Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

TEXT: The United States Department of Defense should establish a power purchase agreement to …

DoD is key to spur investment- tech isn’t ready

Andres and Breetz 11 (Richard, Professor of National Security Strategy at the National War College and a Senior Fellow and Energy and Environmental Security and Policy Chair in the Center for Strategic Research, Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, Hanna L.  Breetz is a doctoral candidate in the  Department of Political Science at the  Massachusetts institute of technology. www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/StrForum/SF-262.pdf
"Small Nuclear Reactors for Military Installations: Capabilities, Costs, and Technological Implications", FebruaryPG
The preceding analysis suggests that DOD should ¶ seriously consider taking a leadership role on
AND
the future for either U.S. ¶ military or commercial use.

DoD spending doesn’t link to politics-they’re insulated

Appelbaum’12 (Binyamin, The New York Times, http://hamptonroads.com/2012/01/defense-cuts-would-hurt-scientific-rd-experts-say-http://hamptonroads.com/2012/01/defense-cuts-would-hurt-scientific-rd-experts-say, "Defense cuts would hurt scientific R%26D, experts say" 1/18/2012,PG)
Sarewitz, who studies the government’s role in promoting innovation, said the Defense Department
AND
find ways to reduce one of its largest budget items, energy costs.

DoD spending on SMR’s key for "islanding" military bases from the grid- blackouts will collapse the military- national security is at risk

Loudermilk ’11 (Micah, Research Associate for the Energy %26 Environmental Security Policy program with the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University, "Small Nuclear Reactors: Enabling Energy Security for Warfighters", March 27, 2011, PG)

Last month, the Institute for National Strategic Studies at National Defense University released a
AND
fears that would surely arise from the distribution of reactors across the country. 

If national security is prone- space system can become hacked- leads to a loss of US hegemony

Imburgia ’11 (Joseph, Lt. Col. and Judge Advocate in Air Force, "Space Debris and Its Threat to National Security: A Proposal for a Binding International Agreement to Clean Up the Junk," Google Scholar,PG))

These gloomy prognostications about the threats to our space environment should be troubling to Americans
AND
-being, the preservation of these space capabilities should also be vital.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
TEXT: Citing Executive Authority, the President of the United States of America should sign an executive order ~PLAN~

SOLVENCY:

Executive Orders have been historically used to increase domestic Energy Production

Warrick and Eilperin 4
Joby and Juliet, Staff Writers, Washington Post, "Old and Gas Hold the Reins in the Wild West; Land-Use Decisions Largely Favor Energy Industry", The Washington Post September 25, 2004 Saturdaygr

While the annual number of new leases by oil and gas companies is down from
AND
agency officials who spoke on the condition of anonymity for fear of repercussions.

Observation 1: Politics:

XO’s shield the president from politics, especially within the realm of Energy Productoin—congress doesn’t want its hands in this soup

Sovacool and Sovacool 9
Ben and Kelly, Dr. Benjamin K. Sovacool is a Research Fellow in the Energy Governance Program at the Centre on Asia and Globalization, Sovacool is a Senior Research Associate at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore.  Article: Preventing National Electricity-Water Crisis Areas in the United States, Columbia Journal of Environmental Lawgr

The courts and Congress, in other words, do not want to deal with
AND
the constraints faced by environmental and energy related legislation and Supreme Court rulings.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

America is successfully containing China now in the South China sea, but growing Chinese hegemony will make dialog impossible and conflict inevitable

Yi 10/11/2012 (Xiaoxiong ~ is the director of Marietta College’s China Program~ "China-U.S. arms race could be coming to Asia-Pacific," d/l: http://www.lancastereaglegazette.com/article/20121011/OPINION02/210110327/China-U-S-arms-race-could-coming-Asia-Pacific) jl

Strategic competition between China and the United States in Asia-Pacific is intensifying,
AND
the International Crisis Group, "the harder it is to resolve conflicts."

Dependence on China for Rare Earth increases Chinese hegemony

Richardson 2010 Michael, Research Fellow at the Institute of South East Asian Studies in Singapore, China’s Chokehold On Rare-Earth Minerals Raises Concerns, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/chinas-rare-earth-minerals-http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/chinas-rare-earth-minerals gr

Yet China could keep its dominant grip on the rare-earths industry for some
AND
, its allies, and other countries that buy its weapons and equipment.

insert plan-specific link

China is specifically looking to use its rare earth leverage in regards to the South China Sea, igniting a time bomb

Morley 9/25/2012 (Robert "China Threatens to Pull Pin on Global Economic Hand Grenade," d/l: http://www.thetrumpet.com/article/9916.4.0.0/economy/china-threatens-to-pull-pin-on-global-economic-hand-grenade) jl

A senior adviser to the Chinese government has called for an economic attack on Japan’s
AND
blow to the Japanese economy without hurting itself too much," he said.

Increased Chinese hegemony will result in belligerence in the South China Sea and prompt nuclear war with Japan.—The brink is now

Hayward 9/19/2012 (John "MEANWHILE, CHINA PREPARES FOR WAR WITH JAPAN," d/l: http://www.humanevents.com/2012/09/19/meawhile-china-prepares-for-war-with-japan/) jl

I’m sure this didn’t come up when President Obama did the Letterman show last night
AND
dare Japan and her distant, bankrupt American ally to take them back.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

High-Skilled Immigration Reform on its way—Changing of the guard ensures its passage with democratic support in Congress

Romm 11/7/12 (Tony ~Politico~, "Obama win may boost W.H. stance on cybersecurity" http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1112/83491.html~~%23ixzz2BY3UmdWs)//gr**

There’s little at the moment to suggest the political dynamics of Capitol Hill are bound
AND
have more latitude from his party to be more aggressive on the issue."

Obama key to pushing for high skilled immigration reform

Gross 11/7/2012 (Grant , "US election could mean movement on high-skill immigration, copyright," d/l: http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/441264/us_election_could_mean_movement_high-skill_immigration_copyright/?fp=4%26fpid=399285820) jl

U.S. voters on Tuesday again elected a divided Congress with Republicans in
AND
immigration, they have been making it much harder administratively to get visas."

