Tournament: | Round: | Opponent: | Judge:
1AC Carriers
Text: the United States Department of Defense should substantially increase fixed price contracts for nuclear energy produced by additional naval aircraft carriers.
Contention 1: The Carrier Gap
First, The Navy just spent billions on new carriers, but the carrier schedule is stalled
O’Rourke 7/26, Ronald O'Rourke has a M.A. in international studies and is a naval specialist for the Congressional Research Service, “Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/RS20643.pdf
The carrier force will drop… and the commissioning of CVN-78.
Second, This schedule creates a severe shortfall- The fleet will be stuck with an unprecedented low of ten carriers for half a decade
Eaglen, Senior Policy Analyst for National Security at the Heritage Foundation, 2k8 (Mackenzie, Aug 1st, “Aircraft Carriers Are Crucial”, The Washington Post)
To maintain 11 carriers, the Navy… Ford to the 2013-2014 timeframe.
AND, Maintenance cycles means that less than 10 carriers are deployed. This kills effectiveness.
Erdossy 7/17-Marty Erdossy is the former Commanding Officer of the USS George Washington (CVN 73).
“Why Does The United States Only Have Eleven Aircraft Carriers?”
Typical maintenance periods range… of operations and maintenance.
This is especially true with rising tensions with Iran
Foreign Policy 7/20-“This Week at War: If You Build Up, Who Will Come?”
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/07/20/this_week_at_war_if_you_build_up_who_will_come?page=0,1
Pentagon spokesman George Little said… certainly headed higher.
AND, unless new carriers are built, US will inevitably over-commit.
Haddick, ‘12
Robert Haddick, contractor at U.S. Special Operations Command, editor of Small Wars Journal, and former Marine Corps; “This Week at War: Does the U.S. Need More Aircraft Carriers?” 5/25/2012; http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/05/25/this_week_at_war_does_the_us_need_more_aircraft_carriers
A May 21 article in the… Asia-Pacific theater sounding hollow.
AND, Their disads are non-starters. The Navy just increased spending for carriers
Capaccio 8/5-writer for Bloomberg, “Huntington Risks Losing $194 Million on Navy Carrier Cost”
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-05/huntington-risks-losing-194-million-for-navy-carrier-s-overrun.html
The company would receive…Northrop Grumman Corp. (NOC) in March 2011.
Contention 2 is Sea Power:
Carriers provide unmatched firepower and survivability- that’s key to military dominance
Allen, Retired Vice Admiral and former Commander of Naval Air Forces of the Atlantic Fleet, 2k1 (Richard, “Aircraft carriers and sea-based air power: Smaller is not better and numbers do count!,” Sea Power, June)
Today, the 15 CVBG/14 CVW/600-ship… nation's allies around the world.
And, Naval power is the very foundation of U.S. hegemony. American dominance invisibly deters myriad challengers and conflicts
Friedman, founder, CEO, and chief intelligence officer of Stratfor, 2k7 (George, April 10th, “The Limitations and Necessity of Naval Power”, http://www.stratfor.com/limitations_and_necessity_naval_power)
The argument for slashing the… foremost, a maritime power.
The impact is Kagan—Enough Said
Kagan, 2007 (Robert, Senior Associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “End of Dreams, Return of History” Policy Review, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/8552512.html#n10)
Finally, there is the United States itself… will provide an easier path.
Heg Bad isn’t an argument. Obama makes intervention inevitable
Kagan 7 (Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund) http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/27/AR2007042702027.html
America must "lead… a left-liberal foreign poli
Theoretical arguments about inevitable decline create a self-fulfilling prophecy- even if collapse is inevitable, we should attempt to sustain it
Schweller '1 Associate Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University Randall L. "The Problem of International Order Revisited" International Security, 26.1 (Project Muse)
First, although hegemonic decline… accordance with Ikenberry's prescription.
The alternative is net worse. The transition entails global chaos and conflict – multipolrity can never exist.
