dangerous Precedent”, U.S. News and World Report, January 26, p. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/on-energy/2012/01/26/limiting-natural-gas-exports-sets-a-dangerous-precedent) “The huge boom in” and “industries and consumers.” The resource nationalism of US limits on LNG exports will cause retaliation that will unravel global free trade Neeley, Policy Analyst at Armstrong Center for Energy and the Environment, 2012 (Josiah, “Environmentalism’s Sword: Protectionism”, MasterResource, August 30, p.http://www.masterresource.org/2012/08/environmentalism-sword-protectionism/ “Economists are famous for” and “Secretary’s judgment require.”” Translation: All energy trade facilities, proposed or operational, exist by the grace of the federal government. The impact is global nuclear war Pazner, 08 – Faculty at the New York Institute of Finance (Michael, 2008, Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse, Revised and Updated Edition, p. 136-138, Google Books, KONTOPOULOS) “Continuing calls for curbs” and “new world war.”
	01/07/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Japan Economy Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Japan Economy: Japan’s economy is faltering– the new political leadership needs an effective roadmap for economic reform Schoff, Senior Associate of the Asia Program, December 18, 2012 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – James L. “Back to the Future in Japan,” http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/12/18/back-to-future-in-japan/ev1x SM “The LDP has another” and “more open trade.” Absent sufficient domestic energy production, Japan will enter a phase of deindustrialization – LNG exports are key to offset the decline of Japan’s manufacturing base Clemons, editor for the Atlantic, March 30, 2012 The Atlantic – Steve, “Japan Heading for Energy Death Spiral?” SM “Tanaka's argument is “ and “thus far showing Japan.” Specifically, US LNG exports are critical to Japan’s economy: low price and flexibility Inside F.E.R.C., 2012 (“New LNG export study could help resolve energy supply issues, says Japanese official”, December 17, p. Factiva) “Japan, by far the” and “pipelines, he said.” Japan’s manufacturing base is key sustain Japanese economic competitiveness Puckett and Corwin, U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 2009 Jane and Rebecca, Japan’s Manufacturing ¶ Competitiveness Strategy: ¶ Challenges for Japan, Opportunities ¶ for the United States, Published April 2009 by the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration SM “Japan’s comparative advantage” and “supplier relationships.” Japan is key to the global economy – critical to broader East Asian growth and stability Auslin, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, February 17, 2009 Michael Wall Street Journal, “Japan’s Downturn Is Bad News for the World,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123483257056995903.html SM “Recently, many economists” and “the U.S. economy.” Global economic decline causes wars leading to extinction Kemp, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Geoffrey, p. 233-4 “The second scenario,” and “the planet’s population.”
	01/07/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Putinism Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: The decline of Putinism is inevitable but if a peaceful transition to liberal-democratic principles doesn’t occur within the next decade Russia will devolve into a bloody civil war Shevtsova, chair of the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program at the Carnegie Moscow Center, 2012 (Lilia, “Implosion, Atrophy, or Revolution?”, Journal of Democracy, 23.3, July, p. http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/sites/default/files/Shevtsova-23-3.pdf) “Looking at Russia in” and “structure that it embodies.” The fall of Gazprom would end Putin’s state capitalism and cause a move toward market based reforms Aslund, senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, September 27, 2012 (Anders, “Gazprom crisis casts shadow over Putin”, Financial Times, September 27, p. http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/55c1aeb0-07c6-11e2-9df2-00144feabdc0.html#axzz27hFhdSAd) “Gazprom, the natural gas company” and “the state savings bank.” Gazprom – Russia’s nationally own gas company – Is on the brink collapse and along with it Putin’s state capitalism Washington Post, September 23, 2012 (“Cumbersome Gazprom losing its clout”, September 23, p. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/cumbersome-gazprom-losing-its-clout/2012/09/23/adf7ec08-fcf8-11e1-8adc-499661afe377_print.html) "The foundations are starting” and “still have the system.” Russian civil war causes nuclear war David, Professor of Political Science at Johns Hopkins, 1999 (Steven, Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb) Should Russia succumb to internal war, the consequences for the United States and Europe will be severe. “A major power like” and “Russian civil war.”
	02/23/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Turkey Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Turkey is dependent on Iranian imports but sanctions on Iranian natural gas threaten their access – new supplies are needed Senate Minority Staff Report, December 2012 (“Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Prepared for the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, December 12, p. http://www.foreign.senate.gov/publications/download/energy-and-security-from-the-caspian-to-europe) “Turkey imports the remaining” and “Turkey have atrophied.” Specifically, US sanctions are pressuring Turkey over buying Iranian natural gas – this hurts US-Turkey relations Financial Times, 2012 (“Turkey-Iran: gold for gas US scrutiny”, November 28, p. http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/11/28/turkey-iran-gold-for-gas-gets-us-scrutiny/#axzz2JV7UWenO) “More pressure is coming” and “produces nuclear weapons.”” Turkey rebuffs sanctions against Iran due to its natural gas needs – this hurts US-Turkish relations Aliriza et al., Director and Senior Associate of the Turkey Project at CSIS, 2012 (Bulent, “U.S.-Turkish Relations: A Review at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the Post-Cold War Era”, November 13, p. http://csis.org/files/publication/121107_Aliriza_USTurkishRelations_Web.pdf) “Turkey’s effort to maintain” and “sanctions at the UN Security Council.” Asking Turkey to abide by Iranian sanctions on natural gas without exporting to them creates tensions – exports solve Brown, Senior Staff Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Staff, December 19, 2012 (Neil, “Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Atlantic Council Event, December 19, p. http://www.acus.org/event/energy-and-security-caspian-europe/transcript) “Coincidentally, that study” and “domestic gas to you.” US-Turkey relations are key to Afghan stability Aliriza and Aras, 2012, U.S.-Turkish Relations: a review at the beginning of the third decade of the post–cold war era, November, CSIS; Center for Strategic Research; Bulent, Bulent, p. 16 “U.S.-Turkish cooperation” and “security and reconstruction.” Afghanistan instability will destabilize Pakistan—risking nuclear war with India Cronin, 2013, Washington Quarterly, Thinking Long on Afghanistan: Could it be Neutralized? Winter, Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University; Audrey Kurth, p. 66 Afghanistan would severely undermine Pakistan’s government if it again became a safe haven for the “ISI’s Islamist project.” And “India over Kashmir.” Afghan instability risks intervention by outside powers leading to nuclear war Cronin, 2013, Washington Quarterly, Thinking Long on Afghanistan: Could it be Neutralized? Winter, Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University; Audrey Kurth, p. 70 “With ISAF withdrawal” and “terrorism but nuclear war.” Indo-Pakistan nuclear war causes global extinction Robock and Toon, 2010, Scientific American, January, Rutgers and Colorado professors of climatology and atmospheric sciences; Alan, Owen Brian, p. http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf “Because as other nations” and “regional nuclear powers.”
	02/23/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage - Districts Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: US restrictions or limits on LNG exports definitely violate the WTO – all exemptions are warrantless and the WTO won’t buy them Inside U.S. Trade, 2013 (“LNG EXPORT RESTRICTIONS COULD BE DIFFICULT TO DEFEND UNDER WTO RULES”, Vol. 31, No. 5, February 1, p. Factiva) “Although U.S. environmental groups,” and “rare earths, Hufbauer said.” Limiting or restricting exports would set the precedent for resource nationalism – countries will cut off key natural resources that destroys manufacturing Dempsey, vice president of international economic affairs at the National Association of Manufacturers, 2013 (Linda, “Banning LNG Exports Will Hurt Jobs and Economy”, Shopfloor, January 15, p. http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/banning-lng-exports-will-hurt-jobs-and-economy/27328) “The National Association of Manufacturers” and “for any commodity.” Manufacturing strength is key to economy Ettlinger and Gordon 11, "The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing", Vice President for Economic Policy at the Center for American Progress, former director of the Economic Analysis and Research Network of the Economic Policy Institute and Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress; Michael; Kate, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf- “Manufacturing is critically important” and “embargoes to natural disasters.” Economic decline risks extinction Auslin and Lachman, 2009, The Global Economy Unravels, Forbes, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute; Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, Michael; Desmond, March 6, p. http://www.aei.org/article/100187 “What do these trends mean” and “into a big bang.” The best statistical support proves economic decline causes war Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215 “Less intuitive is how” and “ancillary to those views. This resource nationalism will lead to global nuclear war Panzer, 2007, Financial Armageddon: Protecting Your Future from Four Impending Catastrophes, New York Institute of Finance faculty member and employee for JP Morgan, Soros Funds, Dresdner Bank; Michael, p. 136-138 “Continuing calls for curbs” and “of a new world war.” In addition, restricting or limiting LNG exports would damage US trade leadership Reuters, 2013 (“US ban on LNG exports would violate WTO rules – experts”, January 31, p. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/31/usa-trade-lng-idUSL1N0AZMTU20130131) “A U.S. government decision to” and “variety of high-technology products.” US trade leadership is key to prevent great power wars Panitchpakdi 4 (DG Supachai, Former Director-General – World Trade Organization, “American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?”, National Press Club, 2-26, http://www.wto.org/french/ news_f/spsp_f/spsp22_f.htm) “I can sum up my message today” and “So does America.”
	02/23/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Flaring Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: US shale boom is uniquely driving global gas flaring due to the rate and quantity of flaring in the US Reuters, May 3, 2012 Huffington Post - Natural Gas Flaring Rises Globally, Fueled By U.S. Shale Boom SM “The U.S. shale energy boom is” and “barrels of oil equivalent.” Policy of LNG exports key to reverse flaring Silverstein, editor-in-chief for Energy Central's EnergyBiz Insider, 2012 (Ken, “The Other F-Word of Shale Drilling”, Forbes, September 27, p. http://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2012/09/27/the-other-f-word-of-shale-drilling/print/) “If you think fracking” and “burned off and wasted.” Conclusive studies prove flaring results in premature deaths, illness, and cancer from air pollution Ismail et al., Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, July 4, 2012 Academic One File, “Global Impact of Gas Flaring,” Saheed and G. Ezaina Umukoro, Energy and Power Engineering, page 290 SM “The health impacts of” and “have heat threshold 26.” Air pollution creates irreversible harm given the multiple adverse health risks and environmental consequences Driesen, Associate Professor at Syracuse University College of Law, J.D. Yale Law School, 2003 (David, “Stumbling Toward Sustainability,” 1989,Fall/Spring, 10 Buff. Envt'l. L.J. 25) “Air pollution can make life” and “healthy and productive life. 8”
	03/26/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: China WTO Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: The US has challenged China’s restrictions on rare earth elements at the WTO but restricting LNG exports will prevent the US from winning the case Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012 (Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf) “Conversely, if the United States” and “of rare earth metals.” A loss or a draw in the WTO would severely hurt US access to heavy rare earth elements Green, founder of the Strategic Material Advisory Council and an adjunct scholar with the National Center for Policy Analysis, 2012 (Jeffery A., “The Defense Implications of Rare Earth Shortages”, The National Center for Policy Analysis, August 2, p. http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ib112) “On the other hand, if China wins” and “unique heavy rare earths.” Even though other production is inevitable and the WTO case takes a while, a win is crucial for access to heavy rare earths which China will dominate for years Inside US-China Trade, 2012 (“Obama, Congress Urged To Go Beyond Trade Case To Secure Critical Inputs”, 12.3, January 18, p. http://www.cascadiacapital.com/PDF/Inside_US_China_trade.pdf) “The highly imbalanced nature of the” and “taxes and quotas,” he said.” The US is reliant on China for heavy rare earths which are critical to advanced military technologies Green, founder of the Strategic Material Advisory Council and an adjunct scholar with the National Center for Policy Analysis, 2012 (Jeffery A., “The Defense Implications of Rare Earth Shortages”, The National Center for Policy Analysis, August 2, p. http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ib112) “Furthermore, a range of highly advanced” and “but limited solution.” And the quota allows China to stockpile REEs to build up their military and share those advances while the US is sitting on the sidelines Bruno, Senior Editor at Pro-edge Consultants, 2012 (Alessandro, “Dependency on Foreign Rare Earths Leaves US Military Defenseless”, REE World Report, August 20, p. http://proedgewire.com/rare-earth-intel/dependency-on-foreign-rare-earths-leaves-us-military-defenseless/) “The trade in rare earths has” and “reached the end of the line.” US military superiority prevents great power war Kagan, 2012, The World America Made, Brookings Institution, Robert, p. 90-91 “One of the main causes of war” and “great-power war more likely again.” Decline of US hegemony risks great power wars Zhang and Shi, 2011, East Asia Forum, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, January 22, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,Yuhan; Columbia University, Lin, p. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/ (accessed: 9-6-2011) “Over the past two decades,” and “unrivalled US primacy.”
	03/26/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Japan Relations Advantage Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Increasing global energy demand makes energy security the central question for the future state of the US-Japan alliance – a consensus is needed on bilateral energy strategy Cronin et al., Senior Advisor @ CNAS, April 2012 Center for New American Security, Patrick, Paul Fiarra, and Zachary Hosford, “The China Challenge: Military, Economic and Energy Choices Facing the US-Japan Alliance,” accessed 9/17/12 SM “Although energy security” and “to be a viable alternative.” Allowing LNG exports to Japan is critical to revitalize the alliance through bilateral trade and relations Armitage and Nye, president of Armitage International and dean emeritus of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, August 15, 2012 (Richard and Joseph Jr., “The U.S.-Japan Alliance anchoring stability in asia”, CSIS, p. http://csis.org/publication/us-japan-alliance-1) “Recent positive developments in” and “customers for U.S. natural gas.” Japan’s energy needs are forcing the country to increase ties with other countries which hamstrings Japan’s ability to be an effective ally Mazza and Schmidt, American Enterprise Institute, 2012 (Michael and Gary, “Turn Gas Into Geostrategy; Japan is eager to buy Alaskan LNG. The decision ought to be a no brainer.”, The Wall Street Journal, June 10, p. Factiva) “After the Fukushima disaster,” and “this fortuitous development.” Allowing US natural gas exports is a critical symbolic gesture to maintain US-Japanese relations and give Japan more leverage in Energy trade Saunders, Executive Director of the Center for the National Interest, 2012 (Paul J., “Leaving Tokyo in the Dark”, The National Interest, August 7, p. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/leaving-tokyo-the-dark-7299?page=show) “Darting from one air-conditioned” and “one of its most pressing problems.” US ambivalence towards Japan’s alliance needs decreases their participation in the East Asian security architecture – ensures Chinese aggression Kapila, PhD., International Relations and Strategic Affairs analyst, 2010 Subhas, “Japan’s Political Instability and Its Strategic Impact,” pg online @ http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers39/paper3848.html SM “More seriously, Japanese insecurities” and “discomfiture of the United States.” US Japan alliance key to prevent war over Taiwan—it's the key deterrent Xinbo, professor at the Center for American Studies and associate dean of the School of International Relations and Public Affairs at Fudan University in Shanghai, 2005 Project Muse – Wu, “The End of the Silver Lining: A Chinese View of the U.S.-Japanese Alliance,” Washington Quarterly, 29.1, 119-130, accessed 9/18/12 SM “To Washington and Tokyo,” and “active and capable Japan.” And, full scale U.S.-China war over Taiwan escalates and goes nuclear—core interests outweigh all other concerns Bush, Director, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies, Senior Fellow, Brookings, and O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Brookings, 2007 Richard, and Michael E., A WAR LIKE NO OTHER: THE THRUTH ABOUT CHINA’S CHALLENGE TO AMERICA, John Wiley and Sons, pp.99-101 RG “War between China and Taiwan” and “China-Taiwan war.” Asia conflict goes nuclear – miscalc and US interests prove Landy, National Security Expert @ Knight Ridder, 3/10/’2k (Jonathan, Knight Ridder, lexis) “Few if any experts think China” and “to the Commerce Department.” The mere existence of the alliance isn’t enough – a structurally weak alliance encourages Chinese aggression and decimates the efficacy of the alliance Finnegan, Senior Research Associate @ the National Bureau of East Asian Research, November 2009 National Bureau of East Asian Research – Michael, “Managing Unmet Expectations in the US-Japan Alliance,” NBR Special Report #17, accessed on 9/18/12 SM “Although the two partners” and “new bargain on Japanese security.” South China Sea is likely to become a Lake Beijing given China’s coercive maritime approach – deterrence through the alliance is key Abe, prime minister of Japan election, January 1, 2013 Shinzo, “Asia’s sea fearing Democracies,” http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2964750 SM “Yet, increasingly, the South” and “rest on them as well.” South China Sea conflict goes nuclear Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research, 2011 Lawrence S. Wittner 11/28/2011, "Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?", www.huntingtonnews.net/14446) “While nuclear weapons exist,” and “encourage these policies.”