~FOR THE LOVE OF GOD INSERT A LINK CARD FROM THE OTHER FILE~

Immigration reform is essential element to scientific diplomacy

Pickering et al, 2010 (THOMAS R. -ov president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, undersecretary of state from 1997-2000 and chairs the advisory council of the Civilian Research and Development Foundation. Agre, a Nobel laureate, is a physician and director of the Malaria Research Institute at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, PETER AGRE, "Science diplomacy aids conflict reduction" http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/feb/20/science-diplomacy-aids-conflict-reduction/, 7/27/10,)

Over two foggy days in April, a group of high-ranking Chinese science
AND
be crucial to finding solutions both to global problems and to global conflict.

Global science cooperation solves failed states, disease, resource wars, and global inequality

Fedoroff 8
Former Science and Technology Adviser to the Sec of State. Chaired Professor of Life Sciences and Evan Pugh Professor in the Biology Department and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University. (Nina, Statement before Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, Committee on SandT, USHR, http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-110hhrg41470/html/CHRG-110hhrg41470.htm) TR

• • 
    Countries that cannot feed their people or provide them with economic opportunities are susceptible to
    AND
    a means to enhance security, increase global partnerships, and create sustainability.

And it’s the best way to solve war

Krasnodebska 12
Former Contributing Researcher for the USC Center for Conflict Prevention. Master of Public Diplomacy, USC (Molly, Conflict Prevention, http://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/index.php/newswire/media_monitor_reports_detail/science_diplomacy/)//TR**

Science diplomacy can function as a tool for conflict prevention and be understood as fostering
AND
as Indonesia, Malaysia and Pakistan where vaccine diplomacy is currently being implemented.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Energy production represents the peak of our manipulation of the environment-the aff is standing reserve logic that obviates our relation to the Earth and causes extinction-only refusing action in favor of contemplating solves, and it leads to more effective policies

Grego 7
(Dr. Richard Grego 7, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities/ Culture, Daytona Beach College, 2007, "Global Warming, Environmental Philosophy and Public Policy: John Dewey vs Martin Heidegger," online: http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_153.html)//TR**

This essay compares and contrasts the views of Martin Heidegger and John Dewey with respect
AND
humanity, might be just what is needed for the earth’s sustainable future.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Interpretation: The aff must specify one level beyond the United States Federal Government to pass policy

Rotunda  1
(professor of law at the University of Illinois, 2001 ~Richard, 18 Const. Commentary 319, "THE COMMERCE CLAUSE, THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE, AND MORRISON", l/n, (m7,06)~

No one denies the importance of the Constitution’s federalist principles. Its state/federal
AND
Framers most feared) by splitting it between two Houses of Congress. n12

Violation: Their plan-text stops at the USFG

Standards

Agency discussions are essential to education about energy policy

Valentine 10 
(Scott Victor Valentine - Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, "Canada’s constitutional separation of (wind) power" Energy Policy, Volume 38, Issue 4, April 2010, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509009227-http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509009227)//TR**

Should policymakers facilitate renewable energy capacity development through distributive policies (i.e.
AND
impact that federal structure has on renewable energy policy instrument development is merited.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Off

Interpretation: The aff must substantially reduce restrictions on and/or increase financial incentives for energy production in the United States

United States is its 50 states and the District of Columbia

Dictionary.com d/l 9/25/2012 (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/United+States) jl

a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with Alaska and Hawaii, 3,615,122 sq. mi. (9,363,166 sq. km). Capital:  Washington, D.C. Abbreviation:  U.S., US

In means within its limits

Meriam-Websters d/l 9/25/2012 (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/in) jl

used as a function word to indicate inclusion, location, or position within limits.

Violation: Native nations are not part of the United States

The Traditional Circle of Indian Elders 1993 ("COMMUNIQUE NO. 16," d/l: http://www.twocircles.org/index.php?option=com_content%26view=article%26id=28%26Itemid=34) jl

One of our principal concerns is the continuation of the unjust policies of the United
AND
take direct peaceful action with the traditional Western Shoshone to resolve this issue.

Standards

Predictability: Allowing the aff to focus on energy production outside the United States undermines ground, forcing generic debate by widening the breath of topics covered, gutting ground.

Specifying subsets of the United States is an independent voting issue because substantial must be near 100%

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 2011 ("Global Warming and Hurricanes," d/l: http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/global-warming-and-hurricanes) jl

Returning to the issue of future projections of aggregate activity (PDI, as in
AND
rise or other factors such as coastal development or changes in building practices.

Framer’s Intent:

Ground.

Topicality is a voting issue

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

1. Russian economy is doing well now, but oil revenue is key.

Oprita 12 (6/21; Antonia, Deputy News Editor, CNBC.com; CNBC: "Are Oil Exports Russia’s Curse as Well as Its Blessing?"; http://www.cnbc.com/id/47870418)
AN-c

However, Russia itself is more sheltered from the crisis-http://www.cnbc.com/id/47863442/ this time than it was
AND
national currency helps to offset falls in oil prices to a certain degree.

2. Renewables cause a shift away from oil, plummeting oil prices as demand decreases.

DeCiantis 8 (Devin, Masters candidate in Public Policy at Harvard’s JFK School of Government, specializing in development economics and international trade, March, http://www.freedom24.org/rationalpost/2008/03/25/speculations-on-a-25-oil-tariff/)//cl**
In the mid-term, as industries and generators begin to shift away from
AND
excess supply-at least while total global oil reserves remain relatively plentiful.

3. Perception of increased energy production drives down oil prices.

Malcolm 12 (Andrew, veteran foreign and national correspondent, 2004 Pulitzer Prize finalist; 3/15: Investors.com, "Drill Our Way to Lower Oil Prices? Yes We Can%21"; http://news.investors.com/article/604557/201203151838/oil-prices-drop-quickly-on-talk-of-petroleum-reserve-release.htm)
AN

Just as President Obama was lecturing the country about how more drilling won’t lower gas
AND
tank. Yet Obama continues to peddle the fiction that drilling doesn’t matter.

4. Russian economic collapse would result in global war and nuclear terrorism.

David 1999 (Steven R. ~prof of PoliSci @ Johns Hopkins U~ Foreign Affairs, "Saving America from the Coming Civil Wars," Jan/Feb, Vol. 78, Issue 1)b

If internal war does strike Russia, economic deterioration will be a prime cause.
AND
this threat more than the chaos that would follow a Russian civil war. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Liberal Capitalist Democracy operates in a panoptic eye that reduces those it looks over into standing reserve

Spanos 8
William V., works @BU and you know who he is, "American Exceptionalism in the Age of Globalization—The specter of Vietnam", 48-9The Guy Risko

This metaphysical epistemology of the liberal capitalist dispensation reifies or, more precisely, "
AND
to be adequately under- stood, phrase "the interpellated subject."19

Our evidence is comparative- Loss of essence outweighs extinction and makes extinction from nihilism inevitable- Recapturing the essence of being is a prerequisite to reestablishing a proper form of ethics and politics

de Beistegui, 97 
Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick (Miguel, Heidegger and the Political, ed. by K. Ansell-Pearson and S. Critchely, p.71, ASG)GUY

Yet, at this point, everything happens as if our postmodern condition were nothing
AND
of being, a site in which man would find his proper place.  