Brzezinski 05 National Security Advisor in the Carter Administration, Professor of Foreign Policy @ Johns Hopkins University (Zbigniew "The Choice")
History is a record of change… stabilizer will also endure.
And, Carriers solve- A robust fleet prevents crisis escalation
Eaglen, Senior Policy Analyst for National Security at the Heritage Foundation, 2k8 (Mackenzie, Aug 1st, “Aircraft Carriers Are Crucial”, The Washington Post)
For any U.S. president… maintain at least 12 carriers.
The gradual decline of the Navy will leave a vacuum culminating in major power competition and global war. A strong navy ensures global stability even through a land defeat.
Robert D. Kaplan November 2007 Atlantic Monthly, national correspondent for The Atlantic, is the Class of 1960 Distinguished Visiting Professor in National Security at the U.S. Naval Academy, http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200711/america-decline/3
“Regular wars” between major… our elites appear blind.
Contention 3 is Air Power—
The political will and focus of Air Force leaders is killing American air dominance.
Goure 2010-Daniel, Ph.D., “Say Goodbye To U.S. Air Dominance And Perhaps To Victory In The Next War” http://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/say-goodbye-to-us-air-dominance~-~-~-~-and-perhaps-to-victory-in-the-next-war?a=1andc=1171
The United States may be ... except through the air.
Plan Solves 2 internal links
Subpoint A is is Strike Capability:
Carrier air wings maximize air power capability by providing air missions with deep strike capability and operating capacity.
Lambeth 2k5- Benjamin Lambeth is senior research associate at the RAND Corporation, “American Carrier Air Power at the Dawn of a New Century.”
The terrorist attacks against ... information networks, and weapons.
AND, Carriers are the bread and butter of our air power strategy. Missions are launched and sustained by carrier air wings. Prefer most recent applications.
Lambeth 2k5- Benjamin Lambeth is senior research associate at the RAND Corporation, “American Carrier Air Power at the Dawn of a New Century.”
Operation Enduring Freedom ... complete the mission.6
Additionally, conventional air power is restricted by bases that our threatened. Carriers provide unmatched mobility.
Grant 2009 “U.S. Air Dominance Eroding” http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2355783/posts
Without functioning ground ... likely be exported.
Subpoint B is Jamming Systems:
Only carriers have jamming systems that can engage in electronic warfare but shortages means commanders have to “gap-fill” land sites.
Lambeth 2k5- Benjamin Lambeth is senior research associate at the RAND Corporation, “American Carrier Air Power at the Dawn of a New Century.”
After the Air Force ... turn-around cycle.”4
Jammers are key to overall effectiveness.
Zaitsev 2k9—April 14, Yury Zaitsev is an academic adviser with the Russian Academy of Engineering Sciences, “Electronic warfare, a crucial factor in future conflicts”
Electronic warfare will ... for quite some time.
Air power allows the US to win the race for influence and legitimacy in the Asia
Garretson 5/19-2012, Lt Col. Peter Garretson is an Airpower and Spacepower Strategist, Grand Stategist and a visiting fellow at the Indian Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis, “Air Power Key to U.S. Asia Goals” http://thediplomat.com/2012/05/19/air-power-key-to-u-s-asia-goals/2/
An institutional Air Force ... a percent of the USAF budget.
Asia’s key to everything
Clinton 11-November, Hilary Clinton is the United States Secretary of State, “America's Pacific Century”
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/10/11/americas_pacific_century?page=full
As the war in ...for universal human rights.
Economic collapse causes extinction
Kerpen 8, Director of Policy for Americans for Prosperity, Contributing Editor for National Review Online, Chair of the Internet Freedom Coalition, former Policy Director and Executive Director for the Free Enterprise Fund, former Analyst and Researcher for the Club for Growth, the Woodhill Foundation, and the Cato Institute, 10-28-8 (Phil, “From Panic to Depression?,” National Review)
But with so many ... couldn’t be any higher.