	03/29/2013	1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage - NDT Tournament: NDT \| Round: 2 \| Opponent: \| Judge: US restrictions or limits on LNG exports definitely violate the WTO – all exemptions are warrantless and the WTO won’t buy them Inside U.S. Trade, 2013 (“LNG EXPORT RESTRICTIONS COULD BE DIFFICULT TO DEFEND UNDER WTO RULES”, Vol. 31, No. 5, February 1, p. Factiva) “Although U.S. environmental groups,” and “rare earths, Hufbauer said.” Limiting or restricting exports would set the precedent for resource nationalism – countries will cut off key natural resources that destroys manufacturing Dempsey, vice president of international economic affairs at the National Association of Manufacturers, 2013 (Linda, “Banning LNG Exports Will Hurt Jobs and Economy”, Shopfloor, January 15, p. http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/banning-lng-exports-will-hurt-jobs-and-economy/27328) “The National Association of Manufacturers” and “for any commodity.” This resource nationalism will lead to global nuclear war Panzer, 2007, Financial Armageddon: Protecting Your Future from Four Impending Catastrophes, New York Institute of Finance faculty member and employee for JP Morgan, Soros Funds, Dresdner Bank; Michael, p. 136-138 “Continuing calls for curbs” and “of a new world war.” In addition, restricting or limiting LNG exports would damage US trade leadership Reuters, 2013 (“US ban on LNG exports would violate WTO rules – experts”, January 31, p. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/31/usa-trade-lng-idUSL1N0AZMTU20130131) “A U.S. government decision to” and “variety of high-technology products.” US trade leadership is key to prevent great power wars Panitchpakdi 4 (DG Supachai, Former Director-General – World Trade Organization, “American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?”, National Press Club, 2-26, http://www.wto.org/french/ news_f/spsp_f/spsp22_f.htm) “I can sum up my message today” and “So does America.”
	03/29/2013	1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage Solvency - NDT Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Russia will continue its hold over Central and Eastern European countries by using its leverage over high priced gas contracts based on oil-indexed pricing – this causes countries to adopt a more pro-Russian foreign policy or literally pay the price Koranyi and Vatansever, deputy director and nonresident senior fellow of the Atlantic Council’s Dinu Patriciu Eurasia Center, March 26, 2013 (David and Adnan, “Lowering the Price of Russian Gas: A Challenge for European Energy Security”, Atlantic Council Issue Brief, p. http://www.acus.org/files/publication_pdfs/403/eef130326russiangasprice.pdf) “First, in an increasingly competitive global economy” and “foreign policy choices adopted by individual countries.” Russia is maintaining its oil-indexed prices to Europe because they can – only US LNG exports would cause them to price based on gas and reduce prices The Daily Oil Bulletin, March 26, 2013 (“Migration Away From Oil-Linked LNG Pricing Expected, But Prices Not Expected To Collapse”, p. Factiva) “Ross Wyeno, energy analyst” and “support off-oil-based prices."” US LNG exports reduce Russian influence in Central and Eastern Europe through additional supply Cunningham, policy analyst at the American Security Project, March 2013 (Nick, “The Geopolitical Implications of U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, American Security Project, p. http://americansecurityproject.org/ASP%20Reports/Ref%200116%20-%20The%20Geopolitical%20Implications%20of%20U.S.%20Natural%20Gas%20Exports.pdf) “Europe remains highly dependent on Russia” and “to the Iranian regime.27”
	03/29/2013	1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage: Balkans Scenario - NDT Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Russia is using its natural gas to influence the Balkans away from Europeanization and democratization which is necessary to prevent conflict Blank, professor at the Strategic Studies Institute of the US Army War College, January 2013 (Stephen, “Russian Policy in the Western Balkans”, Atlantic Council, p. http://www.acus.org/files/Blank.pdf) “The Balkans remain an arena of East-West” and “provided peace, security, and prosperity to Europe.” Conflict in Balkans causes global war Blank, 2000, World Affairs, Fall, American Grand Strategy and the Transcaspian Region, US Army War College professor of strategic studies; Stephen, p. 73-4 “Thus many structural conditions” and “capable of settling the situation.(77)”
	03/29/2013	1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage: Ukraine Scenario - NDT Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: \| Judge: Russia is using natural gas as a weapon to force Ukraine to join the Customs Union, which is mutually exclusive with EU’s Association Agreement Konończuk, Head of the Department for Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova at the Centre for Eastern Studies, February 1, 2013 (Wojciech, “Gas as an Instrument of Russian Pressure on Ukraine”, Natural Gas Europe, p. http://www.naturalgaseurope.com/ukraine-russia-gas-dispute) “On 26 January the Financial Times” and “ “bring about its own political interests.” The Associated Agreement with the EU is critical to prevent Ukrainian collapse Umland, Associate Professor of Political Science at the National University of “Kiev-Mohyla Academy”, February 22, 2013 (Andreas, “How Ukraine Might Blow Its Historic Opportunity”, The National Interest, p. http://nationalinterest.org/print/commentary/how-ukraine-might-blow-its-historic-opportunity-8132) “After five years of intense negotiations” and “opportunity to finally determine their destiny.” Ukrainian collapse will cause Crimea to declare independence Trenin, 2007, Washington Quarterly, Spring, Carnegie Endowment, Dmitri, p. 102-3 “With the U.S.-Russian economic anchor” and “damage could be truly severe.” Crimea separatism leads to nuclear World War 3 Kingston 9 (Brian, Norman Paterson School of International Affairs – CIFP, “Ukraine: A Risk Assessment Report”, February, http://www.carleton.ca/cifp/app/serve.php/1214.pdf) “Russia: Russia seeks to influence” and “drawing in of many other countries.”
	03/30/2013	NDT Rnd 3 1AC Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: Stanford \| Judge: 1AC Same as on wiki for NDT R1
	03/30/2013	NDT Rnd 3 AT: Topicality Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: Stanford \| Judge: T Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers but excludes support programs like RandD and mandates like purchasing agreements and RPS Energy Information Administration, 2001 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance AND regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government. Natural gas exports are a substantial financial incentive for production Matthews, resident scholar at the Institute for Policy Innovation, December 27, 2012 (Merrill, “Merrill Matthews: Don't ban natural-gas exports”, Providence Journal, p. http://blogs.providencejournal.com/ri-talks/this-new-england/2012/12/merrill-matthews-dont-ban-natural-gas-exports.html) But their concerns, while understandable, are overblown. Allowing natural-gas exports AND . This expansion would increase supply and put downward pressure on domestic prices. LNG exports are for the purpose to increase production Means, former assistant to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, 2013 (Grady, “Obama needs to prove he's serious about energy independence; Natural gas is key to America's future”, Washington Times, January 3, p. Lexis) Another important part of the puzzle is to encourage exploration and production to increase supply AND and would offset the political leverage in Western Europe exerted by Russia's Gazprom. Allowing exports is directly an incentive for producers Murkowski, US Senator from Alaska, 2011 (Lisa, “Liquefied Natural Gas”, Senate Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, November 8, p. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72461/html/CHRG-112shrg72461.htm) Now I happen to have some experience on the issue of LNG export¶ in AND the first place. That’s why the¶ technology has arrived here today. For indicates purpose and the recipient of an activity Merriam-Webster 2011, p. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for For 1a —used as a function word to indicate purpose a grant for AND run for your life an eye for a bargain Financial incentives according to the government include indirect actions – they are defining subsidies, not incentives Energy Information Administration, 2001 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf) The term “incentive” is used instead of “subsidy.” AND granted by the Government to firms and individuals. Energy production is energy specific – government definitions Energy Information Agency, no date (“Glossary”, E, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=e) Energy production: See production terms associated with specific energy types. In terms of natural gas that is extraction Energy Information Agency, no date (“Glossary”, P, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P) Production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; less (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate; and less (3) nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas, which has been transferred to the storage category, are not considered production. Flared and vented gas is also considered production. (This differs from "Marketed Production" which excludes flared and vented gas.) No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012 (EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf) Summary of Results Increased natural gas exports lead to higher domestic natural gas prices, AND , about three-quarters of this increased production is from shale sources.
	03/30/2013	NDT Rnd 3 AT: Security K Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: Stanford \| Judge: Security K Perm do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alt – the state coopts the alt McCormack 10 (Tara, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 59-61) In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic AND Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time. Prior questions fail and paralyze politics Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader of Political Theory at the Univ. of Southampton, Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7) Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ‘a AND the first and second dangers, and so a potentially vicious circle arises. Resource nationalism, like not allowing natural gas exports, is the epitome of energy security Hillyard et al., Director of the Corner House, 2012 (Nicholas, “Energy Security For What? For Whom?”, The Corner House, February, p. http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy%20Security%20For%20Whom%20For%20What.pdf) Whilst numerous communities continue to explore ways of living that embody the notion of “ AND to ensure that the European Union has access to the energy it needs. Threats real and not constructed—rational risk assessment goes aff Knudsen 1– PoliSci Professor at Sodertorn (Olav, Post-Copenhagen Security Studies, Security Dialogue 32:3) Moreover, I have a problem with the underlying implication that it is unimportant whether AND instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them. Images of catastrophe cause an empathic shift---this is crucial in policy debate Recuber 11 Timothy Recuber is a doctoral candidate in sociology at the Graduate Center of the City. University of New York. He has taught at Hunter College in Manhattan "CONSUMING CATASTROPHE: AUTHENTICITY AND EMOTION IN MASS-MEDIATED DISASTER" gradworks.umi.com/3477831.pdf Perhaps, then, what distant consumers express when they sit glued to the television AND we must advocate on a daily basis, not only when disaster strikes.
	03/30/2013	NDT Rnd 3 AT: Courts CP Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: Stanford \| Judge: Courts CP Perm – do both Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2) Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further AND decision and say, ‘The devil made me do it.’ ” Doesn’t solve – The Supreme Court doesn’t have jurisdiction, no test case takes out solvency, and FERC would block the case from reaching the court Natural Gas Act, no date (Natural Gas Act, with amendments included made by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/ResearchCenter/FactSheets/Documents/www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/Natural%20Gas%20Act%20as%20Amended_1.pdf) Any party to a proceeding under this chapter aggrieved by an order issued by the AND States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of Title 28. Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause rollback Brickman 7, Danette, “Congressional Reaction to U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Understanding the Introduction of Legislation to Override”, Southern political science association, jan 3, 2007, http://www.allacademic.com/ meta/p143265_index.html Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme AND factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions Courts can only get involved AFTER the rehearing process – there will be massive delays – prefer this evidence – it’s the newest and from the DOE Smith, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy at the DOE, March 19, 2013 (Christopher, “The Department of Energy’s Program Regulating Liquefied Natural Gas Export Applications”, Testimony Before the Oversight and Government Reform Committee Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements United States House of Representatives, p. http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Smith-Testimony-3-19-LNG-COMPLETE.pdf) DOE’s review of applications to export LNG to non-free trade agreement countries is AND . Court review is available as well after the rehearing process is exhausted. an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court. Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable Neese 5 (Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, “THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH”, 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, lexis) These two leading Colorado Supreme Court decisions, Bowen/Edwards and Voss, were AND a number of unanswered questions that will likely lead to future legal battles. Uncertainty kills exports Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012 (D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities) At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S AND away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects.
	03/30/2013	NDT Rnd 3 AT: CIR Politics Tournament: \| Round: \| Opponent: Stanford \| Judge: CIR CIR won’t pass--border security trigger fight dooms York, 3-27-13, Border security in exchange for immigration reform? Napolitano says no deal, Byron, p. http://washingtonexaminer.com/border-security-in-exchange-for-immigration-reform-napolitano-says-no-deal./article/2525505 Republicans working to craft a comprehensive immigration reform bill say there is one rock- AND reform, they can forget about making a deal, now or ever. No internal link—Obama PC not key Pittsburgh Post Gazette, 3-28-13, p. http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/us/obama-pushes-immigration-bill-681139/ In back-to-back interviews with Spanish-language television networks, Mr AND better chance of winning Republican support than one overtly influenced by the president. Guest worker negotiations prove Obama PC is not key to resolving disputes Nakamura, 3-28-13, Washington Post, Dispute over guest-worker program puts immigration talks at risk of delay, David, p. factiva Administration officials say privately that the Senate group asked the White House to give the AND has been helped ensure that the negotiations do not become "overly politicized." No link--Executive agency rulemaking shields the link—Obama will back away from domestic political defenses of the plan if Congress presses him Herz ’12 – professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy (Michael E., “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012, Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know remarkably AND teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.) Don’t buy the hype – there is substantial bipartisan support in Congress for exports Ross, The Council of State Governments, March 5, 2013 (Brydon, “Liquefied Natural Gas and the Great Export Debate”, Capitol Research, p. http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/drupal/content/liquefied-natural-gas-and-great-export-debate) Despite the strong rhetoric from detractors, state leaders should recognize there is substantial bipartisan AND and reduce the influence of resource rich countries like Iran and Russia.27 Plan is popular in Congress – especially among Republicans SNL Energy Gas Utility Week, 2013 (“Bipartisan group of 109 congressmen tells Chu: Time to move ahead with LNG exports”, January 28, p. Factiva) A bipartisan group of 109 members of Congress has written Energy Secretary Steven Chu to AND from reaching a world price, a concern often cited by export opponents. Deterrence prevents India/Pakistan conflict. Tepperman ‘9 Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor at Newsweek Magazine and former Deputy Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, September 14, 2009, Newsweek, September 14, 2009, Lexis Academic The record since then shows the same pattern repeating: nuclear-armed enemies slide AND leaders on each side did what they had to do to avoid it.