Thus the alternative- Reject the aff’s methodology and embrace the mindset of the nomad- the genealogical path opened by nomadism is the only way to solve for hegemonic imperialism

Spanos 8

• • (William, Distinguished Professor of Literature/Baller, American Exceptionalism in the Age of Globalization-The Spector of Vietnam, p. 28-31 TR)

The "political Left" of the 1980s, which inaugurated the momentum "against
AND
polity. It is, in short, polyvalent in its imperial applications.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Interpretation: Financial incentives includes are monetary gifts and deductions

ACEEE Accessed 9/22/2012

• • (~American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy; organization that acts as a catalyst to advance energy efficiency policies, programs, technologies, investments, and behaviors.~, "Financial Incentives for Energy Efficiency," d/l: http://aceee.org/topics/financial-incentives-energy-efficiency) be

Financial incentives are an important instrument for spurring investment in energy efficient technologies and services
AND
party to administer PBFs, as in Wisconsin, Vermont, and Oregon.

Violation: Making contracts available is not production

Standards:

Ground.

Limits:.

Brightline:

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The United States federal government should establish a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions in the United States.  The federal government should reduce the corporate income tax and business capital-gains taxes

Targeting specific industries and technology fails—-cap and trade is key to market-based solutions that solve the case better

Morris et al 12 Adele C. Morris, Fellow and Deputy Director of the. Climate and Energy Economics project at Brookings,  Pietro S. Nivola, Charles Schultze, Brookings Scholars, "CLEAN ENERGY:REVISITING THE CHALLENGES OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY" June 4 www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/6/04%20clean%20energy%20morris%20nivola%20schultze/04_clean_energy_morris_nivola_schultze.pdf
Public investments of these magnitudes, targeted at specific industries, arguably constitute an industrial policy, albeit a sectoral one, unlike the earlier proposals of the 1980’s —that is, a government strategy to steer resources toward select producers or technologies. The rationale and efficacy of these clean-energy expenditures call for scrutiny.
Proponents offer numerous reasons for scaling up particular energy technologies at the taxpayer’s expense.
AND
on C02 that reflects the environmental harm associated with use of fossil fuels.
A far more effective policy than subsidies for clean energy research, development and demonstration
AND
market prices that many clean energy subsidies will succeed in deploying new technologies.

Incentives cause government dependence and undermines incentives for innovation

Loris 11 Nicolas Loris is an analyst in the Heritage Foundation’s Roe Institute of Economic Policy Studies. "Power Down the Subsidies to Energy Producers" Aug 3  www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2011/08/power-down-the-subsidies-to-energy-producers
America has an energy addiction - and it’s not an addiction to oil, as many politicians would have you think. It’s an addiction to government subsidies. The addicts, you see, are energy producers, not the consumers.
Their growing dependence on federal handouts is the real cause of America’s energy crisis. Energy subsidies have needlessly wasted taxpayer dollars, retarded commercialization of new technologies and failed to reduce our reliance on foreign energy sources. Washington would do well to end all energy subsidies.
Energy subsidies come in numerous forms ranging from direct expenditures to targeted tax breaks, from production mandates to loan guarantees. Basically, any public policy that favorsthe production or consumption of one type of energy over another can be considered a subsidy.
None of them come cheap. According to the Energy Information Agency, the federal government gave the energy industry %248.2 billion in subsidies and financial aid in 1999. This figure more than doubled to %2417.9 billion in 2007 and more than doubled again to %2437.2 billion last year.
But the damage subsidies inflict on our economy extends well beyond direct costs. A special endorsement from the government artificially props up that technology. This reduces the incentive for the producer to become cost-competitive, stifles innovation and encourages government dependence.
The federal government has no business picking commercial winners and losers. That’s the job of the marketplace. Indeed, it’s doubly damaging when government decides to manipulate the market through subsidies, because government - almost invariably - picks losers. That’s not surprising, because companies that seek handouts most strenuously are those that cannot compete without them.

Turns heg

Baru 9
 Sanjaya is a Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School in Singapore Geopolitical Implications of the Current Global Financial Crisis, Strategic Analysis, Volume 33, Issue 2 March 2009 , pages 163 – 168
Hence, economic policies and performance do have strategic consequences.2 In the modern
AND
to find adequate financial resources to simultaneously sustain economic growth and military power. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Environmental apocalypticism causes eco-authoritarianism and mass violence against those deemed environmental threats—-also causes political apathy which turns case

Buell 3

• • Frederick—cultural critic on the environmental crisis and a Professor of English at Queens College and the author of five books,  From Apocalypse To Way of Life, pages 185-186

Looked at critically, then, crisis discourse thus suffers from a number of  liabilities
AND
give up, or even cut off ties to clearly  terminal "nature."

That causes mass wars

Brzoska 8

• • Michael Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg, "The securitization of climate change and the power of conceptions of security," Paper prepared for the International Studies Association Convention 2008

In the literature on securitization it is implied that when a problem is securitized it
AND
military preparedness against the other major powers, thus leading to arms races. 

Vote neg to reframe environmental crisis away from crisis discourse—-this moves the debate away from top-down expertism that causes serial policy failure

Foust et al. 8
 Christina R. Foust, Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Communication Studies
AND
Convention in San Diego, 11/20, p. 22-23

In conclusion, we hope to inspire more scholarship in the spirit of Moser and
AND
common ground needed to build a political will for dealing with climate change. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Interpretation: Incentives must be Quid-Pro-Quo

Target sector must change its behavior for it to be an incentive

De LaHunt, 6 - Assistant Director for Environmental Health and Safety Services in Colorado College’s Facilities Services department (John, "Perverse and unintended" Journal of Chemical Health and Safety, July-August, Science direct) jl-cl

Incentives work on a quid pro quo basis – this for that. If you
AND
run, for at least two reasons – unintended consequences and perverse incentives.