Trade solves war
McDonald in ’04 (Patrick, Professor of Government at University of Texas Austin, Journal of Conflict Resolution, “Peace through Trade or Free Trade?” Volume 48, Number 4, August)
An extensive base ... (e.g., Morrow 1999; Gartzke, Li, and Boehmer 2001).
Warming ends all life on earth
Tickell, 8-11-2008
(Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)
We need to get ... similar hothouse Earth.
Asian conflict goes nuclear
Valery V. Tsepkalo, Belarussian Ambassador to the U.S., Foreign Affairs, March/April 1998, Lexis
But abetting the ... of mass destruction.
Air-Sea Battle:
Strategic reassessment in the Asian-Pacific makes now the key time for new defense initiatives. The plan is key to ensure an effective shift to Air-Sea Battle
O’Hanlon and Steinberg 8/23—Michael E. O’Hanlon is senior fellow at the Brookings Institute and James Steinberg is Dean of Maxwell School at Syracuse University, and former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State, August 23, “Going Beyond "Air-Sea Battle" in Asia and the Pacific”
http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/08/23-air-sea-battle-ohanlon
In fact, as a military concept… involved big new weapons platforms.
Carriers are key to strategic success in amorphous operations. Failure assures allies lashout and force reversion of strategy. Only the plan can access sustainability
Raska 10/30—Michael Raska, a research fellow at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, a constituent unit of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, “Air-Sea Battle Debate: Operational Consequences and Allied Concerns”
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20121030/DEFFEAT05/310300008/Air-Sea-Battle-Debate
U.S. allies in East Asia, however… inland access to the adversary’s territory.
Specifically, carriers are key to mission success
Forbes 12—Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., is chairman of the House Armed Services Readiness Subcommittee and founder and co-chairman of the Congressional China Caucus, “America’s Pacific Air-Sea Battle Vision” http://thediplomat.com/2012/03/08/americas-pacific-air-sea-battle-vision/2/
At its highest level, Congress… volume of Tomahawk missiles.
Plan solves—Only carriers have jamming systems that can engage in electronic warfare but shortages means commanders have to “gap-fill”
Lambeth 2k5- Benjamin Lambeth is senior research associate at the RAND Corporation, “American Carrier Air Power at the Dawn of a New Century.”
After the Air Force decided… carrier air wing turn-around cycle.”4
Jammers are key to overall effectiveness.
Zaitsev 2k9—April 14, Yury Zaitsev is an academic adviser with the Russian Academy of Engineering Sciences, “Electronic warfare, a crucial factor in future conflicts”
Electronic warfare will play.. country for quite some time.
A war with China is inevitable—ASB means war now would be won by the United States and be a small conflict. Delaying the inevitable results in a future war that will escalate to nuclear extinction
Babbin and Timperlake 06
(Jed and Edward” War with China: not only possible, but inevitable Here's a guide to how it may happen and how we can win Showdown: Why China Wants War with the United States”, http://www.conservativebookservice.com/products/BookPage.asp?prod_cd=c6926#continue )
Will the U.S. go to war… the run-up to World War II
History is on our side – every nation that has ever come to global power has always done so through massive transition war; China will be no different, they are a threat, and they will always perceive us as THE enemy no matter how much you hippies don’t want them to.
Kagan 05 (Robert, senior associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, “The Illusion of ‘Managing’ China”, lexis)
The history of rising powers,… many tragic lessons of history.
A war with China must happen in the status quo in order to maintain United States hegemony – war now would easily be won by the United but Carrier groups are key
Ross 05 – Prof Poly Science Boston College, (Robert Assessing the China Threat National Interest Fall, http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2751/is_81/ai_n15753420/print)
More relevant is the considerable… Party and cause its collapse.
You should prefer war now. First, China only has a few working nukes
Lieber and Press 2007 (Keir A. Lieber and Daryl G. Press, Dartmouth professors, “Superiority Complex,” the atlantic monthly, July/Aug 2007, http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200707/china-nukes)
In the 1990s, with the Cold War receding… notice of an incoming attack.