Date

Entry

10/04/2012

1AC - Natural Gas: Plan Text, Inherency & Solvency

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Plan Text: The United States Department of Energy (DOE) should approve pending applications for natural gas exports.

Inherency - NDT

DOE refuses to establish a timeline for when they will make a decision on LNG exports, let alone if they will allow them – the ad hoc approach and delays will prevent US from getting a share of the global LNG market
IHS Global Insight Daily Analysis, March 22, 2013
(“US DOE refuses to rush through LNG export permits”, p. Factiva)
“In a hearing before the” and “are coming onstream.”

Solvency - NDT

Solvency

LNG exports are feasible – barriers are easily overcome
Ebinger et al., director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, 2012
(Charles, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas”, Policy Brief 12-01, May, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/05/02-lng-exports-ebinger)
“This paper has attempted” and “competitive U.S.-sourced LNG.”

Approving pending applications solves and does not require funding or Congress
Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012
(Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf
“I thus propose that,” and “restrictions on LNG exports.”

Now is the key time to approve the export terminals – US exports are competitive but delays mean the US will lose out to competitors
Sgamma, vice president of government and public affairs for Western Energy Alliance, March 19, 2013
(Kathleen, “Opening US LNG Export Terminals Would Lead To Greater Economic Health”, E&P Magazine, p. http://blogs.epmag.com/guests/2013/03/19/opening-us-lng-export-terminals-would-lead-to-greater-economic-health/)
“The danger is that politicians” and “export terminal licenses.”

Even if they win that exports aren’t large – the plan itself is key to reassuring allies and sending a signal that the US is committed to free trade
Ebinger, director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, March 19, 2013
(Charles, “The Department of Energy’s Strategy for Exporting Liquefied Natural Gas”, Testimony Before the Oversight and Government Reform Committee Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements United States House of Representatives, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2013/03/19-liquefied-natural-gas-ebinger)
“Beyond the basin-specific considerations” and “steadfast advocate for free trade.”

Even if LNG doesn’t make it to Europe soon – the plan gives countries leverage to negotiate a better deal with Russia when their contracts are up
Koryani, Deputy Director of the Patriciu Eurasia Center at the Atlantic Council, 2012
(David, “Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Atlantic Council Event, December 19, p. http://www.acus.org/event/energy-and-security-caspian-europe/transcript)
“Just one remark on LNG,” and “being soon ready.”

Exporting natural gas will not drastically increase prices, cause volatility or destroy competitiveness of US industries – producers will increase production to limit price spikes
Ebinger et al., director of the Energy Security Initiative at Brookings, 2012
(Charles, “Liquid Markets: Assessing the Case for U.S. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas”, Policy Brief 12-01, May, p. http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2012/05/02-lng-exports-ebinger)
“While LNG exports may be” and “prices of —natural gas.”

Opponents LNG exports have political motives but no evidence to back up their claims whereas exports are advocated by all serious policy analysts – you should reject all evidence from Markey, Wyden, Dow Chemical, Biltz, & the American Energy Advantage
Entine, senior fellow at the Center for Health & Risk Communication and at the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS) at George Mason University, 2013
(Jon, “Odd Couple: Will Dow Chemical and Ed Markey's Opposition to Natural Gas Exports Cripple America's Energy Advantage?”, Forbes, January 24, p. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2013/01/24/odd-couple-will-dow-chemical-and-ed-markeys-opposition-to-natural-gas-exports-cripple-americas-energy-advantage/print/)
“Dow Chemical’s recent resignation” and “employ approximately 1500 workers.”

10/27/2012

1AC - Indigenous Land Return

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: fullerton bs | Judge: Quigley
Dispossession of Native land required replacing Indian ontology to the white ontology of ownership
Sullivan, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies, and African and African American Studies at Penn State, 2006
(Shannon, Revealing Whiteness: The Unconscious Habits of Racial Privilege, p. 129-35)
“The intertwining geo-economic” and “ontology of ownership.”

The dispossession of Native land can be seen in American energy production and consumption which intrinsically linked to violent colonialism
Thomas-Muller 2005
(Clayton, Cree Indian and a Native energy organizer for the Indigenous Environmental Network, Moving the Movement for Transportation Justice Vol 12, No1, http://urbanhabitat.org/node/307)
“The link between” and “sacredness of Mother Earth. “

Native Americans are demanding independent control over energy projects to combat the history of colonialism and to free themselves from the discursive thrall of colonial development.
Powell, Assistant Professor of Anthropology at UNC, 2006
(Dana, “Technologies of Existence: The indigenous environmental justice movement”, Development 49, 125–132. doi:10.1057/palgrave.development.1100287)
“In her work with” and “personal communication).”

Indigenous land return is key to global decolonization movements that are critical to averting environmental collapse and extinction.
George E. Tinker, Iliff School of Technology, 1996
Defending Mother Earth: Native American Perspectives on Environmental Justice, ed. Jace Weaver, p. 171-72
“My suggestion that we” and “may depend on it.”

Thus, Sullivan and I affirm indigenous land return.

The land is the basis for all the ills the government creates in the name of sovereignty – indigenous land return solves
Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in
Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 520 – 530)
“When all is said” and “on non-Indians.”