It’s a sequencing question—the change has to happen first

ENGLE and DOWLING 05 Allen, Univ of Eastern Kentucky,  Peter, Univ of Canberra¶  http://people.eku.edu/englea/GlobalrewardsWEBLJUB.pdf. jl-cl

Incentives are defined as promises made in exchange for performance; ¶ rewarded after the performance occurs (Mahoney, 1979; 1989; Maxwell, 2000: 245-¶ 247). The sequence is as follows: promise – performance – rewards. Rewards are ¶ defined as the consequence of performance. Here the sequence is performance¶ followed by rewards.

Violations:

Plan gives money and does not designate the changes they want in return.

They give incentives happens BEFORE the change or energy production happens.

Standards

Prevents effect topicality:.

Limits:.

Education:.

Ground:.

Voting Issue.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Federal education funding is on chopping block for 2013

Stokes 10/31/2011 (Kyle ~producer and reporter for NPR member station KBIA-FM and NBC affiliate KOMU-TV~ "What Education Stands To Lose If The Supercommittee Doesn’t Reach A Deal," d/l: http://stateimpact.npr.org/blog/author/kdstokes/page/7/) jl

Remember how we told you in August to circle November 23 on your calendar?
AND
supercommittee more than 1.2 trillion good reasons to reach an agreement.

Financial incentives for energy production are zero-sum with education funding

Leonard 3/7/2012 (Bryan ~of State Budget Solutions~ "Green Jobs Don’t Grow on Trees," d/l: http://www.statebudgetsolutions.org/doclib/20120306_GreenJobsReport.pdf) jl

Contrary to the idea that financial incentives create less economic costs than regulations, they
AND
cannot answer the fundamentally economic questions of how to best meet those standards.

The Summer site will waste lots of money

HUTCHINS 10/23/2012 (COREY , "Re-Thinking V.C. Summer Nuclear Site Plans," d/l: http://www.free-times.com/index.php?cat=1992912064022708%26ShowArticle_ID=11012410122690376) jl

Earlier this month, South Carolina Electric %26 Gas Co. asked regulators if the
AND
by the Sierra Club and the League of Women Voters of South Carolina. 

Even if plan isn’t expensive, energy policy is empirically prone to costly amendments

Spokesman Review 2004 ("Energy Legislation: Smaller is Better," d/l: http://www.arizonaenergy.org/News04/News%20Nov04/Energy%20Legislation%20Smaller%20is%20Better.htm) jl

The energy legislation, like so many other administration bills manhandled by Congress, started
AND
, but in pieces, not an omnibus bill bloated by costly amendments.

Education funding is key to survival and global peace

Ashwini 2011 ("Why Education is Important in Our Life," d/l: http://expertscolumn.com/content/why-education-important-our-life) jl

It is very easy to explain importance of education. No human beings are able
AND
of himself, no system can bring order and peace to the world.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The limit of the aff’s imagination of food is telling – their superficially value-neutral gaze relies on a capitalist technique of food governance that "fixes" the background capitalist economy as permanent

Phillips %26 Ilcan ’3
(Lyne Phillips, Professor of Sociology, University of Windsor, and Suzan Ilcan, Professor of Anthropology, University of Windsor, "A World Free From Hunger," Sociologia Ruralis 43(4), Blackwell)

Global Food Governance and Scientific Management / While current studies on the global transformations of
AND
and control) for the production of knowledge. Both senses are important to
our case here, as will be illustrated in the following sections. First,
AND
and rationalities diffused by those international organizations mandated to ’fix’ the world.  

Addressing poverty within capitalism affirms its coordinates, turning case.

The role of the ballot is to endorse or resist this naturalization of capitalism as intellectuals. Resistance organizes the new proletariat, allowing it to succeed.

Slavoj Zizek, Senior Researcher, Institute for Social Studies, Ljubljana, 2008, In Defense of Lost Causes, p,. 420-8

The underlying problem is: how are we to think the singular universality of the
AND
intellectual private property who do not reduce the problem to a legalistic issue. 

Capital makes extinction structurally inevitable

Simonovic 7

Ljubodrag Simonovic, Ph.D., Philosophy; M.A., Law; published author of seven books, 2007, A New World is Possible, "Basis of contemporary critical theory of capitalism." 

The final stage of a mortal combat between mankind and capitalism is in progress.
AND
cultural heritage of European nations and their right to make sovereign political decisions. 

Thus the Alternative: Reject the affirmative as an abandonment of belief in capitalism

Adrian Johnston, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of New Mexico, 2004, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, Volume 9  Issue 3

Perhaps the absence of a detailed practical roadmap in Žižek’s political writings isn’t a major
AND
belief in others’ belief in the socioperformative force emanating from this same material. 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: New School | Judge: 

The aff’s methodology based on rhizomatic politics reaffirms the colonialism of democratic politics.  The metaphors reduce the colonized world to the position of mere touring locations.

Caren KAPLAN Women and Gender Studies @ UC Davis ’96 Questions of Travel p. 85-89

Becoming Minor: Rhizomes and Nomads To bring language slowly and progressively to the desert
AND
local operations of varying orientations: desert, steppe, ice, sea.""  

The deployments of a nomadic and rhizomatic scheme of thought can’t be dissociated from the 1AC—the colonization inherent in their project ensures imperialism.

Christopher MILLLER Frederick Clifford Ford Professor of African American Studies and French ’3 ""We Shouldn’t Judge Deleuze and Guattari": A Response to Eugene Holland" Research in African Literatures 34 (3) p. 131-135

Holland is unwilling to avow-he is in fact in headlong flight away from
AND
, unorthodox, "open" reputation of Deleuze and Guattari’s work.15 

Privileging mobility as liberatory empowers elite, white, settler groups.  This turns case and ensures the imperial politics remain

Julie WUTHNOW Gender Studies @ Canterbury (New Zealand) ’2 "Delezue in the postcolonial: On nomads and indigenous politics" Feminist Theory 3(2) p. 185-188

The nomadic subject, as it appears in contemporary theory, draws on the work
AND
to exclude or oppress in the name of a generic ’women’s movement’. 

Universalizing nomad subjectivity devalues non-Western ways of knowing and Being. This is a reason to reject the aff

Julie WUTHNOW Gender Studies @ Canterbury (New Zealand) ’2 "Delezue in the postcolonial: On nomads and indigenous politics" Feminist Theory 3(2) p. 188-190

Being accountable to a robust notion of location is a move that Braidotti also claims
AND
the argument that Braidotti’s notion of the nomadic subject disempowers effective indigenous politics.
 