Second, they wouldn’t use them
Sydney Morning Herald 4/8 (Jan Flemr, Alexander Osipovich, 4/8/10, "Obama and Medvedev cut nuclear arsenals, warn Iran")
The US-Russia treaty is being eagerly watched by other nuclear powers.
China on Thursday urged… circumstances and at any time."
Additionally, striking now would eliminate their arsenal
Lieber and Press, 9 (Keir A., Associate Professor @ Georgetown University, Daryl G., Associate Professor of Government, Dartmouth College, Foreign Affairs, Nov/Dec)
MODELING THE UNTHINKABLE To illustrate… give a U.S. president real options.
China’s military is woefully inadequate - a US attack obliterates their military capacity
Lieber and Presse 6 – Keir A. Leiber, author of War and the Engineers: The Primacy of Politics over Technology, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame. Daryl G. Press, author of Calculating Credibility: How Leaders Assess Military Threats, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania ("The Rise of U.S. Nuclear Primacy, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2006)
China's nuclear arsenal is.. for a decade or more.
The window of opportunity is closing— China is modernizing its nuclear forces now
Gill, phd, Director of SIPRI, 10 Bates, “CHINA AND NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL: CURRENT POSITIONS AND FUTURE POLICIEs” , http://books.sipri.org/files/insight/SIPRIInsight1004.pdf
Nonetheless, China is in.. important in this regard
China’s main focus of modernization is ASAT technology
Bajoria 9 (Jayshree, staff writer – Council on Foreign Relations, “China's Military Power,” 2-4, http://www.cfr.org/ publication/18459/)
As part of this modernization… support them," he said.
Chinese ASAT development causes global nuclear shootouts
Hitchens 5 (Theresa, Vice President and Director of the Space Security Project at the Center for Defense Information, Defense News, Worst-Case Mentality Clouds USAF Space Strategy, 2-14, http://www.cdi.org/program/ document.cfm?DocumentID=2885and StartRow=11andListRows=10andand Orderby=D.DateLastUpdatedand ProgramID=68andtypeID=(8)andfrom_ page=relateditems.cfm)
The case being argued… satellite conked out due to faulty manufacturing processes.
1AC SPS (BMD, Nano, UAV's, Radar)
1AC BMD
Miscalculation, irrationality, and accidental launch make nuclear war inevitable
Hellman, 86 (Martin E. Hellman, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University. Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. “Nuclear War: Inevitable or Preventable?” http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/Breakthrough/book/chapters/hellman.html)
What does pistol roulette have to do with nuclear war? During the Cuban missile
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Cuban crisis, there is ample evidence that every war pulls the trigger.
Every day, there is a small chance that a Third World hot spot will
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nuclear war virtually inevitable. We cannot continue on our present course forever.
Leaders of nuclear-armed states will act irrationally – this ensures weapons use and escalation
Utgoff, 02 (Deputy Director for Strategy, Forces and Resources at the Institute for Defense Analyses, Summer 2002. “Proliferation, Missile Defense and American Ambitions”, Survival, Vol. 44, No. 2, p. 87-90)
While national leaders and their advisors everywhere are usually talented and experienced people, even
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us to impose on our opponents whatever levels of violence are readily accessible.
Luckily, space-based missile defense allows for global missile defense capabilities – it renders nuclear war obsolete
Lambakis, 07 (Steven, national security and international affairs analyst specializing in space power and policy studies, Managing Editor of Comparative Strategy, a leading international journal of global affairs and strategic studies, fellow at the National Institute for Public Policy. “Missile Defense From Space” 2-17-07. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/5516446.html)
Limits of the current system Over the long term, will the currently configured and
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negotiating basing rights to locate sensors or interceptor fields would become less pressing.