Colonization is the root cause of oppression, exploitation and war. Only a return to an indigenous politics can remedy the ills of colonialism.
Ward Churchill 1996 (Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado, Boulder, BA and MA in Communications from Sangamon State, From A Native Son pgs 85-90)
“The question which inevitably” and “worked on attaining it?”

11/08/2012

2AC - NG - Topicality

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers and prefer this definition because it’s from the government
Energy Information Administration, 2001
(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)
“Over the years, incentives” and “market for producers.”

Allowing exports is a financial incentive to increase production
Carley, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University, 2012
(C.T., “C.T. CARLEY : Natural gas debate fires exploration of energy future”, DJournal, February 26, p. http://djournal.com/view/full_story/17661525/article-C-T~-~-CARLEY~-~--Natural-gas-debate-fires-exploration-of-energy-future)
“If we could predict future” and “LNG from the Middle East.”

And/or is means a choice or both
Brians, Emeritus Professor of English at Washington State University, no date
(Paul, “And/Or”, p. http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/andor.html
“The legal phrase” and “and/or situation.”

No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012
(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf)
“Summary of Results” and “from shale sources.”

Allowing exports is directly an incentive for producers
Murkowski, US Senator from Alaska, 2011
(Lisa, “Liquefied Natural Gas”, Senate Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, November 8, p. www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72461/html/CHRG-112shrg72461.htm)
“Now I happen to have some” and “has arrived here today.”

11/08/2012

2AC - NG - Condition FTA CP

11/08/2012

2AC - NG - Manufacturing DA

11/08/2012

2AC - NG - Jackson-Vanik DA

11/10/2012

2AC - AT: T

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers and prefer this definition because it’s from the government

Energy Information Administration, 2001

(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)

Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance

AND

good or service; or, Creating or expanding a market for producers.

Allowing exports is a financial incentive to increase production

Carley, Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Mississippi State University, 2012

(C.T., “C.T. CARLEY : Natural gas debate fires exploration of energy future”, DJournal, February 26, p. http://djournal.com/view/full_story/17661525/article-C-T--CARLEY-~--Natural-gas-debate-fires-exploration-of-energy-future)

If we could predict future gas prices, we could plan our energy strategy in

AND

10 years ago, we were actually importing LNG from the Middle East.

And/or is means a choice or both

Brians, Emeritus Professor of English at Washington State University, no date

(Paul, “And/Or”, p. http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/andor.html

The legal phrase “and/or,” indicating that you can either choose between

AND

possibility of the other, so this isn’t an and/or situation.

Energy production is energy specific – government definitions

Energy Information Agency, no date

(“Glossary”, E, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=e)

Energy production: See production terms associated with specific energy types.

In terms of natural gas that is extraction

Energy Information Agency, no date

(“Glossary”, P, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P)

Production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less (

AND

This differs from "Marketed Production" which excludes flared and vented gas.)

And “PRODUCTION OF NATURAL GAS” is extraction – Supreme Court definition

Black, former US Supreme Court Justice, 1949

(Hugo, “FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION v. PANHANDLE EASTERN PIPE LINE CO. et al.”, No. 558., Dissenting Opinion, June 20, p. http://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/337/498)

The Court's sterilizing interpretation rests on an exception to Commission authority appearing in § 1

AND

would mean the act of collecting gas after it has been brought forth.

Prefer our interpretation –

Topic education – the literature includes a broader meaning of financial incentives – it is critical to learn all the aspects of energy policy – especially when our evidence is from government sources

Community consensus – the community voted for a broader meaning of the term financial incentives when they voted for Resolution 2. The negative’s interpretation is the same as Resolution 4 on the ballot which was REJECTED. Financial incentives MUST mean more than grants, direct loans, loan guarantees and/or tax incentives.

We present into evidence Exhibit A: (http://www.cedadebate.org/node/1023)

2. Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power.

4. Resolved: The United States Federal Government should substantially reduce restrictions on and/or substantially increase grants, direct loans, loan guarantees, and/or tax incentives for energy production in the United States of one or more of the following: coal, crude oil, natural gas, nuclear power, solar power, wind power.

States CP – limiting financial incentives to monetary exchanges destroys this part of the topic since the states can just offer the same incentives. They functionally limit the topic down to off shore drilling and “Reactor of the Week” affs.

Aff flexibility – they can’t name a topical incentives aff for natural gas that already isn’t being done in the status quo – given the States CP the aff should get more leeway

No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012

(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf)

Summary of Results Increased natural gas exports lead to higher domestic natural gas prices,

AND

, about three-quarters of this increased production is from shale sources.

We don’t explode the topic – we still limit out procurement and infrastructure affs -- don’t buy their abuse claims – we maintain a flexible topic for the aff without unlimiting

Reasonability – Good is good enough. Don’t vote for potential abuse because of literature and clash in this round and T is a no risk argument for the negative.

11/10/2012

2AC - AT: REM

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

China won’t become a net importer –this is based on false information about a report that the author says is wrong!

Hatch, President and Director of Innovation Metals Corp., 2011

(Gareth, “Will China Become A Net Importer of Rare Earths By 2015?”, Technology Metals Research, February 27, p. http://www.techmetalsresearch.com/2011/02/will-china-become-a-net-importer-of-rare-earths-by-2015/)

The buzz in the rare-earths industry over the past few weeks, sending

AND

perhaps reading into the presentation, a sub-text that wasn’t there.

The US is reliant on Chinese heavy rare earth elements – there are no short term alternative sources, the elements can’t be substituted quickly or cost-efficiently, recycling will fail and even if it works the prices will be much higher with China’s quota in place

Stewart et al., adjunct professor at Georgetown University Law Center and Managing Partner of Stewart and Stewart, 2011

(Terence P., “Rare Earths, An Update: A Fresh Look at the Supplier(s), the Buyers, and the Trade Rules", paper presented to the Trans-Atlantic Business Dialogue, June 9, p. http://www.stewartlaw.com/stewartandstewart/Portals/1/Douments/GBD%20REE%20Paper%20Final.pdf)

The challenge to bring more sources into operation outside of China is a daunting one

AND

and that they will remain more than double 2010 prices through 2015.49

In addition to rare earth elements – the WTO case includes tungsten but China controls the supply

Wirtz, Director of Research at the American Resources Policy Network, 2012

(Sandra, “Happy Tungsten Month – highlighting a “stepchild” in the latest WTO case”, American Resources Policy Network, April 12, p. http://americanresources.org/happy-tungsten-month-%E2%80%93-highlighting-a-%E2%80%9Cstepchild%E2%80%9D-in-the-latest-wto-case/)

If you haven’t lived under a rock, you will know that there’s a new

AND

to rank it as one of the metals most prone to supply disruptions.

Tungsten is critical to the military but China controls most of the market

Hilarski, Independent Marketing Manager with a focus on Precious Metals, 2011

(Randy, “National Defense and Tungsten”, Swiss Metal Assets, September 21, p. https://www.swissmetalassets.com/national-defense-tungsten.html#page=page-1)

The rare industrial metal I would like to discuss today is tungsten. On the

AND

Superalloys for turbine blades, propellers, rotor blades and flight control surfaces.

11/10/2012

2AC - AT: Lower Courts

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

CPs are illegitimate and a voting issue – they take away from topic specific education, no solvency evidence makes them unpredictable and not rational decision maker can decide between the agents

CP Doesn’t solve:

A. There is no case – they do not fiat that any company brings a case nor do they read evidence that a case will be brought up – this guts solvency and ensures the CP links to politics – they make a random ruling with no standing

B. They have no evidence the DOE would follow the case – there is not a single solvency advocate for the CP – that is a voting issue for fairness and education – no advocate means the CP is unpredictable and not a real world consideration for policymakers.

CP Links to Politics:

A. Obama would get the blame for allowing natural gas exports

B. Double bind – either the CP links to politics or it doesn’t solve the case – if the WTO doesn’t know about it, it won’t change their decision and it prevents companies from investing in the US

Perm – do both – shields the link to politics

Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2)

Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further

AND

decision and say, ‘The devil made me do it.’ ”

Counterplan makes the law unclear – prevents solvency

Ashutosh Bhagwat, Professor of Law, University of California, Boston University Law Review, 80 B.U.L. Rev. 967, October, 2000, p.Lexis

More significantly, greater lower court freedom would weaken the "settlement function" of

AND

court experimentation thus should not be overstated. But some costs are inevitable.

LNG buyers are avoiding US LNG due to the uncertain political situation

Brooks, member of the National Association of Petroleum Investment Analysts, 2012

(G. Allen, “Rep. Markey Questions Race To Export US LNG”, Energy Musings, Musings from the Oil Patch, January 17, p. http:~/~/energy-musings.com/node/281#2url:http://energy-musings.com/node/281#2)

In May of last year, the Energy Department approved plans for the construction of

AND

have never proven as capable of operating energy markets as free markets have.

Uncertainty is the main obstacle to LNG exports

Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012

(D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities)

At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S

AND

away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects.

Congress’s authority to regulate foreign commerce is preeminent

Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012

(Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf)

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution authorizes Congress to “regulate Commerce with

AND

by a legislative body, rather than an executive or judicial one.42

And, Congress EXPLICITLY gave DOE control to regulate natural gas exports in the Natural Gas Act

Department of Energy, 2012

(“Natural Gas Import and Export Regulation Frequently Asked Questions”, April 3, p. http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/gasregulation/authorizations/Questions.html)

WHY GET AN AUTHORIZATION TO IMPORT OR EXPORT NATURAL GAS? Section 3 of the

AND

anyone who wants to market, trade, or use foreign natural gas.

Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause Congressional rollback

Brickman 7, Danette, “Congressional Reaction to U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Understanding the Introduction of Legislation to Override”, Southern political science association, jan 3, 2007, __http://www.allacademic.com/ meta/p143265_index.html

Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme

AND

factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions

Supreme Court would strike down the CP – Congress has all the power

Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012

(Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf)

The Supreme Court’s pronouncements on the foreign commerce clause recognize the expansive scope of this

AND

an act of Congress as exceeding its powers to regulate foreign commerce.”83

The Court would take up the case and strike it down

Hugh Baxter, Professor of Law and Philosophy at Boston University, UCLA Law Review,

46 UCLA L. Rev. 343, December, 1998, p.Lexis

Admittedly, allowing lower courts to determine that a Supreme Court precedent is no longer

AND

of appeals or state supreme court refused to apply a Supreme Court precedent.

No solvency: delay

Klein 84 (Mitchell S. G., MA and Ph.D in Political Science – Northwestern University, Law, Courts, and Policy, p. 117-118)

The aphorism “Justice delayed is justice denied” finds support from nay court analysts

AND

also produces an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court.

Doesn’t solve China – case will be decide by summer 2013

RTT News, 2012

(“WTO To Examine China's Restrictions On Rare Earth Export”, July 24, p.Lexis)

The World Trade Organization has constituted a panel to look into China's export restrictions on

AND

appeal body ruled as unfair China's limits on metal exports including rare earth.

Delays mean the counterplan can’t solve for Japan

LeVine, contributing editor at Foreign Policy, 2012

(Steve, “A sign that China is headed for an ever-so-slightly tidier future”, The Oil and the Glory, March 29, p. http://oilandglory.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/03/29/a_sign_that_china_is_headed_for_an_ever_so_slightly_tidier_future)

Eight U.S. producers have applied for LNG export rights, and one

AND

Pacific demand by 2022 -- "it would be doing very well indeed."

Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable - they are made on a case by case basis and leave many questions unanswered

Neese 5 (Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, “THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH”, 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, lexis)

These two leading Colorado Supreme Court decisions, Bowen/Edwards and Voss, were

AND

a number of unanswered questions that will likely lead to future legal battles.

Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – the CP destroys legitimacy

Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001

(Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis)

Any activity that affects the international market of supply and demand for finance, goods

AND

if it usurps the functional powers given solely to the other two branches.