Alternative – refuse the politics of rhizomatic non-identity.  We should start from where we are, rather than where we imagine ourselves to be.

Fred DALLMAYR Poli Sci @ Notre Dame ’97 "The Politics of Nonidentity" p. 51

In Culture and Imperialism, critique of political derailments is strongly buttressed-perhaps even
AND
particularly in Shariati’s description of human being as a "dialectical phenomenon."23 

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent: New School | Judge: 

TEXT: Resolved:

Rather than attempt to affirm a "version" of the topic, we should stand resolved in the face of its call.  This allows for inter-subjectivity – only the negative’s interpretation of the term ’resolved’ allows for a deconstruction of the sovereign subject through anxiety.

Odysseos 07 ( Louiza, "The Subject of Coexistence", pg 108. Louiza Odysseos holds a BSc in Foreign Service (magna cum laude) from Georgetown University, Washington DC. She undertook her postgraduate and doctoral degrees in the department of International Relations at the LSE, during which time she was also involved in the editorial team of Millennium: Journal of International Studies.)

What is of concern is whether the charge of "decisionism" re-verses
AND
flight from worldly embeddedness indicated by the optics of coexistence in chapter 3.

The Aff is a double turn—connecting a political project to an arborescent text like the resolution reaffirms the tree-like logic of the state.  Only rejecting such texts allows for a rethinking of Oedipus.  We need to fold and destroy language in order to solve.  Removing all unique signifiers from the resolution is the only way to ride the rhizomatic politics of the aff.

And Any permutation would render the counterplan discreet, co-opting it into the apparatus of the state.  Only the Counterplan alone solves.

Deleuze and Guattari 87

(Gilles and Felix, defenestrated geniuses, A Thousand Platues, pg 5).

A first type of book is the root-book. The tree is already
AND
no one unless we enumerate certain approxi- mate characteristics of the rhizome

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Interpretation: The aff should only get to specify one or more of the energy types listed in the resolution and not a subset within it.

Violation:

Standards

Predictability and Ground .

Education.

Also means they’re not T substantial since substantial is full, which is an independent voting issue

Merriam-Webster’s d/l 10/18/2012 (d/l: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/substantial) jl

a : consisting of or relating to substance b : not imaginary or illusory : real, true c : important, essential 2 : ample to satisfy and nourish : full a substantial meal 3 a : possessed of means : well-to-do b : considerable in quantity : significantly great earned a substantial wage

Voting Issue.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

The plan bolsters the US nuclear tech lead in order to sustain an ever-growing technological apartheid that situates the US at the head of the developed world and as the gatekeeper of nuclear technology and expertise.

Muller 96
David Muller, 8-20-1996, "Partners Not Wage Workers," p http://southmovement.alphalink.com.au/commentaries/partners.htm**

There is a race to high technology in the developed world, which is leaving
AND
veritable Freemason’s society united in the exclusivity of their knowledge and technological expertise.

B) Desire to maintain the nuclear tech gap is made evident by the 1AC’s fear of non-Western nuclear proliferation – their fear of new nuclear states legitimizes racist conceptions of non-Western nations and simultaneously justifies new vertical proliferation by Western states.

Gusterson 99
Hugh Gusterson, Feb 1999, prof of Anthropology and Science and Technology Studies @ MIT, "Nuclear Weapons and the Other in the Western Imagination," Cultural Anthropology 14.1, p jstor.org

According to the literature on risk in anthropology, shared fears often reveal as much
AND
is also to be found in U.S. national security discourse.

C) Technology gaps maintain an ideology of entitlement that drives wars to demonstrate superiority.

Broughton 96
John Broughton, 1996, prof of psychology @ Columbia U, "US Over Iraq: High Technology and Low Culture in the Gulf Conflict," Genocide, War and Human Survival, p 181-182

However, if the current regime is to be maintained, the apotheosis of that
AND
fitting festival for celebrating the new heights achieved in the spiral of technology.

OUR ALTERNATIVE – reject the plan and its proliferation discourse – aff’s simplistic anti-proliferation policy talk demeans the Majority World and underpins the global security regime that causes the very instability they try to prevent – the 1AC is a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Hugh Gusterson, Feb 1999, prof of Anthropology and Science and Technology Studies @ MIT, "Nuclear Weapons and the Other in the Western Imagination," Cultural Anthropology 14.1, p jstor.org

This article has critiqued policy talk grounded in an unsustainable binary opposition between nations that
AND
. I call them "exclusion," "participation," and "renunciation." 

VOTING NEG SOLVES – the ballot is not neutral – it can either oppose or endorse the problematic worldview the plan and 1AC is grounded in – voting aff maintains the violent status quo.

Bilgin 4
PINAR BILGIN, 2004, Dept of IR @ Bilkent U, "Is the ’Orientalist’ past the future of Middle East studies?" Third World Quarterly 25.2, p EBSCO

Kramer’s narrow understanding of Orientalism also betrays a narrow view of theory and the purposes
AND
of imperialism—those links that Said’s Orientalism sought to shed light upon.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Text: The Department of Defense should enter into binding consultation with local communities surrounding relevant military bases over whether to increase market-fixed production cost incentives for electricity from … for military facilities in the United States.The Department of Defense should implement the result of the binding consultation. We’ll clarify.

It competes –

First – it tests "resolved" which means "to make a firm decision", and "should" which is "used to imply obligation or duty"

~American Heritage Dictionary at dictionary.com~

Counterplans that test the resolution are key to predictable ground

Second – we have a solvency advocate – DoD nuclear power plants must include genuine consultation – that’s key to integration and overall base success

Parthemore and Rogers 10 (Christine and Will, Bacevich Fellow – CNAS, "Nuclear Reactors on Military Bases May Be Risky," Center for a New American Security, 5-20, http://www.cnas.org/node/4502)
The media have reported that Tennessee Sen. Lamar Alexander (R) is proposing
AND
small nuclear reactors on military bases must include examination of these important concerns.

The net-benefit is community-military relations –

Current levels of negotiation are controlled by military leadership – the CP revives that by creating an open and cooperation relationship

Boccuti, Faul, and Gray 12 (Amanda, analyst for Marstel-Day, LLC, providing analysis and GIS support for U.S. Marine Corps projects, Lauren, analyst for Marstel-Day, LLC, specializing in Strategic Communications, and Lauren, researcher at Marstel-Day, LLC, offering research and analysis of environmental issues for encroachment control plans and communications, outreach and engagement strategies for the U.S. Marine Corps, "Establishing Creative Strategies for Effective Engagement between Military Installations %26 Communities," Engaging Cities, 5-12, http://engagingcities.com/article/establishing-creative-strategies-effective-engagement-between-military-installations-communi)
Throughout the Nation’s history, military installations and ranges were historically established in undeveloped areas
AND
open, strong relationship in which those nexuses can be explored is key.