Independently, a single EMP missile strike against the United States would blow us back to the nineteenth century – space-based defense solves a laundry list of impacts
Lambakis, 07 (Steven, national security and international affairs analyst specializing in space power and policy studies, Managing Editor of Comparative Strategy, a leading international journal of global affairs and strategic studies, fellow at the National Institute for Public Policy. “Missile Defense From Space” 2-17-07. http://www.hoover.org/publications/policyreview/5516446.html)
The ballistic missile threat to the United States, its deployed forces, and allies
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action would also be a strategically prudent and morally desirable step to take.
BMD solves even in development stages
Pfaltzgraf and Van Cleave, 07 (Dr. Robert L. Pfaltzgraf, Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of International Security Studies The Fletcher School, Tufts University and President Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis and Dr. William R. Van Cleave, Professor Emeritus Department of Defense and Strategic Studies Missouri State University. Independent Working Group, “Missile Defense, The Space Relationship, and the 21st Century”, 2007, http://www.ifpa.org/pdf/IWGreport.pdf)
To begin with, arms races stem from competition for offensive weapons and while it
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to foster arms races and proliferation, as opponents so vigorously maintain.12
BMD disads aren’t unique either – ground and sea-based interceptors exist now – space capabilities just make them more effective
Mooney, 10-23 (Kevin, staff writer for CNS News. “Space-Based Missile Defense Needed to Counter Global Threats, Experts Say” http://www.cnsnews.com/public/Content/Article.aspx?rsrcid=36145)
Only a space-based missile defense system capable of intercepting and destroying incoming warheads
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as part of a larger missile-defense architecture over the long term.
SPS is key to solve
First, SPS is key to provide the necessary power for space missile defense
Ramos, 00 (US Air Force Major, Thesis submitted for the AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL Air Force Base. Kim, “Solar Power Constellations: Implications for the United States Air Force,” April, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928)
In addition to the terrestrial implications of solar power satellites for the Air Force,
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power satellite to beam power to the laser, this eliminates the problem.
Second, SPS allows for the construction of space-based radar
Ramos, 00 (US Air Force Major, Thesis submitted for the AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLL MAXWELL Air Force Base. Kim, “Solar Power Constellations: Implications for the United States Air Force,” April, http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA394928)
A space-based radar concept is currently in work at an Air Force Research Laboratory. It requires large amounts of electrical power and the engineers have found no optimum solution to the problem.31 The space-based radar in use today is limited in resolution and coverage by on orbit power.32 As with the space-based laser and RF jamming device, a space-based radar receiving power from a solar power satellite eliminates this problem.
Space-based radar is key to effective missile defense
Prouty, 08 (Scott, Principal Director for the Advanced Systems and Technology Subdivision of the Missile Defense Division, has supported Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, National Reconnaissance Office, and Missile Defense Agency programs. “Ballistic Missile Defense System Sensors and the Role of Space Systems,” Spring 2008. http://www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/spring2008/02.html)
Space sensors fulfill five functions in supporting the BMDS. In the first, "
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concepts. This rapid prototype environment at MDA is the External Sensors Laboratory.
1AC Nanotech
Nanotech is widespread before 2020—Early development allows for defensive nanomeasures to control the effect of the nanorace. Every delay makes the transition unstable and increases the risk of extinction.
Treder and Phoenix 07
(Mike, consultant to the Millennium Project of the American Council for the United Nations University and to the Future Technologies Advisory Group, Chris, CRN’s directory of research,Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, Results of Our Ongoing Research, April 16, http://www.crnano.org/early.htm)
Early development of molecular nanotechnology (MNT) increases some risks, but reduces others
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, not a risk, but any risk must be balanced against it.
Uncontrolled nanotech causes extinction that outweighs nuclear war – the risk is existential
Treder and Phoenix 07
(Mike, consultant to the Millennium Project of the American Council for the United Nations University and to the Future Technologies Advisory Group, Chris, CRN’s directory of research,Center for Responsible Nanotechnology, Results of Our Ongoing Research, April 16, http://www.crnano.org/overview.htm)
Nanotech weapons would
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regional conflict blowing up.