Undermining legitimacy takes out solvency

Bentley, 2007 (Curt, Constrained by the liberal tradition, Brigham Young University Law Review, p. lexis)

This institutional limitation theory focuses primarily on the constraints imposed on the Court because of

AND

decrees and where it nonetheless doggedly pursues the counter-majoritarian course. n122

Allowing states to regulate foreign commerce destroys democracy

Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001

The prohibitions against discrimination on entry of goods to the United States, and against

AND

the Supremacy Clause of Article VI as established in McCulloch v. Maryland.

Democracy is key to preventing global nuclear war

Muravchik, 2001, Democracy and Nuclear Peace, American Enterprise Institute, Joshua, p. http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf

The greatest impetus for world peace -- and perforce of nuclear peace -- is the

AND

as close as anything we have to an empirical law in international relations."

11/10/2012

2AC - AT: Fiscal Cliff

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

1) History of US recessions prove economic decline does not lead to war, the reverse is true

Blackwill, Henry A. Kissinger senior fellow for U.S. foreign policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, deputy assistant to the president and deputy national security adviser for strategic planning, July 30, 2009 RAND Corporation - Robert D., “The Geopolitical Consequences of the World Economic Recession—A Caution,” Occasional Paper, http://www.rand.org/pubs/occasional_papers/OP275.html SM

Reinforcing the importance of the subject at hand, ¶ the great British historian John

AND

¶ policy by the Federal Reserve, a U.S. recession.

2) No impact to fiscal cliff – economic and military impacts will be gradual and minimal

Lillis 9/12/12, The Hill, "House Democrats pushing hard from the left on budget as 'fiscal cliff' nears," Mike, p. http:~/~/thehill.com/homenews/campaign/249135-com/homenews/campaign/249135-house-dems-pushing-hard-from-the-left-as-fiscal-cliff-nears

Complicating the debate, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) warned that a failure

AND

for a couple of years," Korb told members of the CPC Wednesday.

3) Zero risk of compromise—higher taxes a deal killer

Shell, 11-7-12, USA Today, Adam p. http:~/~/www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2012/11/07/wall-street-election-react/1687277/http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/markets/2012/11/07/wall-street-election-react/1687277/

The biggest fear is Washington's potential inability to compromise in a lame-duck session

AND

including Yardeni, believe that Obama's win will result in more turbulent negotiations.

4) Boehner rules out higher taxes

Norington, 11-9-12, The Australian, Boehner offers to give on fiscal cliff, Washington correspondent; Brad, pfactiva

Mr Boehner yesterday said he was ``willing to accept some additional revenues'', which

AND

insist that spending cuts must come from government programs, not tax increases.

5) No link--Executive agency rulemaking shields the link—Obama will back away from domestic political defenses of the plan if Congress presses him

Herz ’12 – professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy

(Michael E., “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012,

Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know remarkably

AND

teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.)

US will just export natural gas to Canada and Mexico who will then export it – which is all of the risk with none of the benefits

Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012

(Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf)

Making U.S. curbs on LNG exports effective would also require actions that

AND

benefits (direct profits from trade as well as leverage in trade negotiations).

6) Turn—compromise key to agenda

a) plan is a compromise to GOP

Client Alert, September 30, 2012 Latham and Watkins operates worldwide as a limited liability partnership organized under the laws of the State of Delaware (USA), Number 1406 SM

There has been political criticism of the delay in the processing of pending ¶ applications

AND

renewed urgency in ¶ completing the macroeconomic study at DOE.”6 ¶

b) Compromises is key to passing Obama’s agenda

Akerman, 11-9-12, Daily Telegraph, Piers, pfactiva

The Obama campaign showed itself to be superior in both its mining and the use

AND

Congress is no less divided or deadlocked than it was a week ago.

7) Cybersecurity debate will alienate the GOP and drain Obama’s political capital

Schwartz, 11-9-12, International Herald Tribune, Outlook for Obama 2nd term: Yet more gridlock; President has to face split Congress to carry out his business policies, Neslon, pfactiva

Obama is also expected to resume his push to enact cybersecurity legislation to protect the

AND

former cybersecurity adviser, Howard A. Schmidt, said in an interview.

8) Not unique—New EPA regulations announced during lame-duck

National Journal, 11-6-12, A Full Plate Awaits Congress In Lame Duck, p. http://nationaljournal.com/member/daily/a-full-plate-awaits-congress-in-lame-duck-20121106?page=2

In the next two months, the Environmental Protection Agency will likely move forward with

AND

legal agreement with environmental groups to issue this standard by Dec. 14.

Not unique—New EPA regulations alienate the GOP

Clark, 10-12-12,The Real Republican Agenda Exposed, Oped News; Richard, p. http://somalilandsun.com/index.php/world/1619-the-real-republican-agenda-exposed

In thrall to dirty-energy interests, House Republicans have held more than 300

AND

also the new limits on Wall Street recklessness required under Dodd-Frank.

9) Obama lacks political capital to gain compromise with GOP

Washington Times, 11-8-12, Obama: A lame-duck president, p. http://times247.com/times-opinion/editorial-obama-a-lame-duck-president?utm_source=twitterfeedandutm_medium=twitter

The looming fiscal cliff will be Mr. Obama’s first post-election test.

AND

. Obama a lame duck simply affirms what has been true all along.

US hegemony is resilient to economic decline – no turns case args

First, the United States, ﬁ ve years from today. Did ¶ the

AND

least because China and ¶ India have adopted their own versions of it.

11/10/2012

2AC - CP - Lower Courts

Tournament: Wake | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:

CPs are illegitimate and a voting issue – they take away from topic specific education, no solvency evidence makes them unpredictable and not rational decision maker can decide between the agents

CP Doesn’t solve:

A. There is no case – they do not fiat that any company brings a case nor do they read evidence that a case will be brought up – this guts solvency and ensures the CP links to politics – they make a random ruling with no standing

B. They have no evidence the DOE would follow the case – there is not a single solvency advocate for the CP – that is a voting issue for fairness and education – no advocate means the CP is unpredictable and not a real world consideration for policymakers.

CP Links to Politics:

A. Obama would get the blame for allowing natural gas exports

B. Double bind – either the CP links to politics or it doesn’t solve the case – if the WTO doesn’t know about it, it won’t change their decision and it prevents companies from investing in the US

Perm – do both – shields the link to politics

Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2)

Counterplan makes the law unclear – prevents solvency

Ashutosh Bhagwat, Professor of Law, University of California, Boston University Law Review, 80 B.U.L. Rev. 967, October, 2000, p.Lexis

More significantly, greater lower court freedom would weaken the "settlement function" of

AND

court experimentation thus should not be overstated. But some costs are inevitable.

LNG buyers are avoiding US LNG due to the uncertain political situation

Brooks, member of the National Association of Petroleum Investment Analysts, 2012

In May of last year, the Energy Department approved plans for the construction of

AND

have never proven as capable of operating energy markets as free markets have.

Uncertainty is the main obstacle to LNG exports

Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012

(D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities)

At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S

AND

away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects.

Congress’s authority to regulate foreign commerce is preeminent

Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012

(Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf)

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution authorizes Congress to “regulate Commerce with

AND

by a legislative body, rather than an executive or judicial one.42

And, Congress EXPLICITLY gave DOE control to regulate natural gas exports in the Natural Gas Act

Department of Energy, 2012

(“Natural Gas Import and Export Regulation Frequently Asked Questions”, April 3, p. http://www.fossil.energy.gov/programs/gasregulation/authorizations/Questions.html)

WHY GET AN AUTHORIZATION TO IMPORT OR EXPORT NATURAL GAS? Section 3 of the

AND

anyone who wants to market, trade, or use foreign natural gas.

Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause Congressional rollback

Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme

AND

factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions

Supreme Court would strike down the CP – Congress has all the power

Vann et al., Legislative Attorneys at the Congressional Research Service, 2012

(Adam, “Proposed Keystone XL Pipeline: Legal Issues”, CRS Report for Congress, January 23, p. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42124.pdf)

The Supreme Court’s pronouncements on the foreign commerce clause recognize the expansive scope of this

AND

an act of Congress as exceeding its powers to regulate foreign commerce.”83

The Court would take up the case and strike it down

Hugh Baxter, Professor of Law and Philosophy at Boston University, UCLA Law Review,

46 UCLA L. Rev. 343, December, 1998, p.Lexis

Admittedly, allowing lower courts to determine that a Supreme Court precedent is no longer

AND

of appeals or state supreme court refused to apply a Supreme Court precedent.

No solvency: delay

Klein 84 (Mitchell S. G., MA and Ph.D in Political Science – Northwestern University, Law, Courts, and Policy, p. 117-118)

The aphorism “Justice delayed is justice denied” finds support from nay court analysts

AND

also produces an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court.

Doesn’t solve China – case will be decide by summer 2013

RTT News, 2012

(“WTO To Examine China's Restrictions On Rare Earth Export”, July 24, p.Lexis)

The …..

Delays mean the counterplan can’t solve for Japan

LeVine, contributing editor at Foreign Policy, 2012

Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable - they are made on a case by case basis and leave many questions unanswered

Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – the CP destroys legitimacy

Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001

Any activity that affects to the other two branches.

Undermining legitimacy takes out solvency

Bentley, 2007 (Curt, Constrained by the liberal tradition, Brigham Young University Law Review, p. lexis)

This …course. n122

Allowing states to regulate foreign commerce destroys democracy

Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001

The …. v. Maryland.

Democracy is key to preventing global nuclear war

Muravchik, 2001, Democracy and Nuclear Peace, American Enterprise Institute, Joshua, p. http://www.npec-web.org/Syllabus/Muravchik.pdf

The … international relations."

11/10/2012

2AC - AT: Inherency

11/10/2012

2AC- AT: Hegemony Bad

11/10/2012

2AC- Lopez

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: | Judge:
Perm – do both
Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2)
Thursday’s decision… The devil made me do it.’ ”

Congress has exclusive authority over foreign commerce – devolution destroys legitimacy
Casebeer, Professor of Law at the University of Miami, 2001
(Kenneth M., “The Power to Regulate "Commerce with Foreign Nations" in a Global Economy and the Future of American Democracy: An Essay”, University of Miami Law Review, 56 U. Miami L. Rev. 25, October, p. Lexis)
Any activity… solely to the other two branches.

Means Congress will ignore it
Pacelle, poli sci prof and legal studies coordinator at the univ of Missouri at St. Louis, 2002
Richard, The Role of the Supreme Court in American Politics: The Least Dangerous Branch?, p81
Even if the Supreme… is its institutional legitimacy.

Court rulings on energy policy link to elections
Sunstein, Fall 2006 (Cass – Distinguished Service Professor in the Law School and Department of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Timing Controversial Decisions, Hofstra Law Review, 35 Hofstra L. Rev. 1, p. Lexis)
In any election, voters… why should courts refuse to delay?

Lack of a unified voice means they don’t solve the China advantage
Wisconsin Law Review, 2009
(“A Match Made in Heaven or a Pair of Star-Crossed Lovers? Assessing Dormant-Foreign-Commerce-Clause Limitations on the Wisconsin-China Relationship, 2009 Wis. L. Rev. 733, p. Lexis)
To an extent, a unified… high economic and political costs.

And the counterplan jeopardizes our relations with Japan
Schaefer, Director of International Economic Affairs Office at the National Security Council, 2011
(Matthew, “Constraints on State-Level Foreign Policy: (Re) Justifying, Refining and Distinguishing the Dormant Foreign Affairs Doctrine”, Seton Hall Law Review, 41 Seton Hall L. Rev. 201, p. Lexis)
The most readily apparent… interests of the nation as a whole.

Countries do not model US federalism
Alfred Stepan, Wallace S. Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University, Federalism and Territorial Cleavages, edited by Ugo M. Amoretti and Nancy Bermo, 2004, p.443
One of the most influential… three paints in turn.