Locals will say yes. Absent consultation, civilian populations will fear military encroachment – that destroys military readiness and causes base closing

Savage 10 (Melissa, tracks military base issues for NCSL, "Lawmakers are looking for ways to resolve land-use conflicts between civilian communities and military bases," National Conference of State Legislatures, March, http://www.ncsl.org/issues-research/env-res/making-peace-article.aspx)
Senator Leticia Van de Putte, who represents the district that is home to Fort
AND
be good neighbors, their primary mission is to train soldiers to fight.

Readiness collapse causes war – turns the heg advantage

Spencer 2K (Jack, Policy Analyst – Heritage Foundation, The Facts About Military Readiness, 9-15, http://www.heritage.org/Research/MissileDefense/BG1394.cfm-http://www.heritage.org/Research/MissileDefense/BG1394.cfm)
The evidence indicates that the U.S. armed forces are not ready to
AND
from acting aggressively in regions of vital national interest, thereby preserving peace.

Second – the perm destroys genuine consultation – that causes the US to get kicked out of Guam

Natividad 10 (Lisa Linda, Assistant Professor with the Division of Social Work at the University of Guam and President of the Guahan Coalition for Peace and Justice, "The Explosive Growth of U.S. Military Power on Guam Confronts People Power: Experience of an island people under Spanish, Japanese and American colonial rule," Asia-Pacific Journal, 49(3), 12-6, http://www.japanfocus.org/-Victoria_Lola_Leon-Guerrero/3454)
While the Department of Defense had been orchestrating the build-up for years,
AND
to read 11,000 pages spread across nine volumes and provide comments. 

Guam kick out causes Chinese attack on Taiwan

Caryl 7 (Washington Chief Editor for Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. He is a Contributing Editor at Foreign Policy and a Senior Fellow of the Center for International Studies at MIT, http://www.newsweek.com/2007/02/25/america-s-unsinkable-fleet.html-http://www.newsweek.com/2007/02/25/america-s-unsinkable-fleet.html)
So why all the fuss over a tropical island just 30 miles long, known
AND
U.S. Navy is now clearly emphasizing its force in Asia.

Nuclear war

Glaser 11 (Charles, Professor of Political Science and International Affairs – George Washington University, "Will China’s Rise Lead to War?" Foreign Affairs Vol. 9 Iss. 2, March/April)
THE PROSPECTS for avoiding intense military competition and war may be good, but growth
AND
military efforts and a general poisoning of U.S.-Chinese relations.

Tournament:  | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge: 

Financial incentives must be targeted at energy generation

O’Brien, Minister of State, Department for Energy and Climate Change, UK Parliament, 11/18/’8
(Mike, "Clause 20 — Terms and conditions," http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3-http://www.theyworkforyou.com/debate/?id=2008-11-18b.159.3)

I have quite a lot still to say, so I shall try to give
AND
. What is proposed will be a real feed-in tariff scheme.

RandD isn’t tied to energy production—plan is an indirect incentive

EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ’92
("Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets," ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf-ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)

Research and development. The budgetary cost of Government-funded research and development (
AND
energy prices and costs, and so could be considered an indirect subsidy.

Vote Neg—tons of bidirectional mechanisms impact energy tech in ways that could increase production—only direct financial disbursements for increased production create a predictable and manageable topic

EIA, Energy Information Administration, Office of Energy Markets and End Use, U.S. DOE, ’92
("Federal Energy Subsidies: Direct and Indirect Interventions in Energy Markets," ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf-ftp://tonto.eia.doe.gov/service/emeu9202.pdf)

In some sense, most Federal policies have the potential to affect energy markets.
AND
through financial incentives, regulation, public enterprise, or research and development.

Tournament: Wake | Round:  | Opponent: Oklahoma CL | Judge: 

1. "Resolved" before a colon reflects a legislative forum

Army Officer School ’04
 (5-12, "~%23 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
AND
with dock g.  A formal resolution, after the word "resolved:"
Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

2. "USFG should" means the debate is solely about a policy established by governmental means

Ericson ’03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)
The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

B. They claim to win the debate for reasons other than the desirability of topical action

C. You should vote negative:

Decisionmaking—debate over a controversial point of action creates argumentative stasis—that’s key to avoid a devolution of debate into competing truth claims

Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ’8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 45)

Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Decisionmaking is the most portable skill—key to all facets of life and advocacy

Steinberg, lecturer of communication studies – University of Miami, and Freeley, Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, ’8
(David L. and Austin J., Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making p. 9-10)

After several days of intense debate, first the United States House of Representatives and
AND
customer for out product, or a vote for our favored political candidate.

Dialogue. Debate’s critical axis is a form of dialogic communication within a confined game space.

Unbridled affirmation outside the game space makes research impossible and destroys dialogue in debate

Hanghoj 8
http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf
 Thorkild Hanghøj, Copenhagen, 2008
 Since this PhD project began in 2004, the present author has been affiliated with DREAM (Danish
Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials), which is located at the Institute of
Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark. Research visits have
taken place at the Centre for Learning, Knowledge, and Interactive Technologies (L-KIT), the
Institute of Education at the University of Bristol and the institute formerly known as Learning Lab
Denmark at the School of Education, University of Aarhus, where I currently work as an assistant
professor. 

Debate games are often based on pre-designed scenarios that include descriptions of issues
AND
dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61). 

Dialogue is critical to affirming any value—shutting down deliberation devolves into totalitarianism and reinscribes oppression

Morson 4
http://www.flt.uae.ac.ma/elhirech/baktine/0521831059.pdf~~%23page=331
Northwestern Professor,  Prof. Morson’s work ranges over a variety of areas: literary theory (especially narrative); the history of ideas, both Russian and European; a variety of literary genres (especially satire, utopia, and the novel); and his favorite writers — Chekhov, Gogol, and, above all, Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. He is especially interested in the relation of literature to philosophy.

 Bakhtin viewed the whole process of "ideological" (in the sense of
AND
proceed in much the same way, in an ongoing spiral of intolerance.