Plan Solves—SPS is at the threshold of new development
Friedman, 2k - USC and Space Studies Institute (George, Final Report, NSF-NASA Workshop on AUTONOMOUS
CONSTRUCTION AND MANUFACTURING FOR SPACE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
http://nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/2000-FinalReport-AutonomousConstructionAndManufacturing.pdf)
In contrast to the lack of real progress in lowering transportation costs to orbit,
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as genetic algorithms could provide valuable insight into future designs and their optimization.
All nanotech RandD would have to start with SPS
Greenwood, 2k - Netrologic, Inc. (Dan, Final Report, NSF-NASA Workshop on AUTONOMOUS CONSTRUCTION
AND MANUFACTURING FOR SPACE ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS
http://nss.org/settlement/ssp/library/2000-FinalReport-AutonomousConstructionAndManufacturing.pdf)
The issues associated with such macro projects, which are larger than anything yet attempted
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of these issues were therefore included in the group findings in Chapter 2.
a. Quantum Encyption
Nanotech is key to quantum encryption
Koenig 2k8
(Kelly, consultant with CSC's Global Business Solutions. extensive experience in business architecture, risk mitigation and process improvement solutions, master’s degree from Northwestern University (joint program with Kellogg School of Management and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science. December 2008, “ Bleeding Edge: Nanotechnological Applications In Quantum Cryptography)
After considering the physical limits of today’s technology and the energy needs we face today
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that the benefits of nanotechnology will be realized.
Falling behind in quantum encryption leads to cyber attacks
Shay 10
(Christopher, Time Correspondent, “ China's Great (Quantum) Leap Forward,” Sep. 09, 2010, Time.com, http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2016687,00.html)
The advance in secure communications comes none too soon. With ever-increasing computing
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secrecy. In these ways, China has made a quantum leap forward.
The threat is real—takes out C and C and which independently causes nuclear war
Tilford 12
Robert, Graduate US Army Airborne School, Ft. Benning, Georgia, "Cyber attackers could shut down the electric grid for the entire east coast" 2012, http://www.examiner.com/article/cyber-attackers-could-easily-shut-down-the-electric-grid-for-the-entire-east-coa
To make matters
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authorized by the President.
b. AIDS
Nanotech is key to stop the spread of AIDS and is the best avenue for effective treatment
Mamo and Moseman 2010—February, et. al. Tewodros Mamo and Ashley Moseman, Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Nanotechnology Engineering, University of Waterloo “Emerging nanotechnology approaches for HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861897/
Nanotechnology can impact the treatment and prevention of
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delivery of therapeutic molecules or RNAi.
Its uniquely mutation prone—future mutations will make it easier to spread
NEWSDAY 5-31-2001 (http://www.aegis.com/news/NEWSDAY/2001/ND010505.html)
Finally, Weiss and his worrying colleagues wonder whether
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or insect vectors to the sex and blood it already enjoys?"
Airborne AIDS results in extinction
POSNER 2005 (Richard, Author, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, excerpted in Skeptic, Jan 1)
Another great twentieth-century pandemic, AIDS, which has already killed more than
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it had a chance to replicate itself in another host. (6)
AIDS magnifies the impact of war—soldiers commit genocide by deliberately spreading aids through rape
SINGER 2002 (Peter, John M. Olin Post-doctoral Fellow, Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, Survival, Spring. This is not the bioethicist/activist Peter Singer.)
The relationship between AIDS and conflict also plays out in more complex dynamics. The
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Leone came from the thousands of women raped and infected by the RUF.
1AC Solvency
Global race for SPS now-US must catalyze investment quickly to avoid losing out
Wood 12 – Elisa Wood, contributer to Renewable Energy World, April 16th, 2012, "Race for Renewables' Game-changers Heats Up" www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/04/race-for-game-changing-technology-intensifies
Virginia, U.S.A. First comes invention then comes prosperity
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over existing transmission and distribution lines.