11/10/2012

2AC- Pan K

01/05/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Energy Poverty Advantage

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Natural gas exports will the front and center policy debate over energy in 2013
Dow Jones News Service, January 3, 2013
(“WSJ BLOG/Canada Real Time: Top U.S. Energy Forecaster Sees Energy Export Debate in 2013”, p. Factiva)
“As the new year begins,” and “raise policy issues."”

Obama will only allow a very small amount of exports, if any, and delays mean the US will miss out on their opportunity to export
Business Monitor Online, January 1, 2013
(“Report Endorses LNG Exports, But Politics Remain Unsettled”, p. Lexis)
“While the report spoke” and “pressure on prices.”

Billions of people do not have access to electricity but energy poverty is one of the least discussed aspects of US energy policy
Relich, Programming Fellow at Soleil Global, 2011
(Natalie, “Solving the Energy Poverty Problem”, The Energy Collective, February 28, p. http://theenergycollective.com/breakthroughinstitut/52649/solving-energy-poverty-problem)
“In the age of iPhones,” and “to remedy them.”

Energy poverty causes 4,000 people to die per day while harming health and educational opportunities
Majerowicz and Moss, Research Assistant and Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development, 2013
(Stephanie and Todd, “The Second Obama Administration Should Close Africa's Energy Poverty Gap” in Foresight Africa: Top Priorities for the Continent in 2013, January, p. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/reports/2013/01/foresight%20africa/foresight_moss_2013.pdf)
“It’s 2013 and nearly” and “every African government.”

Despite good intentions, renewable energy will fail to produce enough electricity to help the 20% of the world who are energy impoverished – the US needs to set the precedent of providing access to energy through natural gas exports
Banks, Managing Director of Vanguard Political, 2012
(David, “U.S. Fossil-Fuel Boom Key to Global Prosperity”, National Journal, November 26, p. http://energy.nationaljournal.com/2012/11/what-does-americas-energy-boom.php?comments=expandall#comments)
“With roughly 20 percent of” and “between now and 2050.”

Natural gas is critical to bridge the energy poverty gap
Moss, vice president for programs and senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, 2012
(Todd, “Let Them Eat Solar Panels: The Hypocrisy of Western Greens on Energy Poverty”, The Breakthrough Institute, December 17, p. http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/let-them-eat-solar-panels/)
“Even if global carbon emissions” and “two-thirds of their power.”

In addition, oil-linked pricing of natural gas artificially keeps LNG prices higher – this causes countries to sell their gas on the global market rather than use it locally in gas turbines – only a decrease in price will reverse this trend
Lynch, president and director of global petroleum service at Strategic Energy and Economic Research, 2012
(Michael, “Natural Gas Could Be the Cheap Power of the Future”, U.S. News and World Report, July 19, p. http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/on-energy/2012/07/19/natural-gas-could-be-the-cheap-power-of-the-future)
“In my last column,” and “source of cheap power.”

US LNG exports are critical to breaking the oil index pricing of natural gas and lower prices
Hulbert, Lead Analyst at the European Energy Review, 2012
(Matthew, “Why American Natural Gas Will Change The World”, Forbes, May 26, p. http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewhulbert/2012/05/26/why-american-natural-gas-will-change-the-world/print/)
“‘It was the best of” and “convergence play out.”

The systemic violence of poverty is an ongoing genocide that kills more people than nuclear war
James Gilligan, Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, 2000, Violence: Reflections on Our Deadliest Epidemic, p. 195-196
“The 14 to 18 million deaths” and “throughout the world.”

The affirmative is an instance of public deliberation that directly leads to more informed trade policy and prevents violent through ideology
Sungjoon Cho, Assistant Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology, Doha's Development, 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165, 2007, LN
“In this regard,” and “ Second World War.”

This is especially true on the debate about natural gas exports
Green, American Petroleum Institute, December 18, 2012
(Mark, “Exporting U.S. Natural Gas a Win for America”, Energy Tomorrow, p. http://energytomorrow.org/blog/exporting-us-natural-gas-a-win-for-america/#/type/all)
“Obviously, the public policy” and “buried in the ground.”

Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics
Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, 1992
(Carol J., “Democratizing Technology: Citizen and State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990” Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)
“During this phase, the citizen” and “technological society.61”

01/07/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage

01/07/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Japan Economy Advantage

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Japan Economy:

Japan’s economy is faltering– the new political leadership needs an effective roadmap for economic reform
Schoff, Senior Associate of the Asia Program, December 18, 2012 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace – James L. “Back to the Future in Japan,” http://www.carnegieendowment.org/2012/12/18/back-to-future-in-japan/ev1x SM
“The LDP has another” and “more open trade.”

Absent sufficient domestic energy production, Japan will enter a phase of deindustrialization – LNG exports are key to offset the decline of Japan’s manufacturing base
Clemons, editor for the Atlantic, March 30, 2012 The Atlantic – Steve, “Japan Heading for Energy Death Spiral?” SM
“Tanaka's argument is “ and “thus far showing Japan.”

Specifically, US LNG exports are critical to Japan’s economy: low price and flexibility
Inside F.E.R.C., 2012
(“New LNG export study could help resolve energy supply issues, says Japanese official”, December 17, p. Factiva)
“Japan, by far the” and “pipelines, he said.”

Japan’s manufacturing base is key sustain Japanese economic competitiveness
Puckett and Corwin, U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, 2009 Jane and Rebecca, Japan’s Manufacturing ¶ Competitiveness Strategy: ¶ Challenges for Japan, Opportunities ¶ for the United States, Published April 2009 by the U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration SM
“Japan’s comparative advantage” and “supplier relationships.”

Japan is key to the global economy – critical to broader East Asian growth and stability
Auslin, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, February 17, 2009 Michael Wall Street Journal, “Japan’s Downturn Is Bad News for the World,” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123483257056995903.html SM
“Recently, many economists” and “the U.S. economy.”

Global economic decline causes wars leading to extinction
Kemp, 2010, The East Moves West: India, China, and Asia’s Growing Presence in the Middle East, Director of Regional Strategic Programs at The Nixon Center, served in the White House under Ronald Reagan, special assistant to the president for national security affairs and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs on the National Security Council Staff, Former Director, Middle East Arms Control Project at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Geoffrey, p. 233-4
“The second scenario,” and “the planet’s population.”

01/07/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Putinism Advantage

02/23/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Turkey Advantage

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Turkey is dependent on Iranian imports but sanctions on Iranian natural gas threaten their access – new supplies are needed
Senate Minority Staff Report, December 2012
(“Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Prepared for the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, December 12, p. http://www.foreign.senate.gov/publications/download/energy-and-security-from-the-caspian-to-europe)
“Turkey imports the remaining” and “Turkey have atrophied.”

Specifically, US sanctions are pressuring Turkey over buying Iranian natural gas – this hurts US-Turkey relations
Financial Times, 2012
(“Turkey-Iran: gold for gas US scrutiny”, November 28, p. http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/11/28/turkey-iran-gold-for-gas-gets-us-scrutiny/#axzz2JV7UWenO)
“More pressure is coming” and “produces nuclear weapons.””

Turkey rebuffs sanctions against Iran due to its natural gas needs – this hurts US-Turkish relations
Aliriza et al., Director and Senior Associate of the Turkey Project at CSIS, 2012
(Bulent, “U.S.-Turkish Relations: A Review at the Beginning of the Third Decade of the Post-Cold War Era”, November 13, p. http://csis.org/files/publication/121107_Aliriza_USTurkishRelations_Web.pdf)
“Turkey’s effort to maintain” and “sanctions at the UN Security Council.”

Asking Turkey to abide by Iranian sanctions on natural gas without exporting to them creates tensions – exports solve
Brown, Senior Staff Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Staff, December 19, 2012
(Neil, “Energy and Security from the Caspian to Europe”, Atlantic Council Event, December 19, p. http://www.acus.org/event/energy-and-security-caspian-europe/transcript)
“Coincidentally, that study” and “domestic gas to you.”

US-Turkey relations are key to Afghan stability
Aliriza and Aras, 2012, U.S.-Turkish Relations: a review at the beginning of the third decade of the post–cold war era, November, CSIS; Center for Strategic Research; Bulent, Bulent, p. 16
“U.S.-Turkish cooperation” and “security and reconstruction.”

Afghanistan instability will destabilize Pakistan—risking nuclear war with India
Cronin, 2013, Washington Quarterly, Thinking Long on Afghanistan: Could it be Neutralized? Winter, Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University; Audrey Kurth, p. 66
Afghanistan would severely undermine Pakistan’s government if it again became a safe haven for the “ISI’s Islamist project.” And “India over Kashmir.”

Afghan instability risks intervention by outside powers leading to nuclear war
Cronin, 2013, Washington Quarterly, Thinking Long on Afghanistan: Could it be Neutralized? Winter, Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University; Audrey Kurth, p. 70
“With ISAF withdrawal” and “terrorism but nuclear war.”

Indo-Pakistan nuclear war causes global extinction
Robock and Toon, 2010, Scientific American, January, Rutgers and Colorado professors of climatology and atmospheric sciences; Alan, Owen Brian, p. http://climate.envsci.rutgers.edu/pdf/RobockToonSciAmJan2010.pdf
“Because as other nations” and “regional nuclear powers.”

02/23/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage - Districts

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
US restrictions or limits on LNG exports definitely violate the WTO – all exemptions are warrantless and the WTO won’t buy them
Inside U.S. Trade, 2013
(“LNG EXPORT RESTRICTIONS COULD BE DIFFICULT TO DEFEND UNDER WTO RULES”, Vol. 31, No. 5, February 1, p. Factiva)
“Although U.S. environmental groups,” and “rare earths, Hufbauer said.”

Limiting or restricting exports would set the precedent for resource nationalism – countries will cut off key natural resources that destroys manufacturing
Dempsey, vice president of international economic affairs at the National Association of Manufacturers, 2013
(Linda, “Banning LNG Exports Will Hurt Jobs and Economy”, Shopfloor, January 15, p. http://www.shopfloor.org/2013/01/banning-lng-exports-will-hurt-jobs-and-economy/27328)
“The National Association of Manufacturers” and “for any commodity.”

Manufacturing strength is key to economy
Ettlinger and Gordon 11, "The Importance and Promise of American Manufacturing", Vice President for Economic Policy at the Center for American Progress, former director of the Economic Analysis and Research Network of the Economic Policy Institute and Vice President for Energy Policy at the Center for American Progress; Michael; Kate, http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2011/04/pdf/manufacturing.pdf-
“Manufacturing is critically important” and “embargoes to natural disasters.”

Economic decline risks extinction
Auslin and Lachman, 2009, The Global Economy Unravels, Forbes, Resident Scholar – American Enterprise Institute; Resident Fellow – American Enterprise Institute, Michael; Desmond, March 6, p. http://www.aei.org/article/100187
“What do these trends mean” and “into a big bang.”

The best statistical support proves economic decline causes war
Royal 10 – Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, “Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises,” in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-215
“Less intuitive is how” and “ancillary to those views.

This resource nationalism will lead to global nuclear war
Panzer, 2007, Financial Armageddon: Protecting Your Future from Four Impending Catastrophes, New York Institute of Finance faculty member and employee for JP Morgan, Soros Funds, Dresdner Bank; Michael, p. 136-138
“Continuing calls for curbs” and “of a new world war.”

In addition, restricting or limiting LNG exports would damage US trade leadership
Reuters, 2013
(“US ban on LNG exports would violate WTO rules – experts”, January 31, p. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/31/usa-trade-lng-idUSL1N0AZMTU20130131)
“A U.S. government decision to” and “variety of high-technology products.”