Decisionmaking skills and engagement with the state energy apparatus prevents energy technocracy and actualizes radical politics

Hager, professor of political science – Bryn Mawr College, ’92
(Carol J., "Democratizing Technology: Citizen %26 State in West German Energy Politics, 1974-1990" Polity, Vol. 25, No. 1, p. 45-70)

During this phase, the citizen initiative attempted to overcome its defensive posture and implement
AND
a space for a delibera-tive politics in modern technological society.61

They treat whiteness as purely negative —- their discourse attaches whiteness intrinsically to hierarchy rather than difference —- this is a historical oversimplification.

Winant 97 Howard Sociology @ UCSB Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics  http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html

In a quiet office at a Washington think tank, a balding white man with
AND
is this situation which can be described as white racial dualism.~1~ 

Their starting point understands all existing white racial projects as coded forms of white supremacy.  The neg develops an alternative starting point that recognizes distinct white racial projects like those inherent to energy policy.

Winant 97 Howard Sociology @ UCSB Behind Blue Eyes: Contemporary White Racial Politics  http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/faculty/winant/whitness.html

Yet it would be inaccurate to describe the racial reaction of the post-civil
AND
far right, new right, neoconservative, neoliberal, and new abolitionist. 

Environment justice must be approached through CONCRETE POLICY analysis that WEIGHS disadvantages– only SWITCH SIDE works

Foreman 98
Christopher Foreman is a nonresident senior fellow in Governance Studies. Since 2000, he has also been a professor and director of the social policy program at the University of Maryland’s School of Public Policy. His research focuses on the politics of health, race, environmental regulation, government reform, and domestic social policy
Ph.D. (1980), A.M. (1977), A.B. (1974), Harvard University
The Promise and Peril of Environmental Justice

More frequent resort to a rationalizing, if not solely economic, perspective would encourage
AND
environmental blackmail," allowing disadvantaged communities to become "hooked on toxics."26 

Tournament: USC | Round: 4 | Opponent: UNLV CS | Judge: Dunn

Their use of the "social death" concept is an abstraction from slavery. It deploys a type that is separated from heritage and concrete multiplicities within this round. This type locks you into a singular story of despair.

Brown 09 (Vincent, Professor of History and of African and African-American Studies at Harvard University. American Historical Review DA) 

Slavery and Social Death was widely reviewed and lavishly praised for its erudition and conceptual

AND

is any indication, the pendulum seems to have swung decidedly toward despair. 

Impact – accepting their reification involves turning your back on social agency and activism, when you don’t have to. Reject the notion that oppression must mean social death. Alternative is to recognize that culture and strife creates opportunities for agency. This claim is not a naïve pronouncement of power – consideration of various concrete slave experiences informs this trajectory.

Brandom 10 (Eric, Brown v Agamben-http://ebrandom.blogspot.com/2009/12/brown-v-agamben.html V. Brown, ’Social Death and Political Life in the Study of Slavery’, The American Historical Review, 114, (2009), pp 1231-1249 DA)
 

This essay is most straightforwardly a corrective to what Brown sees as the misuse (

AND

What I have read leads me to believe that he is entirely correct. 

The other team colonizes itself with either an afro-radicalist or nativist discourse on blackness. Their criticisms of theory at best only apply to theory when it is inadequately done. Their own discourse is piecemeal and is in a stage of arrested development, conflating its zeal for rightness.

MBEMBĖ 2002 (Achille, born in Cameroon, Member of the WITS institute for 

AND

14, No. 1, Winter, p 239-242   )AR

Over the past two centuries, intellectual currents have emerged whose goal  has been to

AND

formations sociales du capitalisme   périphérique (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1973).

The affirmative advances a view of liberatory heroism without the state. This advocacy is founded on reifications of history. The impact of this is naïve agency and revolutionary bankruptcy. You cannot exclude us or valorize yourself as a response to this criticism, because the move to do so is a function of the very superficiality which we criticize.

MBEMBĖ 2002 (Achille, born in Cameroon, Member of the WITS institute for 

AND

14, No. 1, Winter, p 243-245  )AR

The current of thought marked above as Marxist and nationalist is permeated by   the tension

AND

), and Manufacturing African Studies and Crises (Dakar: CODESRIA,   1997).

Their discourse takes you on a distorted path of paranoia about the state. It is a distortion. You cannot afford to linger in corrosive self-loathing. Our alternative urges endorsing laws and policies for a better world.

BERMAN 2001  (Paul, Ass. Prof Univ of Connecticut School of Law. "Approaches to the Cultural Study of Law: Telling a Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward a Non-Skeptical Approach to Legal/Cultural Analysis", 13 Yale J.L. %26 Human, 95)AR
 

The second drawback of the hermeneutics of suspicion is perhaps even more important. As 

AND

less normative scholarship cannot extricate scholars from the fundamental questions that I am discussing
 

Identity politics creates the illusion of freedom while merely locking into the same relations that make exclusion possible in the first place- all of our evidence takes into account their link turn because their criticism reifies the dyad between the black body and whiteness by posing the black body merely in opposition to whiteness, meaning that they lock the binary that makes exclusion possible in the first place

Kurz 11 (Joshua, PhD Candidate in Department of Comparative Studies at Ohio State University, the self, http://joshuajkurz.wordpress.com/tag/deleuze/-http://joshuajkurz.wordpress.com/tag/deleuze/)**

1) Self as identity: The concept of identity is basically the question of 

AND

as it is merely the momentary coagulation of a limited infinite number of possibilities

Tournament: Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rochester BS | Judge: Crossan, Park
The methodology of the affirmative collapses the grammars of sovereignty loss and genocide by affirming a relation between Settler/Savage as a contestation for betterment and appeasement rather than as a structural antagonism. This relation repeats a settler ontology that perpetuates the destruction of black and red bodies, turning the aff

Wilderson 10
(Frank UC Berkley, Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structures of U.S. Antagonisms)tr

Their call for empathy for the Native can never include the Black

Wilderson 12
(Frank B., III, “‘Raw Life’ And The Ruse Of Empathy”, Performance, Politics and Activism, Ed. Rouse and Lichtenfels, p.387-8)

Addressing Anti-Blackness is a prioiri – it creates the settler violence the affirmative indicts
Wilderson 3
award-winning author of Incognegro: A Memoir of Exile and Apartheid. He is one of two Americans to hold elected office in the African National Congress and is a former insurgent in the ANC’s armed wing, 2003 (Frank B. III “Chapter One: The Ruse of Analogy” Red, White, and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms,)  

The alternative is to reject the affirmative and reorient ourselves towards the world through an unflinching paradigmatic analysis
Wilderson 10
Frank B. III, Ph.D., Associate Professor at UC Irvine, former ANC member, “on some guerilla shit”, Red, White and Black: Cinema and the Structure of U.S. Antagonisms, pages ix-x

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: NYU AG | Judge: Ortiz, Register
Regimes of sustainable environment discourse frame the Earth as nothing more than a standing reserve which, instead of being exploited quickly, is preserved to be rendered perpetually useful to humanity.