SPS-Alpha can be up and running in a few years with only a few billion dollars – new tech ensures feasibility and low costs
Mankins 12 – John C. Mankins, President of Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC
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/new-paradigm-for-space-based-solar.html
Question: How exactly has the technology evolved since the 1970s? ¶ There have
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mass-produced pieces, standard launch systems and robotic assembly in space.
The commitment to SSP alone is enough to bolster aerospace – it doesn’t depend upon completion
Nansen, 95 - led the Boeing team of engineers in the Satellite Power System Concept Development and Evaluation Program for the Department of Energy and NASA, and President Solar Space Industries (Ralph, Sun Power, http://www.nss.org/settlement/ssp/sunpower/sunpower09.html)
The Case for Developing Solar Power Satellites Some of the very reasons for not developing
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create a massive number of jobs that would bring growth to our economy.
The first demonstration would occur in 4 years
Ashworth, 08 - Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society (Stephen, The Space Review, “In defense of the knights”, 6/23, http://www.thespacereview.com/article/1153/1)
Usually, Day’s articles are among the best-written and most informative space commentary
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” is completely contradicted by the actual contents of the NSSO study report.
1AC UAVs
SPS is key to UAV effectiveness
Johnson et al. 9 – W. Neil Johnson, Naval Research Laboratory,
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Current long-duration solar-powered UAV systems, while demonstrated to be feasible
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m 2 controlled area limit of exposure currently accepted as human-safe.
UAVs in Pakistan are inevitable and key to quelling the insurgency
Bergen and Tiedemann 11 – Peter Bergen, Director of the National Security Studies Program at the New America Foundation AND* Katherine Tiedemann, research fellow at the New America Foundation, July/August 2011, “Washington’s Phantom War,” Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67939/peter-bergen-and-katherine-tiedemann/washingtons-phantom-war?page=show
Despite the drone program’s shortcomings, it is likely to continue-put simply,
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once said, the drone program is “the only game in town.”
Insurgency in Pakistan causes global nuclear war
Pitt 9 – William Rivers Pitt, Political Activist Specializing on the War on Terror and New York Times and Internationally Bestselling Author of “War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesn’t Want You to Know,” and “The Greatest Sedition is Silence” “Unstable Pakistan threatens the world,” May 8th, 2009, http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183
But a suicide bomber in Pakistan rammed a car
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the situation. So should we all.
UAVs are key to Alaskan air power
Anderson 12 – Ben Anderson, writer for the Alaska Dispatch, February 13th, 2012, "Unmanned aerial drones the future of Arctic reconnaissance?" www.alaskadispatch.com/article/unmanned-aerial-drones-future-arctic-reconnaissance?page=full
But there's a softer, friendlier side to UAVs they're not all the terrifying
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played a big role in the bill's Arctic language.
Alaskan air power prevents Arctic conflict escalation
Schanz 8 – Mark V. Schanz, Associate Editor of Airforce Magazine, 2008, “Strategic Alaska,” http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2008/November%202008/1108alaska.aspx
More than ever before, the Air Force is paying close attention to its force
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commanders in the region say the moves have to be kept in perspective.
Arctic conflict causes nuclear war
Wallace and Staples 10 – Michael Wallace is Professor Emeritus at the University of British Columbia; Steven Staples is President of the Rideau Institute in Ottawa, March 2010, “Ridding the Arctic of Nuclear Weapons A Task Long Overdue”, http://www.arcticsecurity.org/docs/arctic-nuclear-report-web.pdf
The fact is, the Arctic is becoming a zone of increased military competition.
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Arctic because of climate change.”
Alaskan UAVs solve environmental problems and oil spills in the Arctic
Anderson 12 – Ben Anderson, writer for the Alaska Dispatch, February 13th, 2012, "Unmanned aerial drones the future of Arctic reconnaissance?" www.alaskadispatch.com/article/unmanned-aerial-drones-future-arctic-reconnaissance?page=full
Walker said that Alaska's unique need for UAV technology particularly in far-flung
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which would ground manned aircraft."