US trade leadership is key to prevent great power wars
Panitchpakdi 4 (DG Supachai, Former Director-General – World Trade Organization, “American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?”, National Press Club, 2-26, http://www.wto.org/french/ news_f/spsp_f/spsp22_f.htm)
“I can sum up my message today” and “So does America.”

02/23/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Flaring Advantage

03/26/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: China WTO Advantage

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
The US has challenged China’s restrictions on rare earth elements at the WTO but restricting LNG exports will prevent the US from winning the case
Levi, Senior Fellow for Energy and the Environment at CFR, 2012
(Michael, “A Strategy for U.S. Natural Gas Exports”, June, p. http://www.hamiltonproject.org/files/downloads_and_links/06_exports_levi.pdf)
“Conversely, if the United States” and “of rare earth metals.”

A loss or a draw in the WTO would severely hurt US access to heavy rare earth elements
Green, founder of the Strategic Material Advisory Council and an adjunct scholar with the National Center for Policy Analysis, 2012
(Jeffery A., “The Defense Implications of Rare Earth Shortages”, The National Center for Policy Analysis, August 2, p. http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ib112)
“On the other hand, if China wins” and “unique heavy rare earths.”

Even though other production is inevitable and the WTO case takes a while, a win is crucial for access to heavy rare earths which China will dominate for years
Inside US-China Trade, 2012
(“Obama, Congress Urged To Go Beyond Trade Case To Secure Critical Inputs”, 12.3, January 18, p. http://www.cascadiacapital.com/PDF/Inside_US_China_trade.pdf)
“The highly imbalanced nature of the” and “taxes and quotas,” he said.”

The US is reliant on China for heavy rare earths which are critical to advanced military technologies
Green, founder of the Strategic Material Advisory Council and an adjunct scholar with the National Center for Policy Analysis, 2012
(Jeffery A., “The Defense Implications of Rare Earth Shortages”, The National Center for Policy Analysis, August 2, p. http://www.ncpa.org/pub/ib112)
“Furthermore, a range of highly advanced” and “but limited solution.”

And the quota allows China to stockpile REEs to build up their military and share those advances while the US is sitting on the sidelines
Bruno, Senior Editor at Pro-edge Consultants, 2012
(Alessandro, “Dependency on Foreign Rare Earths Leaves US Military Defenseless”, REE World Report, August 20, p. http://proedgewire.com/rare-earth-intel/dependency-on-foreign-rare-earths-leaves-us-military-defenseless/)
“The trade in rare earths has” and “reached the end of the line.”

US military superiority prevents great power war
Kagan, 2012, The World America Made, Brookings Institution, Robert, p. 90-91
“One of the main causes of war” and “great-power war more likely again.”

Decline of US hegemony risks great power wars
Zhang and Shi, 2011, East Asia Forum, America’s decline: A harbinger of conflict and rivalry, January 22, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace,Yuhan; Columbia University, Lin, p. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2011/01/22/americas-decline-a-harbinger-of-conflict-and-rivalry/ (accessed: 9-6-2011)
“Over the past two decades,” and “unrivalled US primacy.”

03/26/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Japan Relations Advantage

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
Increasing global energy demand makes energy security the central question for the future state of the US-Japan alliance – a consensus is needed on bilateral energy strategy
Cronin et al., Senior Advisor @ CNAS, April 2012 Center for New American Security, Patrick, Paul Fiarra, and Zachary Hosford, “The China Challenge: Military, Economic and Energy Choices Facing the US-Japan Alliance,” accessed 9/17/12 SM
“Although energy security” and “to be a viable alternative.”

Allowing LNG exports to Japan is critical to revitalize the alliance through bilateral trade and relations
Armitage and Nye, president of Armitage International and dean emeritus of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, August 15, 2012
(Richard and Joseph Jr., “The U.S.-Japan Alliance anchoring stability in asia”, CSIS, p. http://csis.org/publication/us-japan-alliance-1)
“Recent positive developments in” and “customers for U.S. natural gas.”

Japan’s energy needs are forcing the country to increase ties with other countries which hamstrings Japan’s ability to be an effective ally
Mazza and Schmidt, American Enterprise Institute, 2012
(Michael and Gary, “Turn Gas Into Geostrategy; Japan is eager to buy Alaskan LNG. The decision ought to be a no brainer.”, The Wall Street Journal, June 10, p. Factiva)
“After the Fukushima disaster,” and “this fortuitous development.”

Allowing US natural gas exports is a critical symbolic gesture to maintain US-Japanese relations and give Japan more leverage in Energy trade
Saunders, Executive Director of the Center for the National Interest, 2012
(Paul J., “Leaving Tokyo in the Dark”, The National Interest, August 7, p. http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/leaving-tokyo-the-dark-7299?page=show)
“Darting from one air-conditioned” and “one of its most pressing problems.”

US ambivalence towards Japan’s alliance needs decreases their participation in the East Asian security architecture – ensures Chinese aggression
Kapila, PhD., International Relations and Strategic Affairs analyst, 2010 Subhas, “Japan’s Political Instability and Its Strategic Impact,” pg online @ http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers39/paper3848.html SM
“More seriously, Japanese insecurities” and “discomfiture of the United States.”

US Japan alliance key to prevent war over Taiwan—it's the key deterrent
Xinbo, professor at the Center for American Studies and associate dean of the School of International Relations and Public Affairs at Fudan University in Shanghai, 2005 Project Muse – Wu, “The End of the Silver Lining: A Chinese View of the U.S.-Japanese Alliance,” Washington Quarterly, 29.1, 119-130, accessed 9/18/12 SM
“To Washington and Tokyo,” and “active and capable Japan.”

And, full scale U.S.-China war over Taiwan escalates and goes nuclear—core interests outweigh all other concerns
Bush, Director, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies, Senior Fellow, Brookings, and O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Brookings, 2007 Richard, and Michael E., A WAR LIKE NO OTHER: THE THRUTH ABOUT CHINA’S CHALLENGE TO AMERICA, John Wiley and Sons, pp.99-101 RG
“War between China and Taiwan” and “China-Taiwan war.”

Asia conflict goes nuclear – miscalc and US interests prove
Landy, National Security Expert @ Knight Ridder, 3/10/’2k
(Jonathan, Knight Ridder, lexis)
“Few if any experts think China” and “to the Commerce Department.”

The mere existence of the alliance isn’t enough – a structurally weak alliance encourages Chinese aggression and decimates the efficacy of the alliance
Finnegan, Senior Research Associate @ the National Bureau of East Asian Research, November 2009 National Bureau of East Asian Research – Michael, “Managing Unmet Expectations in the US-Japan Alliance,” NBR Special Report #17, accessed on 9/18/12 SM
“Although the two partners” and “new bargain on Japanese security.”

South China Sea is likely to become a Lake Beijing given China’s coercive maritime approach – deterrence through the alliance is key
Abe, prime minister of Japan election, January 1, 2013 Shinzo, “Asia’s sea fearing Democracies,” http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2964750 SM
“Yet, increasingly, the South” and “rest on them as well.”

South China Sea conflict goes nuclear
Wittner, Emeritus Professor of History at the State University of New York/Albany, author of over 250 published articles and book reviews. From 1984 to 1987, he edited Peace and Change, a journal of peace research, 2011 Lawrence S. Wittner 11/28/2011, "Is a Nuclear War With China Possible?", www.huntingtonnews.net/14446)
“While nuclear weapons exist,” and “encourage these policies.”

03/29/2013

1AC - Natural Gas: Trade Advantage - NDT

03/29/2013

1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage Solvency - NDT

03/29/2013

1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage: Balkans Scenario - NDT

03/29/2013

1AC - Natural Gas - Russia Advantage: Ukraine Scenario - NDT

03/30/2013

NDT Rnd 3 1AC

03/30/2013

NDT Rnd 3 AT: Topicality

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Stanford | Judge:
T

Counter-interpretation – financial incentives for energy include expanding a market for producers but excludes support programs like RandD and mandates like purchasing agreements and RPS
Energy Information Administration, 2001
(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)
Over the years, incentives and mandates for renewable energy have been used to advance
AND
regulatory mandates generally require no expenditures or loss of revenue by the Government.

Natural gas exports are a substantial financial incentive for production
Matthews, resident scholar at the Institute for Policy Innovation, December 27, 2012
(Merrill, “Merrill Matthews: Don't ban natural-gas exports”, Providence Journal, p. http://blogs.providencejournal.com/ri-talks/this-new-england/2012/12/merrill-matthews-dont-ban-natural-gas-exports.html)
But their concerns, while understandable, are overblown. Allowing natural-gas exports
AND
. This expansion would increase supply and put downward pressure on domestic prices.

LNG exports are for the purpose to increase production
Means, former assistant to Vice President Nelson Rockefeller, 2013
(Grady, “Obama needs to prove he's serious about energy independence; Natural gas is key to America's future”, Washington Times, January 3, p. Lexis)
Another important part of the puzzle is to encourage exploration and production to increase supply
AND
and would offset the political leverage in Western Europe exerted by Russia's Gazprom.

Allowing exports is directly an incentive for producers
Murkowski, US Senator from Alaska, 2011
(Lisa, “Liquefied Natural Gas”, Senate Hearing before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, November 8, p. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-112shrg72461/html/CHRG-112shrg72461.htm)
Now I happen to have some experience on the issue of LNG export¶ in
AND
the first place. That’s why the¶ technology has arrived here today.

For indicates purpose and the recipient of an activity
Merriam-Webster 2011, p. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/for
For 1a —used as a function word to indicate purpose a grant for
AND
run for your life an eye for a bargain

Financial incentives according to the government include indirect actions – they are defining subsidies, not incentives
Energy Information Administration, 2001
(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy -- Renewable Energy 2000: Issues and Trends, Report prepared by the US Energy Information Administration, “Incentives, Mandates, and Government Programs for Promoting Renewable Energy”, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/ftproot/renewables/06282000.pdf)
The term “incentive” is used instead of “subsidy.”
AND
granted by the Government to firms and individuals.

Energy production is energy specific – government definitions
Energy Information Agency, no date
(“Glossary”, E, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=e)
Energy production: See production terms associated with specific energy types.

In terms of natural gas that is extraction
Energy Information Agency, no date
(“Glossary”, P, p. http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/index.cfm?id=P)
Production, natural gas: The volume of natural gas withdrawn from reservoirs less (1) the volume returned to such reservoirs in cycling, repressuring of oil reservoirs, and conservation operations; less (2) shrinkage resulting from the removal of lease condensate; and less (3) nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Volumes of gas withdrawn from gas storage reservoirs and native gas, which has been transferred to the storage category, are not considered production. Flared and vented gas is also considered production. (This differs from "Marketed Production" which excludes flared and vented gas.)

No abuse – Links are based off of increased production not incentives – there is assurance someone will read an incentive aff – THE government study on gas exports proves we increase production
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), 2012
(EIA is the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy, “Effect of Increased Natural Gas Exports on Domestic Energy Markets”, January, p. www.eia.gov/analysis/requests/fe/pdf/fe_lng.pdf)
Summary of Results Increased natural gas exports lead to higher domestic natural gas prices,
AND
, about three-quarters of this increased production is from shale sources.

03/30/2013

NDT Rnd 3 AT: Security K

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Stanford | Judge:
Security K

Perm do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alt – the state coopts the alt
McCormack 10 (Tara, is Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester and has a PhD in International Relations from the University of Westminster. 2010, (Critique, Security and Power: The political limits to emancipatory approaches, page 59-61)

In chapter 7 I engaged with the human security framework and some of the problematic
AND
Values must be joined with engagement with the material circumstances of the time.

Prior questions fail and paralyze politics
Owen 2 (David Owen, Reader of Political Theory at the Univ. of Southampton, Millennium Vol 31 No 3 2002 p. 655-7)

Commenting on the ‘philosophical turn’ in IR, Wæver remarks that ‘a
AND
the first and second dangers, and so a potentially vicious circle arises.