Luke 99
(Timothy W. Luke, Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,1999, Discourses of the Environment, p. 146-47)

Entire industries are salivating at the thought of the aff – making consumption more environmentally-friendly is an attractive label for consumers, allowing corporations to further their control over the global environment by painting themselves as responsible stewards.

Luke 99
(Timothy W. Luke, Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,1999, Discourses of the Environment, p. 141-42)

Their view of renewables props up a consumptive system that reifies the harms of the 1ac- wind proves

Zehner 12
(Green illusions, Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley. His recent publications include public science pieces in Christian Science Monitor, The American Scholar, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, The Humanist, The Futurist, and Women’s Studies Quarterly. He has appeared on PBS, BBC, CNN, MSNBC, and regularly guest lectures at universities. Zehner’s research and projects have been covered by The Sunday Times, USA Today, WIRED, The Washington Post, Business Week and numerous other media outlets. He also serves on the editorial board of Critical Environmentalism.Zehner primarily researches the social, political and economic conditions influencing energy policy priorities and project outcomes. His work also incorporates symbolic roles that energy technologies play within political and environmental movements. His other research interests include consumerism, urban policy, environmental governance, international human rights, and forgeries.
Zehner attended Kettering University (BS -Engineering) and The University of Amsterdam (MS/Drs – Science and Technology Studies). His research was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco)

Our alternative is to reject the aff. Domination is perpetuated by the ability of those in power to define the discursive framing of the field of contestation. Neither corporate managerialism nor traditional environmental activism has any hope of securing lasting change in contemporary environmental debates – literally the ONLY hope for change is a representational strategy like ours.

Luke 99
Timothy W. Luke, Professor of Political Science at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, June-July 2003, Alternatives, p. 413-14

Tournament: Monmouth | Round: 5 | Opponent: Rochester BS | Judge: Bass
Aff doesn’t recognize their privilege – the privilege of existing on stolen land. 

Churchill 96
 Ward, From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, isbn: 0896085538, pg. 520-525

The affirmative is flawed, decolonization resolves the impacts better

Grande 4
 Sandy, Red Pedagogy, p. 117-118

The alternative is to vote neg to reject the 1ac- Debate is a method of pedagogy- Indigenous land return is a better starting point

Churchill 96
 Ward, From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, isbn: 0896085538, pg. 84-89

Tournament: NDT | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pudget Sound | Judge: 

Link – the affirmative advocates increasing energy production. This treats energy as standing-reserve. Their technological paradigm does violence to nature.

BECKMAN 2000  (Tad, Northwestern Univ. Graduate with degrees in Chemistry and Philosophy
AND
%26 World Report, "Martin Heidegger And Environmental Ethics")BF-AR

We have arrived at the opening of the essence of modern technology. Technology is
AND
to anything but their subjective status of standing-ready for human design.

Energy production represents the peak of our manipulation of the environment-the aff is standing reserve logic that obviates our relation to the Earth and causes extinction-only refusing action in favor of contemplating solves, and it leads to more effective policies

Grego 7
(Dr. Richard Grego 7, Associate Professor, Department of Humanities/ Culture, Daytona Beach College, 2007, "Global Warming, Environmental Philosophy and Public Policy: John Dewey vs Martin Heidegger," online: http://www.philosophos.com/philosophy_article_153.html)//TR**

This essay compares and contrasts the views of Martin Heidegger and John Dewey with respect
AND
humanity, might be just what is needed for the earth’s sustainable future.

Tournament: NDT | Round:  | Opponent:  | Judge:
Fracking technologies are kept behind lock and key, privatizing other people’s land and water to provide fuel for the few. Fracking normalizes unequal distribution of the hydro-social, and only a prior discourse analysis allows us to unpack the secrets of fracking.

Finewood and Stroup 12
Michael H. Finewood and Laura J. Stroup, ’12 (Finewood is an Assistant Professor of Sustainability at Chatham University’s School of Sustainability and the Environment in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Stroup is an Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies at St. Michael’s College in Colchester, VT, "Fracking and the Neoliberalization of the Hydro-Social Cycle in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale", Universities Council on Water Resources Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education Issue 147, Pages 72-79, March 2012)TR

Public and environmental health concerns about the natural gas boom have largely surrounded the fracking
AND
water-energy nexus, and to strive for a more equitable future.

Commodification of the planet for corporatization and scientific inquiry means the sum total of every ecological catastrophe will end the planet – collapse is inevitable it’s merely a question of when and how

Ehrenfeld 5
(David, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources @ Rutgers University, "The Environmental Limits to Globalization",Conservation Biology Vol. 19 No. 2 April 2005)

The known effects of globalization on the environment are numerous and highly significant. Many
AND
have become so thoroughly entwined with ours within the global environment we share.
Vote neg to eschew neoliberal frameworks—they’re unsustainable and insulate decisionmaking from deliberation and alternative assumptions needed to solve

Adaman and Madra 2012 

• • *economic professor at Bogazici University in Istanbul, PhD from UMass-Amherst, economics professor (Fikret and Yahya, Bogazici University, "Understanding Neoliberalism as Economization: The Case of the Ecology", http://www.econ.boun.edu.tr/content/wp/EC2012_04.pdf)//TR**

The reduction of ecological valuation through a market mechanism (or various techniques) to
AND
the extraction crisis will be¶ capable of addressing long-term concerns. 

Energy debates should focus on CRITIQUE of broad structures INSTEAD of producitivist fixes.  Our ROLE OF THE BALLOT is best EVEN IF they win some truth claims – we must SHIFT THE FRAME

Zehner 12
Green illusions, 
Ozzie Zehner is the author of Green Illusions and a visiting scholar at the University
AND
was awarded with honors at both institutions. He lives in San Francisco.

Since this book represents a critique of alternative energy, it may seem an unlikely
AND
would benefit by shifting our focus. Our very relevance depends on it.