Oil spills kill Arctic biodiversity
O’Rourke 12 – Ronal O’Rourke, specialist in naval affairs, June 15th, 2012, “Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress” http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R41153.pdf
No oil spill is entirely benign. Even a relatively minor spill, depending on
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spans and reproduce at a slower rate.95
Collapse of Arctic biodiversity causes extinction
CAFF 98 – Biodiversity Working group of the Arctic Council, Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna, September 1998, “Strategic Plan for the Conservation of Arctic Biological Diversity” http://arcticportal.org/uploads/RX/zN/RXzNc4KU8QKfhN_KDw_oQQ/The-StrategicPlanforTheConservofArcticBiolDiv.pdf
The species of the Arctic are important for their own sake and for their value
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efforts with non-Arctic countries.
SPS is key to bistatic radar – this is key to countering stealth radar
Johnson et al. 9 – W. Neil Johnson, Naval Research Laboratory,
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Bistatic radar systems are generally well-suited to several specific applications where they outperform
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demand” capability as an adjunct to the SBSP’s primary power transmission mission.
Bistatic radar prevents cruise missile proliferation
Tanks 2k – David Tanks, analyst at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 2000, "Assessing the Cruise Missile Puzzle: How great a defense challenge?" www.ifpa.org/pdf/CM200/CM_Report.pdf
As was noted in the Introduction, it is not expected that other states will
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, situations involving multiple receivers and a common transmission source are called multistatic.)
Cruise missile proliferation causes nuclear war
Telegraph 11 – Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) Reinforced Point Of Contact (RPOC) Meeting, April 10, 2008, “Wikileaks Transcript Classified by ISN/MTR Director Pam Durham”
21. (C) Additionally, many countries are pursuing cruise missile programs as
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, often by drawing on all of us for various forms of facilitation.
Bistatic radar is key to prevent drug trafficking
Martin et al. 6 – Andreas Arnold-Bos, Arnaud Martin, Ali Khenchaf, members of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and analysts at Ecole Nationale Superieure des Ingenieurs des Etudes et Techniques de l'Armement (ENSIETA), a French laboratory, 2006, "A Versatile Bistatic and Polarimetric Marine Radar Simulator" www.arnaud.martin.free.fr/publi/ARNOLD_06a.pdf
On an average day, more than a hundred and fifty ships transit through the
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, especially with uncommon, yet promising, configurations such as bistatic radar.
Drug trafficking crushes Amazon biodiversity
Barraca 10—Sara, Dialogo News, Drug Trafficking Damaging Amazon Basin, Diálogo is a professional military magazine published quarterly by the Commander of the United States Southern Command as an international forum for military personnel in Latin America, 3/12, www.dialogo-americas.com/en_GB/articles/rmisa/features/regional_news/2010/12/03/feature-01
Drug trafficking organizations are causing significant damage to the Amazon rain forest and watershed in
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and water sources and loss of aquatic resources (fish)," he said.
Loss of Amazon biodiversity causes extinction
Takacs 96—Takacs, David, 1996 Philosophies of Paradise, The Johns Hopkins Univ. Pr., Baltimore.
"Habitat destruction and conversion are eliminating species at such a frightening pace that extinction
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the famines could lead to a thermonuclear war, which could extinguish civilization.""
Conclusive evidence proves biodiversity is key to prevent extinction
Science Daily 11 (Citing Prof Michel Loreau, PhD Ecologist, and Prof Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, PhD and Professor @ University of Freiburg, " Biodiversity Key to Earth's Life-Support Functions in a Changing World," Aug 11, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110811084513.htm)
ScienceDaily (Aug. 11, 2011) — The biological diversity of organisms on
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diversity is thus a crucial factor in maintaining Earth's life-support functions.