Resource nationalism, like not allowing natural gas exports, is the epitome of energy security
Hillyard et al., Director of the Corner House, 2012
(Nicholas, “Energy Security For What? For Whom?”, The Corner House, February, p. http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/sites/thecornerhouse.org.uk/files/Energy%20Security%20For%20Whom%20For%20What.pdf)
Whilst numerous communities continue to explore ways of living that embody the notion of “
AND
to ensure that the European Union has access to the energy it needs.

Threats real and not constructed—rational risk assessment goes aff
Knudsen 1– PoliSci Professor at Sodertorn (Olav, Post-Copenhagen Security Studies, Security Dialogue 32:3)

Moreover, I have a problem with the underlying implication that it is unimportant whether
AND
instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them.

Images of catastrophe cause an empathic shift---this is crucial in policy debate
Recuber 11 Timothy Recuber is a doctoral candidate in sociology at the Graduate Center of the City. University of New York. He has taught at Hunter College in Manhattan "CONSUMING CATASTROPHE: AUTHENTICITY AND EMOTION IN MASS-MEDIATED DISASTER" gradworks.umi.com/3477831.pdf

Perhaps, then, what distant consumers express when they sit glued to the television
AND
we must advocate on a daily basis, not only when disaster strikes.

03/30/2013

NDT Rnd 3 AT: Courts CP

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Stanford | Judge:
Courts CP

Perm – do both
Perine 8 (Katherine, Staff – CQ Politics, “Congress Unlikely to Try to Counter Supreme Court Detainee Ruling”, 6-12, http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-000002896528andcpage=2)
Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further
AND
decision and say, ‘The devil made me do it.’ ”

Doesn’t solve – The Supreme Court doesn’t have jurisdiction, no test case takes out solvency, and FERC would block the case from reaching the court
Natural Gas Act, no date
(Natural Gas Act, with amendments included made by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, http://www.mde.state.md.us/programs/ResearchCenter/FactSheets/Documents/www.mde.state.md.us/assets/document/Natural%20Gas%20Act%20as%20Amended_1.pdf)
Any party to a proceeding under this chapter aggrieved by an order issued by the
AND
States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of Title 28.

Violating the Natural Gas Act will cause rollback
Brickman 7, Danette, “Congressional Reaction to U.S. Supreme Court Decision: Understanding the Introduction of Legislation to Override”, Southern political science association, jan 3, 2007, http://www.allacademic.com/ meta/p143265_index.html
Congress’s policy-making realm is sometimes challenged by the U.S. Supreme
AND
factors increase the probability that Congress will introduce legislation to overturn Supreme Court decisions

Courts can only get involved AFTER the rehearing process – there will be massive delays – prefer this evidence – it’s the newest and from the DOE
Smith, Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy at the DOE, March 19, 2013
(Christopher, “The Department of Energy’s Program Regulating Liquefied Natural Gas Export Applications”, Testimony Before the Oversight and Government Reform Committee Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Health Care, and Entitlements United States House of Representatives, p. http://oversight.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Smith-Testimony-3-19-LNG-COMPLETE.pdf)
DOE’s review of applications to export LNG to non-free trade agreement countries is
AND
. Court review is available as well after the rehearing process is exhausted.
an unhealthy emphasis on the desirability of settling out of court.

Court natural gas decisions are unpredictable
Neese 5 (Angela – Candidate for Juris Doctor, University of Colorado School of Law, 2005; B.S.B.A., University of Denver, “THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE COLORADO OIL AND GAS CONSERVATION COMMISSION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS: A CALL FOR A NEW AND COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH”, 2005, 76 U. Colo. L. Rev. 561, lexis)
These two leading Colorado Supreme Court decisions, Bowen/Edwards and Voss, were
AND
a number of unanswered questions that will likely lead to future legal battles.

Uncertainty kills exports
Das, project engineer at UniversalPegasus International and MBA from the University of Chicago, 2012
(D.K., “Shale Gas Creating New Opportunities”, The American Oil and Gas Reporter, February, p. http://www.aogr.com/index.php/web-features/exclusive-story/shale-gas-creating-new-opportunities)
At the moment, political risk is the biggest factor playing against U.S
AND
away capital funding, which is critical for high-cost LNG projects.

03/30/2013

NDT Rnd 3 AT: CIR Politics

Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: Stanford | Judge:
CIR

CIR won’t pass--border security trigger fight dooms
York, 3-27-13, Border security in exchange for immigration reform? Napolitano says no deal, Byron, p. http://washingtonexaminer.com/border-security-in-exchange-for-immigration-reform-napolitano-says-no-deal./article/2525505
Republicans working to craft a comprehensive immigration reform bill say there is one rock-
AND
reform, they can forget about making a deal, now or ever.

No internal link—Obama PC not key
Pittsburgh Post Gazette, 3-28-13, p. http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/news/us/obama-pushes-immigration-bill-681139/
In back-to-back interviews with Spanish-language television networks, Mr
AND
better chance of winning Republican support than one overtly influenced by the president.

Guest worker negotiations prove Obama PC is not key to resolving disputes
Nakamura, 3-28-13, Washington Post, Dispute over guest-worker program puts immigration talks at risk of delay, David, p. factiva
Administration officials say privately that the Senate group asked the White House to give the
AND
has been helped ensure that the negotiations do not become "overly politicized."

No link--Executive agency rulemaking shields the link—Obama will back away from domestic political defenses of the plan if Congress presses him
Herz ’12 – professor of law and co-director of the Floersheimer Center for Constitutional Democracy
(Michael E., “Political Oversight of Agency Decisionmaking”, Administrative Law JOTWELL, 1-23-2012,
Mendelson begins with two important but often overlooked points. First, we know remarkably
AND
teeth who are dismayed by Congress’s desire to take credit but not blame.)

Don’t buy the hype – there is substantial bipartisan support in Congress for exports
Ross, The Council of State Governments, March 5, 2013
(Brydon, “Liquefied Natural Gas and the Great Export Debate”, Capitol Research, p. http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/drupal/content/liquefied-natural-gas-and-great-export-debate)
Despite the strong rhetoric from detractors, state leaders should recognize there is substantial bipartisan
AND
and reduce the influence of resource rich countries like Iran and Russia.27

Plan is popular in Congress – especially among Republicans
SNL Energy Gas Utility Week, 2013
(“Bipartisan group of 109 congressmen tells Chu: Time to move ahead with LNG exports”, January 28, p. Factiva)
A bipartisan group of 109 members of Congress has written Energy Secretary Steven Chu to
AND
from reaching a world price, a concern often cited by export opponents.

Deterrence prevents India/Pakistan conflict.
Tepperman ‘9
Jonathan Tepperman, Deputy Editor at Newsweek Magazine and former Deputy Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, September 14, 2009, Newsweek, September 14, 2009, Lexis Academic

The record since then shows the same pattern repeating: nuclear-armed enemies slide
AND
leaders on each side did what they had to do to avoid it.

Round Reports

Tournament	Round	Report
Northwestern	1	Opponent: Macalester CS \| Judge: Elli Kuenzel 1AC: Exports with China WTO and Japan Economy 1NC: Lacan/Zizek K, Case 2NC: K 1NR: Case 2NR: K
Northwestern	3	Opponent: ASU CY \| Judge: Tom Glenicki 1AC: Exports with China WTO and Japan Economy 1NC: T - Incentives, Bonding CP, CIR, Renewables/Warming DA, LNG = Terrorism 2NC: CP, CIR and Case 1NR: T - Incentives 2NR: T - Incentives
Northwestern	5	Opponent: Minnesota EW \| Judge: Jordan Blumenthal 1AC: Exports with Energy Poverty 1NC: Give Back the Land, Fracking Bad DA, and Case 2NC: Give Back the Land 1NR: Fracking Bad and Case 2NR: Give Back the Land
Northwestern	7	Opponent: UTSA NS \| Judge: Geoff Lundeen Aff: Exports with Energy Poverty 1NC: Death Cult, Baudrillard/Capitalism, Calculators as Currency CP and Case 2NC: Baudrillard and Case 1NR: Baudrillard and CP 2NR: Baudrillard, CP and Case
Districts	1	Opponent: Dartmouth CK \| Judge: Lauren Cameron, Joe Patrice Aff: Exports with Trade (Districts version) and US-Turkey Relations 1NC: Topicality, CIR Politics, Limits CP w/Manufacturing NB, Neoliberalism K, Warming DA, Inherency 2NC: CP, Warming, Case 1NR: Politics 2NR: Warming DA & Case
Districts	3	Opponent: Bard JD \| Judge: Armands Revelins, Adam Lee Aff: Exports with Energy Poverty and Flaring Advantages 1NC: Eco-Radicalism/Neoliberalism K, Natural Gas Word PIC, Gregorian Calendar & Otherization on Case 2NC: K, CP 1NR: Case 2NR: CP
Districts	5	Opponent: Army BS \| Judge: Elli Kuenzel, Jason Wright 1AC: Exports with Energy Poverty and Flaring 1NC: T - Restrictions, SPS CP, Biopower K, China Renewable Trade-Off, Hegemony Bad DA, Ag DA (Warming), Case 2AC: Trade Add-On, Hegemony Good, Warming Good 2NC: Hegemony DA, Ag DA 1NR: Trade Bad 2NR: Hegemony DA, Ag DA, Case and Trade Bad
Districts	8	Opponent: Army CH \| Judge: Gordie Miller, Janna White 1AC: Exports with Energy Poverty and Flaring 1NC: T - In the US, Cap K, Heidegger K on Case, Case 2NC: T, Cap K 1NR: Cap K 2NR: T
NDT	2	Opponent: UTD LV \| Judge: Sherry Hall, Joe Patrice, Eric Robinson 1AC: Exports with Trade (NDT) and Russia w/Balkans and Ukraine Scenarios 1NC: T - Production = Extraction, T - Financial Incentive, Courts CP, Warming DA, CIR Politics (Economy) case with Russian Gas Cartel and TPP Turns. 2NC: T, Warming 1NR: Case 2NR: T
NDT	3	Opponent: Stanford GS \| Judge: Alex Lamballe, Heather Walters, Glen Frappier 1AC: Exports with Trade (NDT) and Russia w/Balkans and Ukraine Scenarios 1NC: T - Incentives, Courts CP, CIR Politics, Security K and Case 2NC: T, CP and Trade Advantage 1NR: Politics and Russia Advantage 2NR: T
NDT	6	Opponent: ASU RV \| Judge: Erika Thomas, Terrell Taylor, Kathryn Rubino 1AC: Exports with Trade (NDT) and Russia w/Balkans and Ukraine Scenarios 1NC: CIR Politics (Bioterrorism), PIC out of Oregon Terminal with Salmon NB, Dip Cap DA (Iran), Heidegger and Case 2NC: PIC and Case 1NR: Dip Cap and Case 2NR: Dip Cap and Case

Tournament

Round

Report

Northwestern

Opponent: Macalester CS | Judge: Elli Kuenzel

Northwestern

Opponent: ASU CY | Judge: Tom Glenicki

Northwestern

Opponent: Minnesota EW | Judge: Jordan Blumenthal

Northwestern

Opponent: UTSA NS | Judge: Geoff Lundeen

Districts

Opponent: Dartmouth CK | Judge: Lauren Cameron, Joe Patrice

Districts

Opponent: Bard JD | Judge: Armands Revelins, Adam Lee

Districts

Opponent: Army BS | Judge: Elli Kuenzel, Jason Wright

Districts

Opponent: Army CH | Judge: Gordie Miller, Janna White

NDT

Opponent: UTD LV | Judge: Sherry Hall, Joe Patrice, Eric Robinson

NDT

Opponent: Stanford GS | Judge: Alex Lamballe, Heather Walters, Glen Frappier

NDT

Opponent: ASU RV | Judge: Erika Thomas, Terrell Taylor, Kathryn Rubino

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